M5Unit2Theenvironment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2021·浙江高三二模)Mud.Muck.Dirt.Althoughwehaveplentyofwordsforit,werarelygivesoilasecondthought.Butwithoutsoil,wewouldcertainlybedead.Soiliskeytoalmosteveryaspectoflifeonland,fromwaterstoragetoclimateregulation,floodprevention,nutrientcyclinganddecomposition(分解).Thedirtbeneathourfeetisalsoanexceptionallyhighsourceofbiodiversity:someestimatessuggestthatatleastonequarterofallspeciesliveinoronthesoil.TheUNhasnamed2015theYearofsoilsand5DecemberalsohappenstobeWorldSoilDay.Asplantsgraduallycolonizedthelandandbegantoinputlargequantitiesoforganicmatterintothesoil,itswaterstoragecapacityincreased.Waterstorageandfiltration(过滤)isoneofthemostimportantrolessoilplays,eventoday:wedependonitforourdrinkingwaterandagriculture.Thewaterstoragecapacityofsoilisalsoimportantinreducingfloodrisk,aswellasprovidinganimportantbufferagainstdrought.Butsoilisalsofacingseveredangerthesedays.Ineffect,ouragricultureisreversingbillionsofyearsofsoilevolutionandmakingoursoilseasiertowearaway.Infact,halfoftheworld’stopsoil,themostactiveandimportantpartofthesoil,hasbeenlostoverthelast150years.Theproblemmayonlygetworse.Theincreaseofagriculturalprocessesisloweringthesoilsqualityinaglobalscale,andwiththepopulationsettoreach9billionby2050,thesecurityofourfuturefoodsupplyishanginginthebalance.Thegoodnewsisthatifwedobegintakingbettercareoftheworld’ssoilwecantakeadvantageoftheircarbonstoringcapacity,tohelpfightagainsttheeffectsofclimatechange.Wemightnotgiveitmuchthought,butsoilissilentlykeepingusalive.Byactingnowtoprotectsoilasakeyecosystemworldwidewecanensureitcontinuestoprovideuswithcleanwater,foodandapleasantclimatefarintothefuture.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土壤面临着严重的危险，呼吁我们关注土壤并采取行动保护土壤这个全球重要的生态系统。1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Soilhasbeenthoughthighlyofbyhumanrace.B.Soilhastoomanynamesforustocareforit.
C.Wehaveneverpaidenoughattentiontosoil.D.It’shightimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectsoil.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句内容“Althoughwehaveplentyofwordsforit,werarelygivesoilasecondthought.(尽管我们有很多词汇来形容土地，但我们很少去想关于土地的事情。)可知，对于土地，人们没有对它给予多的关心。故选C项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hanginginthebalance”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Definite.B.Guaranteed.C.Ruined.D.Uncertain.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第五段内容“Theproblemmayonlygetworse.Theincreaseofagriculturalprocessesisloweringthesoilsqualityinaglobalscale.(这个问题可能只会变得更糟。农业进程的增加正在降低全球范围内的土壤质量。)”可知，因为土壤质量下降，粮食供应问题应该是难以确定。故选D项。3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toshareacomment.B.Tomakeanappeal.C.Togiveanexample.D.Tointroduceatopic.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第最后一段最后一句内容“Byactingnowtoprotectsoilasakeyecosystemworldwidewecanensureitcontinuestoprovideuswithcleanwater,foodandapleasantclimatefarintothefuture.(现在就采取行动保护土壤这个全球重要的生态系统，我们可以确保它在遥远的将来继续为我们提供清洁的水、食物和宜人的气候。)”可知，作者的目的是在呼吁我们关注土壤。故选B项。B(2021·陕西榆林市教育科学研究所高三一模)Chemicalsarearequirementtokeepfarmerscompetitive,killpests,andproduceatascalethatmeanstheycanhaveagoodlivelihood.However,theEUhasbanned250chemicalpesticides,forcingfarmerstocomeupwithalternativesolutions.Theanswertoanenvironmentallyfriendlypest-freefarmisducks.Thisapproachwasviewedbythousandsofpeoplelatelastyearbuttheimagesturnedouttobefalse.However,aftersomedigging,wehavefoundthatitisrealinmanyotherplaces.ThereareanumberoffarmsincountrieslikeChina,Japan,andSouthAfricathatreleasethousandsofducksontheircropsinordertokeepoffsmallerbugs.Awinevineyard(葡萄园)calledVergenoegdinSouthAfricahasateamof1,200duckstodefenditsvineyards.Thelocationoftheplaceisbesidealargelakewhichmakessnailsarriveinincrediblenumberstothelocation.Leftunattended,theirvineyardswouldbedevouredbythesnails.Tocombatthis,thefarmershiresome
