UNIT3FoodandCultureA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AItisgenerallybelievedthatporridgedoesn'thaveatastyname.However,I'mheretotrytoconvinceyouthatporridgeisn'ttasteless.Instead,itcanbeadelicious,1.________(convenience)andveryhealthywaytostarttheday.Porridgeisatypeoffood2.________(serve)forbreakfast.Itisatypeofgrainmixedwitheithermilkorwater.Porridgeis3.________(thick)thanliquidanditisveryeasytodigest.Itisregardedasagoodoptionforpeople4.________areill,sinceitcanprovidelonglastingenergyfortheday.Porridgepreparation,suchastheamountofingredientsandcookingtime5.________(depend)onwhatyouchoosetouseasyourporridgebase.6.________it'scooked,thefunpartistoaddtheflavours.Porridgeislikeablankpieceofpaper,soyoucanaddalmostanythingyouwant7.________theporridgebase.Seeds,nutsanddriedfruitareveryhealthy8.________(choose)toadd.Oneofthebest9.________(thing)aboutporridgeisthatyoucanmakeitalmostanywhereintheworld.Eitheroatsormaize10.________(be)verycommonforpeopleacrosstheworld.Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们饮食中最常见的食物——粥。1.convenient 考查形容词。and连接delicious，convenient和healthy三个并列的形容词。2.served 考查非谓语动词。food和serve之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词形式作后置定语。3.thicker 考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式thicker。4.who 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，指代先行词people，在句中作主语。5.depends 考查动词的时态与语态。主语Porridgepreparation...为单数形式，且文章整体时态为现在时态，故此处用depends。6.Once/When 考查连词。句意：一旦/当做起来，有趣的部分是增加调味。7.to 考查介词。add...to...为固定短语，意为“把……加入……中”。8.choices 考查名词。形容词healthy修饰名词，choice为可数名词，故此处用复数形式。9.things 考查名词。oneof后接名词复数，故此处用thing的复数形式things。10.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。either...or...遵循就近原则，此处谓语动词形式应和maize保持一致，maize为单数形式，又根据上下文语境可知，应用一般现在时，故此处用is。BMochi(年糕)isatraditionalfoodpopularinChineseandJapanesecooking,madefrom1.________(special)treatedrice.Itisoftenpresentedintheformofaroundcake,andistraditionallyexchangedattheNewYear.
Mochiismadeby2.________(put)stickyriceintowaterovernight,cookingitandpoundingitintoastickypaste.Thepasteismadeintoshapesrangingfromsimpletocomplexrounds,someof3.________arestuffedwithsweetfillings.Mochiisoftendecoratedwith4.________(flower)orfruits,especiallywhenitisexchangedas5.________giftatcelebrationslikebirthdaysandtheNewYear.Traditionally,woodenmortars(臼)andpestles(杵)6.________(use)topoundmochirice.Freshmochiisusuallycookedandservedwarm7.________avarietyofsauces.SteamingandboilingarebothpopularpreparationsinJapan,alongwithcooking.Freshmochiissoftbutithardensquickly.Prepackedmochiblocks,flattenedandcutintosquarepiecesor8.________(shape)intorounds,areavailableatgrocerystores.Mochicangobadeasily,soit's9.________(good)tocooksoonthantokeepitinyourfridge.Hardmochipiecescanbecooked,deepfried,boiled,andmore.Cookedmochiisverysticky,sobecarefulnot10.________(choke)onit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国和日本受欢迎的传统食物——年糕及其制作过程等内容。1.specially 考查副词。此处要用副词修饰过去分词treated，故填specially。2.putting 考查非谓语动词。by是介词，表示“通过……”，后接动名词形式作宾语，故填putting。3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rounds，故填关系代词which。4.flowers 考查名词。根据orfruits可知，此处也要用名词复数，故填flowers。5.a 考查冠词。gift为可数名词，此处修饰名词gift，且gift以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a，表示泛指。6.areused 考查动词时态和语态。主语为woodenmortarsandpestles，谓语动词要用复数形式，且与use构成被动关系，又因为全文时态为一般现在时，故填areused。7.with 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处用介词with表示“与……一起”，故填with。8.shaped 考查非谓语动词。根据or前的flattenedandcut可知，此处也要用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填shaped。9.better 考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级，故填better。10.tochoke 考查非谓语动词。becarefultodosth.为固定词组，表示“小心做某事”，故填tochoke。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.新西兰主要由两个大岛组成，其中大一些的岛屿是南岛。①NewZealandis_mainly_made_up_oftwobigislands,thelargerofwhichistheSouthIsland.(bemadeupof)②NewZealandmainly_consists_oftwobigislands,thelargerofwhichistheSouthIsland.
