UNIT2MoralsandVirtues三言两语1.Withgreatdeterminationandperseverance,sheiscommittedtohelpingtheblindanddeafchildren,whichwillmakeagreatcontributiontocharity.2.After1965,shewasengagedincharityandbecameafamouspersonbothathomeandabroad.3.Owingtothefactthatshecandowhatevershehaschosentodowithgreatperseverance,shehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.1.总之，居里夫人被认为是世界上第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的伟大科学家。Inaword,MadameCurieisregardedasthegreatscientistwhoisthefirstintheworldto_wintwoNobelPrizes.2.由于她对世界的巨大贡献，她已经成为第一个获得最高奖的女士。Due_to_her_great_contribution_totheworld,shehasbecomethefirstwomantowinthehighestaward.核心单词[默写识记]根据汉语释义写出单词 1.accidentn.事故；车祸；失事 2.operationn.手术；企业；经营3.majorityn.大部分；大多数4.appointvt.任命；委派5.tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于6.replacevt.接替；取代；更换7.whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传8.assistvt.帮助；援助9.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害10.memoryn.记忆力；回忆11.publishvt.发表(作品)；出版12.thereforeadv.因此；所以13.scholarshipn.奖学金14.hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用
15.colleaguen.同事；同僚16.importn.进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进17.exportn.出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播18.flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的19.incomen.收入；收益20.despairn.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望 [语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However,themajority(major)ofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.2.It'sreportedthattwoexpertshavejustbeenappointedto_look(look)intothecauseoftheaccident.3.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbe_replaced(replace)withcomputersinclass.4.Itis_whispered(whisper)thatthemanwascaughtstealingcellphonesinthesupermarket.5.Theguidemanagedto_assist(assist)thetouriststofindsomewheretoliveduringtheOlympics.6.Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichseriouslyharms(harm)theirhealth.续表拓展单词[词汇变形]根据汉语释义写出单词及其变化形式 1.illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustrationn．说明；图解；图示；(书或文章的)插图2.complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn.抱怨；投诉3.marriagen.结婚；婚姻→marryvi.&vt.结婚→marriedadj.已婚的4.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.反应；回答；回复5.rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决6.electvt.选举；推选→electionn.选举；推选；当选7.retirevi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→retiredadj.退休的；离职的→retirementn.退休8.scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaryadj.引起恐慌的9.sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharpenvi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharpenern.磨具；削具10.energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energyn.能量；能力
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空 1.AnumberofcomplaintsaboutthestandardofserviceonBritain'srailwaysarereceivedandmanypeoplearecomplaining.(complain)2.Noneofthestudentsrespondedtohisquestion;thatistosay,hisquestionfailedtogetaresponsefromanyofthestudents.(respond)3.Theygotmarriedtenyearsago,buttheirmarriageendedindivorce.(marry)4.Muchtohisdisappointment,hisapplicationwas_rejectedbythecompanyandhereceivedarejectionletter.(reject)5.Heretiredtwoyearsago,andafterhisretirementhetookuppaintingashishobby.(retire)阅读单词【教师用书独具】1.moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意 2.virtuen.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质3.dilemman.进退两难的境地；困境4.faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的5.preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的6.entrustvt.委托；交付7.tuitionn.(小组)教学；讲课8.feen.专业服务费；报酬9.unionn.协会；联合会；工会10.physiciann.医师；(尤指)内科医生11.clinicn.诊所；门诊部12.farawayadj.遥远的13.decaden.十年；十年期14.elsewhereadv.在别处；去别处15.perprep.每；每一16.staffn.员工；全体职员17.savingn.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款18.kindergartenn.学前班；幼儿园19.principlen.道德原则；法则；原则20.passiveadj.被动的；顺从的21.insurancen.保险；保险业22.midnightn.子夜；午夜23.polen.(行星的)极；地极24.lapn.(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
