《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》Unit 1 People of Achievement 作业

UNIT1　PeopleofAchievementA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AChinesescientistGuoHuadongpublishedanarticleonthewebsiteoftheacademicjournalNature,callingonscientiststobuildadigitalSilkRoadtomake1.________bestofbigdata.Guo,2.________isanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),saidinthearticlethat3.________(share)bigdatafromsatelliteimageryandotherearthobservationsintheregionscoveredbyChina'sBeltandRoadInitiativeiskeytosustainability(可持续发展).Guounderlinedthatthe4.________(environment)arediverseandfragilewithvariousnaturaldangersintheregions.Hebelievesacombinationof5.________(accuracy),reliableandtimelyscientificobservationsofecosystems6.________(be)vital.GuohasbeenchairmanoftheDigitalBeltandRoadProgrammewhich7.________(set)upin2016byChinesescientiststeamingup8.________expertsfrom19countriesand7internationalorganisations.“TheaimoftheDigitalBeltandRoadProgrammeis9.________(improve)environmentalmonitoring,promotedatasharingandsupportpolicymaking，”Guosaid.Inthearticle,Guoalso10.________(sincere)invitedmorenaturalandsocialscientiststojointhesharedeffort.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学院院士郭华东在国际权威学术期刊《自然》上发表评论文章，呼吁各国充分利用“地球大数据”，携手共建“数字丝绸之路”。1.the　考查冠词。makethebestof表示“充分利用”，是固定搭配，故填the。2.who　考查定语从句。空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，指代人，并在从句中作主语，故用who。3.sharing　考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语在that引导的从句中作主语，表示主动关系及一般性动作。4.environments　考查名词复数。根据后面的are可知此处要用名词的复数形式，故填environments。5.accurate　考查形容词。空处所填词与reliable和timely并列，修饰scientificobservations，故用形容词accurate(精确的，准确的)。6.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处说的是现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语为“acombinationof...”，谓语要用第三人称单数形式，故填is。7.wasset　考查动词的时态和语态。由in2016可知，谓语要用一般过去时；which(指代先行词theDigitalBeltandRoadProgramme)与setup之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，所以填wasset。 8.with　考查介词。teamupwith意为“与……合作或一起工作”，故填with。9.toimprove　考查非谓语动词。空处所填词作表语，表示目的及主动关系，故要用不定式toimprove。10.sincerely　考查副词。空处所填词修饰谓语动词，故要用副词sincerely(真诚地)。BQianZhongshuwas1.________Chinesescholarandwriter,2.________(know)forhiswitanderudition(博学).Despitefailinginmathematics,Qianwasaccepted3.________theDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteraturesofTsinghuaUniversityin1929becauseofhisexcellent4.________(perform)inChineseandEnglishlanguages.InTsinghua,hemethiswifeYangJiang,whowas5.________(become)asuccessfulplaywrightandtranslator,and6.________(marry)herin1935.Inthesameyear,Qianreceivedgovernmentsponsorshiptofurtherhisstudiesabroad.Togetherwithhiswife,QianheadedfortheUniversityofOxfordinBritain.After7.________(spend)twoyearsatExeterCollege,hereceivedaBachelorofLiterature.HethenstudiedforonemoreyearintheUniversityofParisinFrancebeforereturningtoChinain1938.QianlivedinShanghaifrom1941to1945,whichwasthenunderJapanese8.________(occupy).Manyofhisworkswerewrittenorpublishedduringthisperiodoftime.Acollectionofshort9.________(essay),WrittenintheMarginsofLife,10.________(publish)in1941.HismostcelebratedworkFortressBesiegedappearedin1947.OntheArtofPoetry,writteninclassicalChinese,cameoutin1948.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了钱钟书先生的生平和作品。1.a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，指学者兼作家，且Chinese以辅音音素开头，故填a。2.known　考查非谓语动词。beknownforsth.“以某事知名，以某物闻名”，此处在句中作状语，故填known。3.into　考查介词。短语acceptsb.intosth.