ducks.Everymorning,theduckswillslowlygothroughthevineyardsandwillfinishupbyabout4pm.Afullday'sworkmaysoundprettytoughbuttheducksreceivegoodpayment,alltheycaneatinsnailsandotherinsects.Thefarmhasbeenusingduckssince1984aspesticidesarenottheonlybenefit.Ducksalsoprovidegreatfertilizerastheirpooisveryhighinnutrientsandhelpsthevinestogrowquicklyandstrongly.Whileusingducksinsteadofpesticidesseemstobeawin-winsituationallaround,itdoeshaveitsdrawbacks.Mostnotably,thecost.AtVergenoegd,theduckscostaboutnineteenthousanddollarsperyeartocarefor.ThevineyardsocialmediamanagerDavidBadenhorstsaysthatusingtraditionalchemical-basedmethodsofpestcontrolwouldbefarlessexpensive,butofcoursemuchlesssustainable.Farmersareworkingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtheirproductstoshowitismoreenvironmentalawareness.【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍为了可持续发展，对环境有利，欧盟禁止多种农药的使用。改为在农业用地养鸭子。这带来了很多好处，同时也有不良影响。4.Whatdoweknowabouttheimagesmentionedinparagraph2?A.Theywereverypopular.B.Theyprovedtobereal.C.TheyweretakeninJapan.D.Theypollutedtheenvironment.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Thisapproachwasviewedbythousandsofpeoplelatelastyearbuttheimagesturnedouttobefalse.”可知这一方法去年被成千上万的人观看；第二段最后一句“ThereareanumberoffarmsincountrieslikeChina,Japan,andSouthAfricathatreleasethousandsofducks”则表明许多国家许多农场都养了鸭。故可推测出这一做法流行起来了。故选A项。5.WhydothefarmersuseducksinVergenoegd?A.Tomakeithometomoresnails.B.Toexpandthesizeofthevineyard.C.Totryanewwayofraisingducks.D.Tokeepitawayfromharmfulinsects.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“hasateamof1,200duckstodefenditsvineyards.”可知养鸭子是为了保护葡萄园；最后一句“…buttheducksreceivegoodpayment,alltheycaneatinsnailsandotherinsects.”可知所有的鸭子都能吃蜗牛等昆虫。即养鸭子抓虫子以保护葡萄园。故选D项。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devoured”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Tidied.B.Eatenup.C.Decorated.D.Takencareof.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“Leftunattended,theirvineyardswouldbedevouredbyofthesnails.”可知如果葡萄园不加看护管理，就会被蜗牛devoured
，而后文提到的是用养鸭子吃蜗牛，故可推测出如果蜗牛太多，对葡萄园有害：即葡萄树被啃。A.Tidied整理；B.Eatenup吃光；C.Decorated装饰；D.Takencareof照顾。故选B项。7.Whatcanweinferabouttraditionalchemical-basedmethodaccordingtoBadenhorst?A.Ithasmoreadvantages.B.It’llgainmorepopularitylater.C.Itcanbeexpensivesoon.D.Itfailstobeenvironment-friendly.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数二句“ThevineyardsocialmediamanagerDavidBadenhorstsaysthatusingtraditionalchemical-basedmethodsofpestcontrolwouldbefarlessexpensive,butofcoursemuchlesssustainable.”可知Badenhorst认为传统的化学法管控昆虫成本便宜点，但是不可持续，即对环境不友好。选项D指出传统方法未能做到对环境友好。故选D项。