25.bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；蜇n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤26.lipn.嘴唇27.chairmann.主席；主持人；董事长28.chainn.一连串(人或事)；链子；链条29.cafén.咖啡馆；小餐馆30.waitressn.(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者31.pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的32.disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具33.cartn.手推车；运货马车34.spillvt.&vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出35.limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走36.mightn.力量；威力37.fablen.寓言；寓言故事38.courtn.(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭39.tensionn.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑40.tearn.眼泪；泪水续表熟词生义1.(2020·浙江卷)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.敏捷的2.(2020·浙江1月卷)WhenImademymajorlifedecisions,Iwasstillthatlittlegirltearingfullspeedacrossthelawn.狂奔3.(全国卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythreemontholdtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitsmother.抛弃4.(2018·天津卷)Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.运行高频短语短语应用1.carry_sb._through_sth.帮助某人渡过难关2.pass_away去世3.in_memory_of作为对……的纪念4.trip_over被……绊倒 [语境运用1]填入一个适当的词 1.Agreatdealofmoneyisduetoyou;pleasegivemeyourbankaccount.2.Afterhearingthebadnews,hesoongaveuptheattemptindespair.3.It'ssaidthatfilmwillbemadeinmemoryof
5.in_tears流着泪；含着泪6.in_despair处于绝望中7.a_great_deal_(of)大量8.crash_into撞到……9.pick_oneself_up(跌倒后)站起来thosebravefirefighters.[语境运用2]填入一个适当的词 Whenhisfatherpassed1.away,hefeltverysadandwas2.intearsallday.Inordertocarryhim3.throughthegreatdifficulty,wedecidedtohaveachatwithhim.教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.thefirst/second/...＋n.＋todosth.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOBGYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.我的朋友莉莉总是我们班上第一个回答出老师问题的学生。MyfriendLilyisalwaysthe_first_student_to_answer_the_teachers'_questions.2.同位语Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)withtheWenhaiScholarship,thehighestprizegiventograduates.经过一年的努力学习，他获得了我们学校的一等奖，一份5000元的奖学金。Afterayear'shardwork,hereceivedthefirstprizeofourschool,thescholarshipthatisworth5,000yuan.3.现在分词短语作状语Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.面临如此大的挑战，我们从未放弃而是努力寻找出路。Facing_such_a_great_challenge,wenevergiveupbuttryourbesttofindawayout.1.majorityn.大部分；大多数(1)a/themajorityof...大多数……inthe/amajority构成大部分/大多数(2)majorn.&v.主修；专业adj.较大的；主要的majorin主修……；以……为专业(3)minorityn.少数(4)minoradj.小的；不很重要的；不很严重的“the/amajorityof＋名词”表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。[词块]
amajorityofthestudentstakingpartintheinterview参加面试的大部分学生majorinadvancedmaths主修高等数学单句语法填空①Onethirdofthecountryis(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.②Onlyaminority(minor)ofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletakingthesubwaytoworkareinthe/amajority.③(北京卷)Infact,heinspiresmetomajorinEnglishincollege,tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.词汇升级(普通表达)Whenitcomestoeducation,mostpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.④(高级表达)Whenitcomestoeducation,the_majority_ofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.2.appointvt.任命；委派(1)appointmentn.任命；指派；约会；约定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会keep/breakanappointment守/失约(2)appoint...(as)＋职位任命……为……appointsb.todosth.指派某人做某事(3)appointedadj.指定的；约定的[词块]theappointedhouroftheceremony既定的典礼时间appointanewheadteacheratmyschool我校任命了一位新校长单句语法填空①(2018·北京卷)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment(appoint)fornextWednesdayafternoon.②Mypatientdidn'tturnupattheappointedtime,thatis,shebrokeanappointment.(appoint)③(浙江卷)AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointedto_guard(guard)her.句式升级(普通表达)Hewasappointed(as)captainofthebasketballteamandledtheplayerstothe2019FIBABasketballWorldCup.④(高级表达)Appointed_(as)_captain_of_the_basketball_team,heledtheplayerstothe2019
FIBABasketballWorldCup.(分词短语作状语)3.tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(1)tend(to)sb./sth.照料，护理tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事(2)tendencyn.倾向；趋势haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事；往往会做某事thereisatendencytodosth.有一种做……的倾向[词块]tendtothesedisabledchildrencarefully细心地照顾这些残疾的孩子们haveatendencytogrowinthemoreruralareas倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)WhileItendto_buy(buy)alotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.②Thesortofmusichelistenstovaries,buthetendstopopularmusic.完成句子我妈妈总是忙于照顾我妹妹，所以为了养家，我父亲必须努力工作。③Mymumwasalwaysbusytending_to_my_younger_sister,somyfatherhadtoworkhardtosupportourfamily.4.replacevt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处(1)replace...with/by...用……替换；以……接替(2)taketheplaceof/takeone'splace代替inplaceof.../inone'splace代替(3)replacementn.[U]更换；替换[C]替换的人(物)[词块]replacethemagazinesafterreading杂志阅读后放回原处单句语法填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwithjoy.ItjuststartedlickingEhlers'face.②Mostscientistsagreethatcomputerscan'tcompletelytaketheplaceofhumans.一句多译找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。③Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanin_place_ofthepresentmanager.④Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanto_replacethepresentmanager.