为固定用法，意思是“接收某人进入……”。4.performance　考查词性转换。由空前的“hisexcellent”可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语，故填performance。5.tobecome　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“她即将成为一位成功的剧作家兼翻译家”，结合空前的“was”可知，此处应用不定式表示将来，故填tobecome。6.married　考查动词的时态与主谓一致。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，动词“marry”与上文中的“met”之间是并列关系，且由时间状语“in1935”可知，应填married。7.spending　考查非谓语动词。由空前的介词“After”可知，空处应填动词ing形式作宾语。8.occupation　考查词性转换。根据空前的介词“under”和形容词“Japanese”可知，空处应用名词occupation。短语underoccupation意思是“被占领”。9.essays　考查名词复数。essay为可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰，故填essays。 10.waspublished　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示WrittenintheMarginsofLife于1941年出版，publish与其主语之间是被动关系，且由时间状语“in1941”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.她坚持要到机场为我们送行。①Sheinsisted_on_seeing_us_offattheairport.(insiston...)②Sheinsisted_that_she_(should)_see_us_offattheairport.(insistthat...)2.我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。(circumstance)Myteacheralwaysremindsmethatunder_no_circumstances_should_I_abandonmylearninggoalsonceIsetthem.3.根据新的法律，人们酒后不准开车。(accordingto)According_to_the_new_laws,peoplemustn'tdriveafterdrinkingalcohol.4.他努力学习，结果在期末考试中取得了高分。(consequence)Heworkedhardathislessonsandas_a_consequence,gothighmarksinthefinalexamination.5.我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。(conclusion)Idrew/reached/came_to_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiencesthatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AStevenJobs,thedesignerofAppleComputer,wasnotcleverwhenhewasinschool.Atthattime,hewasnotagoodstudentandhealwaysmadetroubleswithhisschoolmates.Whenhewentintocollege,hedidn'tchangealot.Thenhedroppedout(退学).Buthewasfullofnewideas.Afterheleftcollege,StevenJobsworkedasavideogamedesigner.HeworkedthereforonlyseveralmonthsandthenhewenttoIndia.Hehopedthatthetripwouldgivehimsomenewideasandgivehimachangeinhislife.StevenJobslivedonafarminCaliforniaforayearafterhereturnedfromIndia.In1975,hebegantomakeanewtypeofcomputer.HedesignedtheAppleComputerwithhisfriendinhisgarage.Hechosethename“Apple”justbecauseitcouldhelphimtorememberahappysummerheoncespentinanappletreegarden.HisAppleComputerwassosuccessfulthatStevenJobssoonbecamefamousallovertheworld.Heoftensaid,“Iliveinordertochangetheworld;therearen'tanyotherreasons.Theonlywaytohaveagreatachievementistoloveyourowncareer.Ifyoucan'tfindyourfavouritecareer,goonlookingforitandnevergiveup.”ThisisStevenJobs.Thoughheisdead,hisspiritandachievementsstillinfluenceourlives.1.WhywasStevenJobsnotagoodstudentinschool? A.Heneverdidhislessons.B.Hedroppedout.C.Healwaysmadetroubleswithhisschoolmates.D.Hewasfullofnewideas.2.WhydidStevenJobsgotoIndia?A.Tobeavideogamedesigner.B.Togetsomenewideas.C.Tomakeanewtypeofcomputer.D.Tohaveahappysummer.3.WhatmadeStevenJobsfamousallovertheworld?A.Hisnewideas.B.HisAppleComputer.C.Hisvideogames.D.Hissaying.4.WhatdoweknowaboutStevenJobsfromthispassage?A.Hedidn'tfinishhisstudiesinthecollegebecausehehatedhisschoolmates.B.HelikedtravellinginIndiaandCalifornia.C.Helikedtryingnewthingsandmakinghisnewideascometrue.D.Hethoughthehadmanyreasonstoliveintheworld.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了史蒂夫·乔布斯的生平事迹。他在学校时不是一个好学生，总是和同学闹矛盾。当他进入大学后，并没有改变很多，最后他辍学了，但他充满了新的想法并使之实现。1975年他研制了一种新型电脑——苹果电脑。他的苹果电脑是如此成功，以至于史蒂夫·乔布斯很快成为世界名人。1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Atthattime,hewasnotagoodstudentandhealwaysmadetroubleswithhisschoolmates.”