C(2021·福建龙岩市高三一模)Plastic,adurablematerial,isprobablythedefinitive20thcentury“mod-con”.Ithasprovedattractivetoconsumersandmanufacturers.Butthetide,nowpackedwithanadditional8milliontonsofplasticenteringtheoceansannually,isslowlyturning.ThescaleoftheenvironmentalproblemwithplasticwasteisastonishingMorethan6.3billiontonsofplasticwastehasbeenproducedsincethe1950s,morethanhalfofwhichwasproducedinthepast16years,andplasticproductionisexpectedtodoubleagaininthenext20years.Despitehigherrecyclingrates,largeamountsofplasticleakintotheenvironment.Estimatessuggesttherewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheseaby2050andthereisevidencethatitispresentthroughoutthehumanfoodchain.Anecologicallyandtechnologicallysuperiorreplacementformanyusesofplasticislongoverdue.Consumershavebecomekeenrecyclers.Yetthisisnotasgoodanoutcomeasitseems.Evenwhenplasticsarerecyclableandputinarecyclingbin,themajoritystillendsupinlandfill,causinghugeemissionproblems,orendsupinthesea.Recyclingisacomplex,expensive,low-profitbusiness.Itismadeharderbecause,although95percentofpeopleintheUSandEUmarketsrecycle,onlyabout30percentrecyclecarefullyenoughforittobeusable.Nevertheless,growingdemandforalternativestoplasticisrunningaheadofthescientificbreakthroughs.Theseareneededtoensuretheenvironmentalimpactofreplacingitisanetpositive.Onepopularproposal—usingpaperinsteadofplasticifpossible—howevercouldexacerbatesglobalwarming,amorepressingproblem.Havingturnedconsumersintokeenrecyclers,governmentsmustensurerecyclingwork.Thiswillrequireaninternationallyjoined-upregulatory,environmentthatensuresmanufacturersbearthecostofusingnon-recyclable
oruneconomicalmaterials.Equally,consumersshouldcontinuetodemandacircularplasticeconomy.Thiswouldbeaworldinwhichunnecessaryandeco-unfriendlyplasticiscompletelyremoved,allplasticpackagingis100percentreusableorrecyclable.Thewastemustend.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章说明了塑料造成的污染问题。作者呼吁要确保塑料回收工作的顺利进行，需要国际联合监管环境，需要政府、生产商、消费者共同合作。8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellusabout?A.Plasticproduction.B.Lifechain.C.Materialsubstitution.D.Plasticproblem.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段首句提到“Thescaleoftheenvironmentalproblemwithplasticwasteisastonishing.(塑料垃圾造成的环境问题的规模是惊人的。)”；下文提到“largeamountsofplasticleakintotheenvironment.…thereisevidencethatitispresentthroughoutthehumanfoodchain.(大量的塑料泄漏到环境中。……有证据表明，塑料已经存在于整个人类食物链中)”由此可知，该段主要告诉我们塑料产品带来的问题。故选D。9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Affect.B.BetterC.RemoveD.Worsen.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。划线词前提到“Onepopularproposal—usingpaperinsteadofplasticifpossible.”有人提出一个提议，用纸代替塑料；however表示语义转折；由however可知，作者并不赞成这个提议；根据划线词后的“…globalwarming,amorepressingproblem(……全球变暖，这是一个更为紧迫的问题)”可知，作者认为用纸代替塑料是一个更为严峻的问题。由此可以猜测，exacerbate意思为“使加剧，使恶化”。故选D。10.Whatwillmanufactureshavetodowithoutusingrecyclablematerials?A.Payfortheoutcome.B.Refundtheconsumers.C.Abandontheirproducts.D.Providetherecyclingstuff.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Thiswillrequireaninternationallyjoined-upregulatoryenvironmentthatensuresmanufacturersbearthecostofusingnon-recyclableoruneconomicalmaterials.(这将需要一个国际联合对环境进行监管，确保制造商承担使用不可回收或不经济的材料的费用)”可知，制造商如果不使用可回收材料，那么他们将要为结果买单。故选A。11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Toinformusoftheplasticproblem.B.Topraiseconsumers’senseofresponsibility.C.Tosuggestthereisalongwaysolvingtheplasticproblem.D.Toindicatemanufacturersshouldcreateasaferenvironment【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段提到“governmentsmustensurerecyclingwork.”，政府必须保证塑料回收工作；最后一段中提到“Equally,consumersshouldcontinuetodemandacircularplasticeconomy.”，同样，消费者应该继续要求循环塑料经济。由此可以推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是表明塑料回收问题需要政府、生产商、消费者共同努力，解决塑料问题还有很长的路要走。故选C。D(2021·内蒙古包头市高三期末)Reducing,reusingandrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.“RecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryuncomfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle,”saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesalternativesthatincludeburninggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuelstoheat1.2millionhomes.Abouthalfofhouseholdgarbageissenttooneofthe33waste-to-heatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoeco-friendlybiogas.Ithasmadefoodwastecollectioncompulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular(循环论证的)economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindanewwayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer(零售商)H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoa
circulareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了瑞典在保护环境方面(尤其是在减少、再利用和回收废弃物方面)做出的努力和贡献。12.WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A.Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B.EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.C.HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D.ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.(可回收物被分为7类，而回收站距离所有居民区只有300米)”可知，在瑞典回收东西很方便。故选D项。13.Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A.Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels.B.Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C.Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely.D.Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindanewwayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.(瑞典政府成立了一个顾问团，以寻找一种新方法，将其纳入环境政策)”可知，顾问团是为环境政策提供建议。故选D项。14.Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?A.Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms.B.Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C.Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs.D.Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.(现在政府正在改革其税法，以便人们可以得到更便宜的维修或购买二手物品)”可知，政府通过提供较低的维修费用来鼓励市民重复使用。故选C项。15.Fromwhichisthetextpossiblytaken?A.Abookoncityenvironment.B.Anewsreportonlocalenvironment.C.Asciencereportonpublichealth.D.AtravelguideonSweden.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reducing,reusingandrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.(
减少、再利用和回收是瑞典的一种生活方式)”和最后一段“Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.(瑞典正在通过做所有正确的事情来应对气候变化。废物回收和转向循环经济的计划将大大减少碳足迹，并有助于阻止全球变暖)”可知，本文主要是讲述了瑞典在保护环境方面做出的努力和贡献，因此本文最可能摘自一本关于城市环境的书。故选A项。二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·丹东市教师进修学院高三模拟)Recyclingreferstotheprocessofcollectingusedmaterialswhichareusuallyconsideredas‘waste’andreprocessingthem.Someofthemostcommonitemsthatarerecycledareplastic,glass,paper,batteries,etc.Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturersandforourenvironment.1Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.Oneofthebiggestreasonsisthatrecyclingreducesthepressureonourenvironment.Byusingwasteproductsinameaningfulway,wecanslowlydecreasethesizeofourlandfills.Asthepopulationgrows,itwillbecomedifficultforthelandfillstoholdsomuchtrash.Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.2Weknowthatrecyclinginvolvestheprocessingandusageofcoreelementsofoldproductsfortheproductionofnewproducts.3Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.4Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.Everyonecanmakeadifference.Ifyouthinkthatitmakesnodifferencewhetheryourecycleornot,thinkagain!Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.5Afterall,manyhandsmakelightwork.A.Recyclingisgoodforyourwallet.B.Thishelpsinsavingournaturalresources.C.Itstopshumansfromdamagingtheenvironment.D.Recyclinghelpstogetridofoldthingsandwaste.E.However,noteveryoneknowshowimportantitistorecycle.