(consistof)2.了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这些诗。(contribute)KnowingthehistoryoftheTangDynastywillcontribute_to_your_understanding_of_the_poems.3.我的确希望你能在你方便时给我一些宝贵的建议。(助动词加强语气)I_do_hopeyoucangivemesomevaluabletipsatyourconvenience.4.有人对她搞恶作剧，在那些台阶的顶部拉了一根绳子。(trick)Someonehadplayed_a_trick_on_her,stretchedapieceofstringatthetopofthosesteps.5.这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)Thesetravellersreturnedtothehotel,tired_and_sleepy.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AWearewhatweeat.Thatisanoldexpression,butoneworthknowing.Arecentlookatdietsaroundtheworldshowsthatpeoplewhoeathealthyfood—andnottoomuchofit—livelonger.Butwhichareasoftheworldhavethebestdiets?Researchersfoundthatfoodsinsomeofthehealthiestdiets—Mediterraneandiet,NewNordicdiet,JapanesedietandFrenchdiet—maybeverydifferent,buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods,whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat.Mediterraneandietcontainslotsoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,nutsandoliveoil.Thediethasproperamountsoffishandpoultry(家禽肉).Redmeatandfoodshighinsugarandsaltarenotbigpartsofthisdiet.NewNordicdiethaswholegrainslikeoatsandrye,vegetablessuchascarrots,broccoliandeggs,seafood,fruits,oil,lowfatmilkandcheese.Sugarydessertsarenotcommoninthisdiet.Japanesepeoplearesomeofthelongestlivingpeopleontheplanet,withwomenupto87yearsoldandmenupto80.TheJapanesedietisthereasonforsuchlengthsoflife.Thediethasmanyfoodsthatarelowincaloriesandhighinnutrients.Japanesepeopleeatalotofseaweed,tofu,rice,vegetablesandfish.Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.However,Frenchpeopleeatfattyfoodsbutdonotgetfat.Andtheylivealongtime.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe“FrenchParadox”.ThereasonwhytheFrencheatfattyfoodswithoutgettingfatmaybesimple.Theyeatless.ServingsizesinFrenchrestaurantsandofproductssoldinstoresaresmallerthanthoseinmostcountries.Andgenerallyspeaking,mostFrenchpeopledonotsnack.Thismeanstheydonoteatfoodbetweenmeals.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthehealthiestdietsaroundtheworld?A.Theycontainabundantcalories.B.Theytendtobeexpensive.