⑤Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanto_take_the_place_ofthepresentmanager.5.whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传(1)whispersth.tosb.对某人窃窃私语；向某人低声说……Itis/waswhisperedthat...据传闻……(2)inawhisper/whispers(＝inalowvoice)低声地；耳语地[词块]whisperthesecrettooneofherbestfriends向她最好的一个朋友悄声说了这个秘密单句语法填空①Theyaretalkinginawhisperinordernottowakeupthesleepingbaby.②Itwas_whispered(whisper)thathewouldsoondieandhedid.一句多译人们私下说，他正在准备一个大型聚会。③Peoplewhispered_thathewaspreparingabigparty.(whisperv．)④Peoplesaidin_a_whisper/in_whispersthathewaspreparingabigparty.(whispern．)⑤Peoplesaidin_a_low_voicethathewaspreparingabigparty.(voice)⑥It_was_whispered_thathewaspreparingabigparty.(it作形式主语)6.assistvt.帮助；援助(1)assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.with/insth.帮助某人某事assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事(2)assistancen.帮助；协助cometoone'sassistance援助某人withtheassistanceof在……的帮助下(3)assistantn.助手；助理；售货员[词块]assistmewithmyspokenEnglish帮助我练习英语口语withtheassistanceofpeoplefromalloverthecountry在全国各地人民的帮助下单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistant(assist)professorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.②Herearesomegoodsourcesofinformationtoassistyouto_make(make)thebestselection.一句多译在我的日常生活中，我认为帮助母亲做家务是我的责任。③Inmydailylife,Ithinkitismydutyto_assist_my_mother_withthehousework.
④Inmydailylife,Ithinkitismydutyto_assist_my_mother_to_dothehousework.⑤Inmydailylife,Ithinkitismydutyto_assist_my_mother_in_doingthehousework.7.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害(1)doharmto对……造成伤害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事无害处。cometonoharm没有伤害(2)harmfuladj.有害的；造成伤害的beharmfulto...对……有害(3)harmlessadj.无害的；不会造成损伤的；无恶意的[词块]doharmtoourenvironment对我们的环境有害处beharmfultooureyesight对我们的视力有害处单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful(harm)chemicalsingroundwater.②AsfarasI'mconcerned,thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.词汇升级/句式升级(普通表达)Weknowthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodharmsourhealth.③(高级表达)What_is_known_to_usisthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodis_harmful_toourhealth.(what,harmful)④(高级表达)It_is_known_to_us_thateatingtoomuchjunkfooddoes_harm_toourhealth.(it,harm)8.inmemoryof纪念；追念inhonourof为了纪念；为向……表示敬意insearchof寻找infavourof支持；赞同inchargeof掌管inplaceof代替；取代inviewof鉴于；由于indefenceof保卫；为……辩护[词块]inmemoryofcampus怀念校园用恰当的“in＋n.＋of”型短语填空①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtin_memory_ofEarhart'sfinalflight.
②MrGreenstoodupin_defence_ofthe16yearoldboy,sayinghewasnottheonetoblame.③Thepolicewerein_search_oftwosuspectsinconnectionwiththerobbery.完成句子为了纪念四川地震的遇难者，人们建了一个纪念碑。④In_memory_ofthedeadintheSichuanearthquake,peoplesetupamonument.9.thefirst/second/...＋n.＋todosth.(教材原文)SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOBGYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她立刻成为第一名被聘为协和医院妇产科住院医师的女性。当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next,only,last等限定时，通常用动词不定式作定语。[金句](全国卷Ⅰ)In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.在1931年，亚当斯成为美国第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的女性。单句语法填空①DrYuanLongpingbecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldto_grow(grow)ricethathasahighoutput.②Chinaisthefirstcountryto_launch(launch)aquantumenabledsatelliteintospace.完成句子我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。③IwouldreallyliketointerviewYangLiweibecauseheisnotonlythe_first_Chinese_to_go_tospacebutalsoone_of_the_greatest_astronautsintheworld.用所给词的正确形式填空1.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare(be)againstit.2.Samwas_appointed(appoint)manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.3.Youmaytendto_look(look)downandawaywhengreetingsomeone.4.I'mshortofmoney,andcan'taffordanewcarto_replace(replace)myoldone.5.Theyare_whispering(whisper)aboutitandthinkingIdon'tnotice.