F.Wheneachofustakesaction,italladdsupandmakesarealdifference.G.Recyclinghelpstokeepthepollutionundercontrolanddecreaseitlittlebylittle.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了回收利用的重要性，阐述了回收利用对环境，对经济的好处，并号召每个人都应该采取行动。1.【答案】E【解析】上文“Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturersandforourenvironment.(回收利用对我们，对制造商和我们的环境都有好处)”说明回收利用有好处，选项E“然而，不是每个人都知道回收利用的重要性。”承接上文，转折语义，说明回收利用的好处(即重要性)不是每个人都知道，引出下文“Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.(以下是为什么每个人都应该回收利用的一些好理由)”介绍为什么每个人都应该回收利用。选项中torecycle和上文中Recycling以及下文recycle语义一致，选项中important和上文good语义相关。故选E项。2.【答案】G【解析】上文“Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.(当这种情况发生时，我们的城市将面临污染、中毒和许多健康问题)”说明我们的城市面临着污染等问题，选项G“循环利用有助于控制污染，一点一点地减少污染”承接上文，说明循环利用可以帮助解决污染问题。选项中pollution和上文pollution语义一致。故选G项。3.【答案】B【解析】后文“Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.(例如，一份旧报纸被回收后，我们不需要使用另一棵树的资源来生产新的纸制品。通过这种方式，适当的回收可以帮助我们保护我们的自然资源)”举例说明通过回收利用我们可以保护我们的自然资源，选项B“这有助于节约我们的自然资源。”正是下文举例说明的问题。选项中helpsinsavingournaturalresources和下文helpuspreserveournaturalresources语义一致。故选B项。4.【答案】A【解析】下文“Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.(再利用旧东西的成本比购买新东西要低。在美国的大多数州，处理垃圾实际上比回收垃圾更加昂贵。一些回收公司从社区购买废物用于他们的回收活动。这会给你带来额外的收入)”
可知，回收再利用能够节约成本，会给你带来额外的收入，选项A“回收利用有利于你的钱袋子。”位于段首，点明本段主题，说明回收利用能省钱。选项中wallet和下文money等语义相关。故选A项。5.【答案】F【解析】段落首句“Everyonecanmakeadifference.(每个人都可以有所作为)”点明本段主题，上句“Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.(我们每个人每年产生的废物中，有一半以上是可以回收利用的，但其中很多最终都被掩埋了)”说明每个人产生的废物中有一半是可以回收利用的，选项F“当我们每个人都采取行动的时候，所有这些加起来就会产生真正的效果。”符合本段主题，说明每个人都行动起来，就会有真正的效果。选项中eachofus和段落首句中Everyone以及上句中eachofus语义一致。故选F项。三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·湖北高三模拟)Withabout100,000marineanimalsbeingchokedorinjuredbyplasticeveryyear,thedangerposedbythepiecesofplasticfloatinginouroceansiswell-known.However,giventhatmostofthesmallplasticsmeasurelessthan0.5mm,collectingthemisa(n)1task.Now,someDutchenvironmentalistshavefoundawaytocatchplasticwaste2itreachestheopenseasandfallstopieces.The1,500-square-footRecycledFloatingParkisnowfloatingintheRotterdamHarborintheNetherlands.Scientists3bydevelopinga“plasticfisher”,afloatinggarbage4device.Fittedwithtwofoldingarmsthatenlargeseveralfeetintothewater,itusesanetto5wrappers,bottles,anyothergarbagethatfloatspast.Themovabledevice,whichtookayearandahalftobeperfected,wasthenplacedattheedgeoftheharbortocollectthecitythattrash6intheNewMeuseriver,whichroseinFranceandpassedthroughBelgium,andtheNetherlands,before7intotheNorthSea.SinceRotterdam’sNewWaterwayCanallinkstherivertotheNorthSea,itwasthe8placetocatchthe“fresh"plasticwastebeforeitdisappearedintotheopenwatersandbrokeinto9.Thewastecollectedbythe“plasticfisher”andhundredsofvolunteers,who10theriverbanks,wasthenmadeinto28hexagonal(六边形的)floatswhichwere11tocreatethepark.Someoftheblocksare12tovisitors,whileothershousevarioustypesofplantsandeventreesfornestingbirds.Thebottomofthefloatsprovidesasuitable13foralgae,mussels,andfish.Therecycled14canalsobeusedtobuild