C.Theysharecertainsimilarities.D.Theyreflectpopulartastes.2.WhatisconsideredasaharmfuleatinghabitinJapanesetradition?A.Goinglowincalories.B.Eatingtothefullest.C.Havingmuchseafood.D.Pickingmanyfoods.3.Howdoestheauthordevelopthecentralideainthelast4paragraphs?A.Bybuildingconnections.B.Byexploringreasons.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Byanalysingfigures.4.Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatIstheHealthiestDietonEarth?B.HowDoestheOldExpressionServe?C.WhyIsaHealthyDietSoImportant?D.WhereCanWeFeedOurselvesWell?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“maybeverydifferent,buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods,whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C。2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B。3.C 写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。4.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作为文章标题最合适。BAfewweeksago,scientistsatUkraine'sVernadskyResearchBaseinAntarcticafoundtheirusuallywhitesurroundswerecoveredinashockingbloodred.Forsuchamess,theculpritsbehindthishorriblescenearetiny.“OurscientistshaveidentifiedthemunderamicroscopeasChlamydomonasnivalis(雪地衣藻)，”saidtheNationalAntarcticScientificCentreofUkraineinaFacebookpost.Thesegreenalgae,atypeofseaweed,arecommoninallicyandsnowyregionsofEarth,fromtheArctictohighmountainregions.Theyliestillduringthefreezingwinter,butoncethesunlight
warmsenoughtosoftentheirworld,thealgaeawake,makinguseofthemeltwaterandsunlighttorapidlybloom.“Thealgaeneedliquidwaterinordertobloom，”UniversityofLeedsmicrobiologistSteffiLutztoldGizmodoin2016.“Thealgalbloomscontributetoclimatechange，”thecentrestated.Astudyin2016showedthatsnowalgalbloomscandecreasetheamountoflightreflectedfromthesnowbyupto13percentacrossonemeltseasonintheArctic.“Thiswillsurelyresultinhighermeltrates，”theresearcherswrote.In2017environmentalscientistscalculatedthatmicrobialcommunitiescontributedtooverasixthofthesnowmeltwheretheywerepresentinAlaskanicefields.Theirexperimentsshowedthatareaswithmoremeltwaterledtothegrowthof50percentmorealgaeandplaceswithmorealgaemeltedfurther.ThisAntarcticsummerhascertainlyseenalotmoremeltwaterthanusual.Temperaturerecordskeepchanging,leadingtorapidmeltingatascalepreviouslyonlyseenintheNorthernHemisphere.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“culprits”inParagraph1mean?A.Risks. B.Chances.C.Effects.D.Criminals.6.WhatcanweknowaboutChlamydomonasnivalis?A.Theycanbefoundanywhere.B.Theyaresensitivetotemperature.C.Theygrowslowerthanbefore.D.Theysurviveonlyonemeltseason.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.IceandsnowwillsoondisappearintheAntarctic.B.Microbialcommunitiesbringaboutextremeweathers.C.TheSouthernHemisphereiswarmerthantheotherparts.D.Climatechangeandalgaegrowthinteractwitheachother.8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhySnowTurnedBloodredB.HowAlgaeBeganintheArcticC.WhyClimateChangesGreatlyD.HowtheSnowReflectsSunlight【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了几周前，乌克兰南极洲弗纳德斯基研究基地的科学家们发现，他们平时洁白的四周被一片触目惊心的血红色所覆盖，而造成这一现象的背后原因是雪地衣藻。文章介绍了雪地衣藻的习性以及其与气候变化之间相互影响的关系。5.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“behindthishorriblescenearetiny”可知，此处指造成周围一片触目惊心的血红色这一恐怖场景背后的“罪犯”
