专题突破第二部分第一板块 阅读专题一 阅读理解第2讲 推理判断题
栏目导航02高考例析03追踪练习04课后作业01考点突破
01考点突破
(2019全国卷Ⅱ，B篇)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup，“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”02高考例析
I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend－of－seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.
Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?()1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraphl?A．Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B．Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C．Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D．She'sunabletomeetherschedule.
()2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A．Encourageteamwork.B．Appealtofeelings.C．Promotegooddeeds.D．Provideadvice.()3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A．Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B．Sheisproudofherkids.C．She'llworkforanotherseason.D．Shebecomesagoodhelper.
()4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A．Itgivesherasenseofduty.B．Itmakesherveryhappy.C．Itenableshertoworkhard.D．Itbringshermaterialrewards.【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
【思路点拨】1．C推理判断题。由第一段“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”可以推断出，她并非自愿，故选C。2．B词义猜测题。由于第二段中“tugattheheartstrings”意为“触动心弦”，encourageteamwork意为“鼓励团队合作”，appealtofeeling意为“感情用事”，promotegooddeeds意为“提倡好的行为”，provideadvice意为“提供建议”。从各个选项的大意看来，本题正确选项应为B。
3．D推理判断题。由第三段“thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam”可知，家长最终会成为这个团队中的非常重要的一员，也是这个团队非常好的帮手，故选D。4．B推理判断题。由最后一段“I'mprettysurevolunteering…intheprocess…”可知，作者认为志愿者的工作可以让她得到快乐，并且志愿去帮助他人会让她感到很棒，故选B。
(2018全国卷Ⅱ，C)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13－year－oldsand9percentof17－year－oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”
Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe－readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.
Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.
()1.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A．Children'sreadinghabits.B．Qualityofchildren'sbooks.C．Children'safter－classactivities.D．Parent－childrelationships.()2.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”？A．Inparagraph2.B．Inparagraph3.C．Inparagraph4.D．Inparagraph5.
()3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A．E－booksareofpoorquality.B．Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C．Itmayharmchildren'shealth.D．E－readersareexpensive.()4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A．Actasrolemodelsforthem.B．Askthemtowritebookreports.C．Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D．Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.
【语篇解读】据本周一公布的一份CommonSenseMedia报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣、阅读的时间、阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。【思路点拨】1．A推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣、孩子们阅读的时间、孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。
2．B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13－year－oldsand9percentof17－year－oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday”可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。3．C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“manyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime”可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。
4．A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.”可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子们的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们做榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。
03追踪练习(2019全国卷Ⅲ，C)Beforethe1830s，mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.
Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830，butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell－knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase“pennypaper”caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.
Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet”didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.()1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A．Academic.B．Unattractive.C．Inexpensive.D．Confidential.
()2.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A．Theywouldbepricedhigher.B．Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C．Theycouldhavemorereaders.D．Theycouldregainpublictrust.()3.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A．Localpoliticians.B．Commonpeople.C．Youngpublishers.D．Richbusinessmen.
()4.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A．Itwasadifficultprocess.B．Itwasatemporarysuccess.C．Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D．Itwasadisasterforprinters.【语篇解读】全文以时间为线索讲述了报纸从富人专属到街头售卖，成为“pennypaper”的过程。1．B推理判断题。根据关键词“beforethe1830s”定位到第一段，由“mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience”可知那时候的报纸并不吸引人，选项B符合。academic意为“学院的，学究的”，inexpensive意为“不贵的”，confidential意为“机密的”。
2．C细节理解题。由第三段可知，由于“streetsales”的出现，导致报纸成本降低，因此购买报纸的读者变得更多，故选择C。3．B细节理解题。根据第二段“Thetrend,then,wastowardthe‘pennypaper’—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.”可知，新趋势的目标是普通人，故选B。4．A推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor‘themanonthestreet’didnotbeginwell.”可知这种报纸诞生的过程很艰难，故选A。
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