可知选C。2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Hehopedthatthetripwouldgivehimsomenewideasandgivehimachangeinhislife.”可知，史蒂夫·乔布斯去印度是因为他想获得一些新的想法，所以选B。3.B　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，史蒂夫·乔布斯的苹果电脑使他闻名于全世界，所以选B。4.C　推理判断题。根据短文大意可知乔布斯总是有新的想法，并能使之实现。故选C。BOurabilitytocollectdatagetsfaraheadofourabilitytofullyuseit,yetdatamayholdthekeytosolvingsomeofthebiggestglobalchallengesfacingustoday.Take,forinstance,thefrequentoutbreaksofwaterbornediseasesasaconsequenceofwarornaturaldisasters.Themostrecentexamplecanbefoundinacountry,whereroughly10,000newsuspectedcasesofcholera(霍乱)arereportedeachweek—andhistoryisfilledwithsimilar stories.Whatifwecouldbetterunderstandtheenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributedtothedisease,predictwhichcommunitiesareathigherrisk,andputinplaceprotectivemeasurestostopthespread?Answerstothisquestionandotherslikeitcouldpotentiallyhelpuspreventacatastrophe.Asabigdatascientist,Istudydatafromwideranging,publicsourcestoidentifypatterns,hopingtopredicttrendsthatcouldbeathreattoglobalsecurity.Variousdatastreamsareimportantbecausethegroundtruthdata(suchassurveys)isoftendelayed,limited,incorrector,sometimes,nonexistent.Forexample,knowingtheincidence(发生率)ofmosquitobornediseaseincommunitieswouldhelpuspredicttheriskofmosquitospreaddiseasesuchasdengue(登革热),theleadingcauseofillnessanddeathinthetropics.However,mosquitodataataglobal(andevennational)levelisnotaccessible.Toaddressthisgap,we'reusingothersourcessuchassatellitepictures,climatedataandpopulationinformationtoforecasttheriskofdengue.Specifically,wehadsuccessinpredictingthespreadofdengueinBrazilattheregional,stateandcitylevelusingthesedatastreamsaswellasclinicalobservationdataandonlinesearchesthatusedtermsrelatedtothedisease.Whileourpredictionsaren'tperfect,theyshowpromise.Similarly,toforecastthefluseason,wehavefoundthatonlinesearchescancomplement(补充)clinicaldata.BecausetherateofpeoplesearchingtheInternetforflusymptomsoftenincreasesduringtheirbeginning,wecanpredictasharpincreaseincaseswhereclinicaldatadelays.Allofthisshowsthepotentialofbigdata.Theinformationisthere:nowit'stimetouseit.5.WhatdotheexamplesinParagraph2andParagraph4show?A.Bigdataisstillhardtogetanduse.B.Peoplearen'tskilledatdealingwithbigdata.C.Bigdataisnotalwaysanimaginedmethod.D.Catastrophesmightbepreventedwithbigdata.6.Accordingtothetext,surveydata________.A.isamainformofmultipledatastreamsB.isaneffectivewaytocollectinformationC.issometimesunreliableandunavailableD.isatimelyalternativetomultipledatastreams7.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisgap”inParagraph5referto?A.Thelackofbigdataonmosquitos.B.Thelackofdifferentdatastreams.C.Theriskofanoutbreakofadisease.D.Theignoranceofhowadiseasespreads.8.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.HowDoWeCollectandUseData?B.WhatAretheChallengesFacingUsNow? C.HowCanBigDataHelpSavetheWorld?D.WhatIstheAnswertoPreventingCatastrophes?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。我们生活在大数据时代，我们所搜集到的信息可能正是我们现如今正在面临的全球性挑战的解决办法，有帮助我们阻止灾难发生的可能性。5.D　推理判断题。第二段的事例旨在说明如果有大数据，那么我们也许就可以预防重大灾难的发生；而第四段的事例表明大数据能够帮助我们预测由蚊子传播的疾病的风险。这些均说明我们可以利用大数据预测这些疾病的发生率从而防止其大规模蔓延，即阻止这种灾难的发生。故选D。6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Variousdatastreamsareimportantbecausethegroundtruthdata(suchassurveys)isoftendelayed,limited,incorrector,sometimes,nonexistent.”可知，调查数据有时候是不可靠的或者难以获得的。故选C。