是小小的雪地衣藻。由此可知，画线单词“culprits”的意思为“罪犯”。故选D。6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theyliestillduringthefreezingwinter,butoncethesunlightwarmsenoughtosoftentheirworld,thealgaeawake,makinguseofthemeltwaterandsunlighttorapidlybloom.”可知，雪地衣藻对温度很敏感。故选B。7.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘Thealgaeneedliquidwaterinordertobloom，’UniversityofLeedsmicrobiologistSteffiLutztoldGizmodoin2016.‘Thealgalbloomscontributetoclimatechange，’thecentrestated.”可推知，气候变化与藻类生长相互作用。故选D。8.A 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Afewweeksago,scientistsatUkraine'sVernadskyResearchBaseinAntarcticafoundtheirusuallywhitesurroundswerecoveredinashockingbloodred.”并结合文章说明了造成这一现象的背后原因是雪地衣藻，介绍了雪地衣藻的习性，以及其与气候变化之间相互影响的关系可知，A选项“雪为什么会变成血红色”最符合文章标题。故选A。Ⅱ.读后续写(2021·全国重点中学模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Aboulder(巨石),asbigasahouse.That'showtheguidebookdescribedGiantRock.Dadsaiditarrivedheremillionsofyearsago.Iwasfinallygoingtoseeit,insnowshoes,withmytwooldercousins,mydad,andmyuncleDon.I'dbeensnowshoeingbefore,andIlikedtheadventureofhikingthroughdeepsnow.Attheparkingarea,afterputtingonoursnowshoes，westudiedthemap.Duetothegeographicallocation,electricaldevicesareinaccessiblehere.Themapisouronlyguide.“Westarthere，”Dadsaid,“ontheredtrail(小路).Thenweturnleftontothepurpleroad.That'swhereGiantRockis.”“Remembertosticktogetheranddon'twanderoff,guys，”UncleDonsaid.Thetrailranuphillalongsideastonewall.Itwaseasytofollowbecauseredmarkerswerenailedtothetreesandthesnowhadbeenpackeddownbyotherhikers.Atthetopofthehill,weturnedontothepurpletrail.Wesettledintoapattern,withDadandeveryoneelseinfrontandmeintheback,crunching(嘎吱嘎吱地踩)throughthesnow.Isawlotsofanimaltracks—mostlydeer,squirrel,andrabbitprints.Asthetrailwounddown,mycousinAndrewsaidwhatI'dbeenthinking:“WillweeverreachGiantRock？”MycousinAidensmiledandturnedtome,“Luke,doyouthinkyourdadinventedthisideajusttogetusawayfromtheTVforawhile？”Ilaughed.“Youneverknow.”Finally,weclimbedahillandsawthemassivebouldersittingaloneintheforest.Itreallyisasbigasahouse!MycousinsandIhighfivedeachotherandjoggeduntilwestoodatthebase,breathless.Standingintheboulder'sbroadshadow,Inoticedthesunhadsunklower.“Let'sheadback，”Dadsaidafterafewminutes.“Therewillbeseveralcrossroadsonthewayback.Guys,keepupwiththeteam.”Soonwewerecrunchcrunchcrunchingourwayhome.Iwasalittlebehindthegroupwhenweapproachedacrossroads.AndInoticedasetofanimaltracks
Ididn'trecognise,soIfollowedthemforacloserlook.注意：续写词数应为150左右。IlookedupwhenIsuddenlyrealisedhowquietithadgotten._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asgoingworriedly,Iheardvoices,someonecallingfaraway.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】IlookedupwhenIsuddenlyrealisedhowquietithadgotten.“Whereiseveryone？”Ishouted.Nothing.Theycouldn'thavegonefar.I'llcatchupifIhurry.Afterashortwalk,IcametothecrossroadswhereIcouldturnleftorgostraight,butbothtrailshadredmarkers.Iturnedtotheleftwhichlookedfamiliar.AsIstrode,itgotquieterandquieter.IworriedIwanderedoff.Soonitmightbetoodarktotellwhatcolourthemarkerswere.Ihadnoflashlight.Nophone.WhatifIcouldn'tfindmywayback?Asgoingworriedly,Iheardvoices,someonecallingfaraway.ThenInoticedthestonewall,thetrailrunningalongsideit.Thishadtoberight.Irusheddownhillwithbigsteps.Then,thebestsightever:theparkingarea—andmyfamily!IshoutedasIrantowardthem.“Luke?AreyouOK？”ThevoiceofDadwasurgent.Heshinedaflashlightinmydirection.I'donlybeenlostforminutes,butithadfeltlikeforever.NowallIwantedwasabearhugfromDadandtomaketracksforhome.
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