sportsstadiums,publicwalkways,andculturalcenters.15,RecycledFloatingPark’ssuccesswillencouragecountriesworldwidetotakeonsimilarplans.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。每年约有10万只海洋动物因塑料而窒息或受伤，海洋中漂浮的塑料碎片所造成的危险是众所周知的，并且这种小垃圾很难收集，一些荷兰环保人士找到了一种方法，建造回收漂浮公园，收集塑料垃圾。1.A.challengingB.surprisingC.impressiveD.responsible【答案】A【解析】A.challenging有挑战性的；B.surprising令人惊讶的；C.impressive给人印象深刻的；D.responsible有责任的。本段主要讲流入或飘在海洋的塑料垃圾危害动物的安全，而上文“giventhatmostofthesmallplasticsmeasurelessthan0.5mm”，可知有些垃圾很小，所以收集它们很困难，具有挑战性，故选A。2.A.afterB.asC.beforeD.when【答案】C【解析】A.after在……之后；B.as由于；C.before在……之前；D.when当……时候。根据前文提到塑料垃圾对海洋生物的危害，所以要在它们流入海洋或变得更小之前收集起来，故选C。3.A.preparedB.consumedC.succeededD.began【答案】D【解析】A.prepared准备；B.consumed消耗，耗费，消费；C.succeeded成功；D.began开始。根据上文“The1,500-square-footRecycledFloatingParkisnowfloatingintheRotterdamHarborintheNetherlands.”(这个1500平方英尺的回收漂浮公园现在漂浮在荷兰鹿特丹港)说明科学家开始着手研制，故选D。4.A.calculationB.collectionC.conservationD.selection【答案】B【解析】A.calculation计算；B.collection收集；C.conservation保护；D.selection选择。根据第一段及全文，要把垃圾收集起来，所以plasticfisher应为垃圾收集装置。故选B。5.A.catchB.provideC.offerD.produce【答案】A【解析】A.catch抓住；B.provide提供；C.offer提供；D.produce生产。“plasticfisher”可以深入水中，用网子抓住那些漂浮的瓶子等垃圾。对应第一段最后一句中“catchplasticwaste”，故选A。6.A.gatheredB.recycledC.distributedD.expanded【答案】A
【解析】A.gathered聚集；B.recycled回收利用；C.distributed分配，分布；D.expanded扩大。故选A。根据下文“intheNewMeuseriver”，可知收集聚集在默兹河的城市垃圾，故选A。7.A.flowingB.spreadingC.blowingD.extending【答案】A【解析】A.flowing流入；B.spreading传播；C.blowing吹；D.extending延伸。根据第一段中最后“itreachestheopensea”,和第三段最后的“disappearintotheopensea”可推断出，此处应为同义表达，流入北海，故选A。8.A.centralB.safeC.idealD.remote【答案】C【解析】A.central中心的；B.safe安全的；C.ideal理想的；D.remote遥远的。此句中since表因为，这里地理位置优越，所以是理想的地点。故选C。9.A.massesB.piecesC.pilesD.bands【答案】B【解析】A.masses大量；B.pieces碎片；C.piles堆；D.bands群。对应文章第一段最后一句“itreachestheopenseasandfallstopieces”可知此处为pieces，故选B。10.A.wipedB.removedC.submittedD.combed【答案】D【解析】A.wiped擦拭，消除；B.removed移动；C.submitted提交，呈递；D.combed梳理。根据下文“wasthenmadeinto28hexagonal(六边形的)floats”，可知是梳理整理垃圾，故选D。11.A.separatedB.dividedC.connectedD.assorted【答案】C【解析】A.separated分开；B.divided划分；C.connected连接；D.assorted分类。根据下文“createthepark”，说明把28个六边形浮板连接一起形成公园，故选C。12.A.emptyB.blankC.bareD.open【答案】D【解析】A.empty空的；B.blank空白的；C.bare光秃秃的；D.open开放的。根据下文“tovisitors”可知是公园对游客开发，故选D。13.A.capacityB.locationC.exitD.environment【答案】D【解析】A.capacity容量；B.location位置；C.exit出口；D.environment环境。根据下文“foralgae,
mussels,andfish”，可知是为它们提供了一个适合生存的环境，故选D。14.A.rangesB.blocksC.spacesD.squares【答案】B【解析】A.ranges范围；B.blocks街区；C.spaces空间；D.squares正方形。根据前文的“blocks”，可判断推理出此处应为这些可循环使用的漂浮的街区的额外功能。故选B。15.A.HopefullyB.ObviouslyC.NaturallyD.Fortunately【答案】A【解析】A.Hopefully有希望地；B.Obviously显然地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“takeonsimilarplans”，可知是希望这么做，故选A。