7.A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分上文中的“However,mosquitodataataglobal(andevennational)levelisnotaccessible.”可知，目前还没有全球(甚至全国)规模的蚊子数据。再结合下文的内容可知，thisgap指的就是有关蚊子的大数据的匮乏。故选A。8.C　标题归纳题。文章第一段是本文的中心段，接下来作者举了一些例子来支撑自己的观点，作者说明了大数据的潜力，而且告诉我们信息就在那里，是时候使用它了。综合上述信息可知，本文主要围绕利用大数据来帮助应对一些我们现如今正在面临的全球性挑战展开，故C项作本文标题最佳。Ⅱ.完形填空Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.Butquizthemonitsexact1andmanywillnotbesure.In1975,Chinesesurveyors2thatMountQomolangma(MountEverest)was8848.13metreshigh.As3improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse,someonestillhadtocarry5towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat,asthey6theheighttobe8844.43metres.ScalingQomolangmaisno7task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis－29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metresthickandhurricanelike9blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto10theextremeconditions.Inanutshell,measuringtheQomolangma'sheightisatallorder,11hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources.Butitisworththe12.Qomolangmaistheperfect13forobservingcrustal(地壳的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould14whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibetQinghaiPlateau.That's15 measuringtheQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse,anditcanbenefitmankind.1.A.location　　　　B.appearanceC.areaD.height2.A.determinedB.assumedC.estimatedD.admitted3.A.conditionB.technologyC.societyD.economy4.A.employedB.expectedC.approachedD.inspired5.A.weaponsB.vehiclesC.instrumentsD.packages6.A.changedB.calculatedC.extendedD.expanded7.A.gloriousB.easyC.admirableD.tough8.A.colderB.hotterC.higherD.lower9.A.snowsB.rainsC.windsD.snowflakes10.A.copewithB.fightforC.takeonD.carryout11.A.wastingB.spendingC.overcomingD.involving12.A.effortB.lossC.harvestD.achievement13.A.channelB.windowC.solutionD.entrance14.A.measureB.foreseeC.indicateD.expose15.A.whereB.howC.whyD.whether【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了测量珠穆朗玛峰高度的艰难及其重要性。1.D　根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D。2.A　根据下文“As3improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.”可知，此处指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故选A。 3.B　根据下文“satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures”可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技。故选B。4.A　根据下文的“togetmoreexactfigures”可知，这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A。5.C　根据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C。6.B　根据上文“In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat”以及下文“theheighttobe8844.43metres”可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B。7.B　根据下文“Theaverageairtemperaturethereis－29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.”可知，测量珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B。8.D　根据“－29degreesCelsius”可知，此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选D。9.C　根据下文的“blow”可知，此处表示风。故选C。10.A　根据“theextremeconditions”可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练是为了应付珠峰的极端条件。故选A。11.D　根据“hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources”可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D。12.A　根据下文“Puttogooduse,anditcanbenefitmankind.”可知，这项任务值得努力去做。故选A。13.B　根据下文“observingcrustal(地壳的)movements”可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B。14.C　珠峰两次测量高度的变化可以表明两个板块是朝着相同方向还是相反方向运动。故选C。15.C　本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性。本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C。