《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题八　名词性从句

专题八　名词性从句 -2-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I’mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2.(2018·北京卷)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewhere/whatwearenow.3.(2018·北京卷)Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.4.(2018·天津卷)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.5.(2018·江苏卷)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.6.(2017·天津卷)Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t. -3-高考感悟考点归纳7.(2017·北京卷)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.8.(2017·北京卷)Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival. -4-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.that→where2.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.how→what3.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.去掉where或where→that -5-高考感悟考点归纳考点一名词性从句的引导词 -6-高考感悟考点归纳考点二主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。ExactlywhenthepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。 -7-高考感悟考点归纳Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.→Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.她肯定会成功。 -8-高考感悟考点归纳2.it做形式主语的常见句型(1)Itis+名词(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等)+that从句。Itisnosurprisethatwewillwinthematch.我们将会赢得比赛这一点也不惊奇。(2)Itis+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+that从句。Itiscertainthathewillcome.他会来,这一点很肯定。(3)Itis+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+that从句。ItissaidthatMr.Smithhasarrived.据说史密斯先生已经到了。 -9-高考感悟考点归纳考点三宾语从句1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数及物动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候到来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhatyou’reafraidtodo.振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕做的事。It’sgoodtoknowthatthedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.我认为你不对。 -10-高考感悟考点归纳2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。I’msurethattheycanmakeit.我确定他们会成功。 -11-高考感悟考点归纳考点四表语从句1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.对足球明星来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhat/whateverhappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身上的事情。ThemessageofSavingPrivateRyanisthathumanswantpeace,notwar.《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。 -12-高考感悟考点归纳2.主句主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourcourse.他建议我们改变航线。3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。Thereasonfortheaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocareless.事故的原因是司机太大意。 -13-高考感悟考点归纳4.because,asif,asthough,as等也可引导表语从句。Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。 -14-高考感悟考点归纳考点五同位语从句同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。ItwassadnewsthatamusicprofessorinBeijingcommittedsuicidedaysago.几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。Peopleallovertheworldhaveadreamthattheywillalwaysliveapeacefullife.全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过着和平的生活。 -15-高考感悟考点归纳2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoideawhyhedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗?——是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkilltheking.故事流传说威廉·泰尔确实杀了国王。 -16-高考感悟考点归纳4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。Youcancomplain,butIdoubtwhetheritwillmakeanydifference.你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。Thereisnodoubtthatwewillhaveanexamnextweek.毫无疑问下周我们要考试。 -17-高考感悟考点归纳考点六whether与if引导的从句whether与if当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if:1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。Whetheryouareongoodtermswithyourclassmateswillaffectyourmood.你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。Weshoulddiscussthequestionwhetherwecanfinishitontimecarefully.我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。Italldependsonwhethertheywilllendusthemoney.这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。 -18-高考感悟考点归纳4.后面直接跟“ornot”时。Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinBeijing.我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。5.后接动词不定式时。Idon’tknowwhethertogototheparty.我不知道是否去参加聚会。 -19-高考感悟考点归纳考点七that,what与which1.that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。Thathefailedtheexammademesurprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)他考试没及格令我很惊讶。Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalittlecareless.除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。 -20-高考感悟考点归纳2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“……的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhatmymotherusedtotellme.(what指“……说的话”)“每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶。”这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.(做for的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”)船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。Youwillknowwhatsideeffectthemedicinebringsabout.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”) -21-高考感悟考点归纳你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。Helivesinwhatwecall“springcity”.(表示“……的地方”)=Helivesintheplacethatwecall“springcity”.他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。Youdon’tknowwhatgoodstudentstheyare.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)你不知道他们是多么好的学生。 -22-高考感悟考点归纳3.which引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。Tellmewhichbookyoulikebetter,theredoneortheblueone?Iwillbuythebookwhichyouchooseforyou.告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的?我给你买你选中的那本。4.AistoBwhatCistoD.A对于B就像C对于D一样。Airistouswhatwateristofish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。 -23-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.单句填空1.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.2.Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.3.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.4.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.5.Generallyspeaking,beinghard-workingisjustwhatittakestobesuccessfulinyourcareer.6.Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface. -24-ⅠⅡⅢ7.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.8.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknowwhether/ifshe’llacceptit.9.Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.10.Thenoticecamearoundtwoo’clockintheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbeputoff. -25-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.单句改错1.It’suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.that→whether2.ThisisafactthatEnglishiswidelyusedasaninternationallanguage.This→It3.Whenwe’llfinishtranslatingthebookdependonthetime.depend→depends4.Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasbecausehewastoocareless.because→that5.Atthemeetingheraisedaquestioniftheprojectwouldbecancelled.if→whether -26-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.语篇填空Andrewwasgoingforasalesjobinterview.Heknewhehadtheleastexperiencetogetthejob.Infacthewasn’tevensure1.howhe’dgottheinterview.2.Whathedidknowwasthathewasverythankfulfortheopportunitygiventohim.Thoughtheinterview3.went(go)well,itwasimpressedonhimagain4.thatcomparedwiththeothercandidateshedidn’thavetheability5.toget(get)thejob.Asheleftthebuilding,hegavethereceptionist6.anenvelop.Insidewasathank-younotefortheman7.who/thathadjustinterviewedhim,thankinghimforhistimeandfortheopportunity. -27-ⅠⅡⅢThatevening,Andrewgotacall8.telling(tell)himthathe’dgotthejob.Hisnewemployerknewclearly9.thatitwasn’tAndrew’squalificationthatgothimthejob,buthisthank-younote.IfAndrewwasabletobethankfulatthisstage,hewouldbeabletobuildpositiverelationshipswithhiscustomers,whichwasexactly10.whatthecompanywaslookingfor.BeinggratefulwonAndrewthejob.