在空白处填入一个适当的词1.Itmakesourschooldirtyandunpleasant，anddoesharmtotheimageofourschool.2.Wewillbuildamonumentinmemoryofthosewhosacrificedtheirlivesforourcountry.3.Moreandmorepeoplehavegoodjobsandearnagreatdealofmoneyatpresent.4.It'sherhardworkandresponsibilitythatcarriedherthroughthatdifficulttime.5.Whenweheardthenewsthatsomefirefighterspassedawayinthebattleagainstthebigfire,weallfeltverysad.查缺补漏1.Totellthetruth,Iwasindespairatthatmoment.2.Inthepark,athreeyearoldchildpickedhimselfupwithouthismother'shelp.3.Scullinisanassistant(assist)professoratBaylorandthedirectorofitsSleepNeuroscienceandCognitionLaboratory.4.TheotherdayIcameacrossoneofmyformerteachersinthesupermarket,whichmadebothofusveryexcited.5.Asisknowntoall,beingexposedtothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmful(harm)toyourskin.【教师用书独具】单元话题语篇练(2020·东北三省联考)GoingtoDisneyWorldisatthetopofmanychildren'sdreamlists.SowhenJermaineBellfromSouthCarolinaturneddowntheopportunitytogotothe1.magical(magic)destinationforhisseventhbirthdayinordertoputthemoneytowardhelpingthose2.whohadtofleetheirhomesbecauseofHurricaneDorian,wecouldn'thelpbut3.be_impressed(impress)withhisgenerosity.Theyoungboyaskedhisparentstousethemoneyforthetriptobuyfoodforthose4.inneed.Hesetupastand(摊位)onHighway125,givingoutwater,chips,andhotdogstothosewho5.were_trying(try)toreachsafety.What'smore,theyoungsteralsoprayedforthepeoplethatrisked6.losing(lose)theirhomes.AshisgrandmotherArethaGrantshared:“HeactuallyevenprayedforafamilywhiletheywerehereinreferencetotheirhousebeingOKwhentheygotback,7.so/andthatwasreallyteardropping.”It's8.inspiring(inspire)toseesuchgenerosityandconcernforothersisonesoyoung.Andweonlyhopehisbirthdayprovestobeasspecialasheis.Whatisequallyimpressive9.is(be)Bell'spatience—accordingtokake.com.He'shappytowaitforanotheropportunitytogotoDisneyWorld,especially10.to_visit(visit)theAnimalKingdomandhaveaLionKingparty.单元话题写作练
1.补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)①我们都知道生命是宝贵的。Everyoneknowslifeisprecious.②然而，我的朋友王东只在乎他的工作。However,myfriendWangDongonlycares_abouthiswork.③作为我们医院的一名内科医生，他总是第一个来、最后一个走，并且经常工作到深夜。Asaphysicianinourhospital,heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave,andoftenworksuntilmidnight.④在同事间他的名声很好。Hehasagoodreputationamonghiscolleagues.⑤三年前，王医生被选为医院的副院长。Threeyearsago,DrWangwas_electedvicedirectorofthehospital.⑥因为他的人生准则和努力工作，尤其是他在人们心中的高尚品德，他去年被我们市工会委派为全国人大代表。Becauseofhisprincipleoflifeandhardwork,especiallyhisgreatvirtueinpeople'smind,hewasappointedasarepresentativeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressbytheunioninourcitylastyear.⑦王医生总是精力充沛，对病人负责，无私地照顾病人、培训新医生。DrWangisalwaysenergeticandresponsibleforthepatients,tendingpatientsselflesslyandtrainingthenewdoctors.⑧他为我们树立了很好的榜样，我们都应该向他学习。Hehasset_a_good_example_to_usandweshouldlearnfromhim.2.升级平淡句(1)用as引导的非限制性定语从句升级1中句①As_we_all_know/As_is_known_to_us_all,_life_is_precious.(2)用“with复合结构”升级1中句⑥Withhisprincipleoflifeandhardwork,especiallyhisgreatvirtueinpeople'smind,hewasappointedasarepresentativeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressbytheunioninourcitylastyear.3.衔接成文Asisknowntousall,lifeisprecious.However,myfriendWangDongonlycaresabouthiswork.Asaphysicianinourhospital,heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave,andoftenworksuntilmidnight.Therefore，hehasagoodreputationamonghiscolleagues.Threeyearsago,DrWangwaselectedvicedirectorofthehospital.Withhisprincipleoflifeandhardwork,especiallyhisgreatvirtueinpeople'smind,hewasappointedasarepresentativeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressbytheunioninourcitylastyear.DrWangisalwaysenergeticandresponsibleforthepatients,tendingpatientsselflesslyandtrainingthenewdoctors.Inaword,hehassetagood
exampletousandweshouldlearnfromhim.
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