四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2020·浙江绍兴市高二期末)Whenmanstartshisworkinnature,thebalanceislikely1(disturb).Hegrowsacropandtakesitawaytoeat;thentherearenodeadleavestofallontheground,holdingwaterwhileitsinksintothesurface.Thusheismostlikelytomaketheland2(bad)yearbyyear.Totaketheplaceoftheusefulmatterinthecropsthatheremoves,heusessomekindoffertilizer.Insomeplaces,itisahabittoburnwastematerial3(lie)about,butsuchburningdestroystheusefulmatterthattheplantsneedtogrow.Inthepast,whentheworldpopulationwasmuchless,manhadlittledifficultygrowingthefood.Whenafield4hadbeenusedforsomeyearsbecametired,thefarmercouldmovetoanotherplace.Thetiredlandthenslowlyrecovered.5(Gradual)grassesandotherplantswouldappearonitandits6(product)powerwouldslowlyreturntonormal.Butnature,7(leave)alone,wouldtakealongtimetobringbackthelandtoitsformerstate.Thelengthoftimerequiredwould8onlocalconditions,butitmightwellbetenyears.Anyway,9isabadpracticetogrowthesamecropinafieldyearafteryearandisman’s10(responsible)tofindsolutionstotheproblemofsoilprotection.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类在大自然中种植粮食，会对大自然造成的不良影响。指出在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。1.【答案】tobedisturbed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。表示“可能做某事”短语为belikelytodosth.，且balance与disturb构成被动关系，故应用tobedone形式。故填tobedisturbed。句意：当人类开始在大自然中工作时，这种平衡很可能被打破。2.【答案】worse【解析】考查词形转换(比较级)。结合句意“一年比一年糟糕”可知应用比较级worse，作宾补。故填worse。句意：因此，他很有可能让土地一年比一年糟糕。3.【答案】lying【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作后置定语，lie的现在分词为lying。句意：在一些地方，焚烧到处散落的废弃物是一种习惯，但这样的焚烧破坏了植物生长所需的有用物质。4.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词field，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。句意：当一块用了好几年的土地变得贫瘠了，农民可以搬到另一个地方去。5.【答案】Gradually【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词gradually，作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Gradually。6.【答案】productive【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。修饰名词power用形容词productive。句意：渐渐地，上面会出现草和其他植物，它的生产力也会慢慢恢复正常。7.【答案】left【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，如果任凭自然界的力量，将需要很长的时间才能使土地恢复到以前的状态。分析句子可知leave在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nature构成被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填left。8.【答案】depend/rely【解析】考查动词短语。depend/relyon依靠。句意：所需的时间长短将视当地情况而定，但很可能是10年。9.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句意：无论如何，在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。此处为it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填it。
10.【答案】responsibility【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。句意：无论如何，在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。根据上文名词所有格man’s可知应填名词responsibility，表抽象概念，不可数。故填responsibility。五、写作写作(一)(2021·河南开封市高三三模)假定你校英语社团举办以“Thewaytoprotecttheenvironment”为主题的演讲活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容主要包括：1.保护环境的重要性；2.保护环境的具体措施。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,energyintheworldbecomesmoreandmorelimited,soitisquiteimportantforustosaveenergyandtoprotectourenvironment.Asastudent,weshouldtakethefollowingmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.First,walkingtoschoolisagoodwaytoreducepollution.Second,weshouldplanttreeseveryspringtoprotectthesoilfrombeingwashedaway.Third,it’salsoimportanttorecycleeverythinguseful.Weshouldkeepourschoolcleanbypickingupanylitter.Finally,remembertoturnoffthewatertapsafterfinishingwashingandturnoffthelightswhenleavingtheclassroom.Inaword,onlywhenweformthegoodhabitofenvironmentalprotectioncanwemaketheearthmorebeautifultomorrow.写作(二)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2021·山东高三三模)Onemorningonmywaytoschool,noticedanelderlywomandressedina
yellowvest(马甲)carryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具).“What’sthatladydoing?”Iaskedmum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun,”mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun?”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI'dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledandwavedathereachtimeIsawher.Later,Imovedtohighschool.ThetimeIsawrubbishhereandthereIfeltreallyannoyed.ThenI’dthink,“Whyisn’tanyonepickingupthisrubbish?Peoplearesoinconsiderate?”However,shortlyafter,Irealizedpickinguptherubbishwasnotsomeoneease’sproblem.NowIcouldn’twalkpastlitterwithoutfeelingguilty.Ivolunteeredtocleanuprubbisharoundourschool.Strangeasitmightsound,pickinguplitterwaskindofathrillforme!Infact,Iwassodeterminedthatformy17thbirthdayIboughtmyselfarubbishclaw,reusableglovesandareflectivesafetyyellowvestwithmyownnameonit.Duringmyfirstattemptinmystylishequipment,metwithunfriendlylooksfromothersasifIwereacriminaldoingcommunityservice.Oneday,Ihadanepiphany(顿悟):“I’mactingjustlikeVestLady!”Buttherewastoomuchrubbisharound,cigaretteendslitteredabout,cansrollingonthestreet,piecesofpaperhiddeninthegrassandplastic.alonewastooweakJHowwouldIgetmorevolunteersinvolvedinrubbishremoval?Asmartideaflashedintomymind.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para1:SoonIcreatedmywebsitegopickingupcom.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2:Moreandmorepeopleonvestswiththeirownnames.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】SoonIcreatedmywebsitego.pickingup.com.OnthewebsiteIlaunchedarubbishremovalcampaign.Idescribedmypurpose－callingonvolunteerstopickuprubbish.Ipostedpicturesofrubbishlitteredaboutonthewebsite,whichcouldnotonlyillustratetheseveresituationbutalsoshowthatalargenumberofvolunteerswereingreatneed.Besides,IsharedthestoryofVestLadywhoinfluencedmesomuch.Surprisingly,mywebsitegraduallybecameabighitontheinternet.Moreandmorepeopleputonvestswiththeirownnames.Volunteerscouldbeseenpickinguprubbishintheirsparetime.Theyellowvestsmadebeautifulsceneryintheparkoronthestreet.Withourjointefforts,theenvironmentbecamebetterandbetter.Whatdelightedmemostwasthatpeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionwasimproved.Therubbishremovalcampaignwasabigsuccess.ThankstoVestLadywhorootedthesenseofenvironmentalprotectioninmymind,morepeoplebecameVestLady.
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