UNIT1 ScienceandScientistsA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AWaybackin1674,afroghelpedAntonievanLeeuwenhoekmakeanincrediblediscovery.AntoniewasanamateurscientistfromHolland,sofascinatedbymicroscopes1.________he'dbuiltsomeofhisown.Onerainyday,ashewentforawalk,aleapingfrog2.________(draw)hisattentiontoapuddle.Antoniecollectedadropofpuddlewaterandputit3.________hismicroscope.Hewasamazed4.________(see)awholecommunityofcreaturesswimminginthisonedrop—tinybeingsnoonehadeverseenbefore.Thesetinybeings,calledmicrobes,areeverywhere:indirt,infoodandonyourkitchentable.People5.________(cover)inthem,too.6.________youweretocountallthemicrobesonandinsideyourbody,youwouldfindyourbodyhasmoremicrobesthantheworldhaspeople—over6billion!Microbescan'tsurviveon7.________(they)own.Theyneedfood.After8.________(settle)intoahome—you,forinstance—theystealvitaminsandothernutrientsandleavebehinddeadcellsandpoisonousliquidscalledtoxins.Somemicrobescanmakeyousick.Peopleusuallycalltheseonesgerms.9.________(lucky)foryou,therearemore10.________(help)microbes,workingtogethertokeepyouhealthy,thanbadones.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。1.that 考查连词。句意：安东尼是一位来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。2.drew 考查动词时态。句意：在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一只跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据Onerainyday可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。3.under 考查介词。句意：安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知，要把物体放到显微镜下面观察，故应用介词under“在……下面”。4.tosee 考查不定式。句意：他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。beamazedtodosth.为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。5.arecovered 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填arecovered。6.If 考查连词。句意：如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物，你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿！根据语境可知，本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。
7.their 考查代词。onone'sown为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。8.settling 考查动名词。句意：在宿主——比如你——体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。9.Luckily 考查副词。句意：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。10.helpful 考查形容词。根据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。BImagineflyingthroughspaceinarocket.Whenyouland,youhoprightontothemoon.Withvirtualreality(VR),studentsdon'tneed1.________(imagine)it.Theycanexperienceitanddon'tevenhavetoleave2.________(they)classroom.ManyteachersarestartingtouseVR.Monicaisathirdgradeteacher,3.________worksatBoroughSchool,inMorrisPlains,NewJersey.Herstudents4.________(witness)the1969moonlandingwithVR.“Somestudentswerefullof5.________(anxious).Theythoughttheyweregoingtogetdizzy，”shesaid,“buttheylovedit.”Katelynwas10whenshetriedit.Shelikedgoingtothemoonbetterthan6.________(look)atpicturesoftheevent.“Itwasso7.________(wonder)andsolifelike，”shesays.Virtualrealityallowsuserstoexplorea3Dsettingwithacomputer.Theywearaheadsetovertheireyesandsometimeswearheadphonesforsound.Userssayitfeels8.________jumpingintoavideogame.Someparentsandteachers9.________(concern)aboutVR.Thefirstproblemisthecostbecausemanyschoolsdonothaveenoughmoneyfortheheadsets.The10.________problemisthatitmaybetoomuchtechnologyforyoungeyesandyoungminds.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在高科技教室里，虚拟现实技术可以使学生们不用离开教室就能亲身体验像登月这样的重大事件。1.toimagine 考查动词不定式。根据前面的don'tneed可知，此处need为实义动词，后接动词不定式作宾语。2.their 考查形容词性物主代词。此处作名词classroom的定语，故要用their。3.who 考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为athirdgradeteacher,在从句中作主语，故要用who。4.witnessed 考查动词时态。根据后面的详细描述可知，此处为过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。5.anxiety 考查名词。此处作动词短语befullof的宾语，故要用名词形式。6.looking 考查动词的ing形式。根据句子结构可知，此处要与goingtothemoon保持一致，也就是说比较对象要保持一致。
7.wonderful 考查形容词。此处为系动词was的表语，且前面有so修饰，故要用形容词形式。8.like 考查介词。固定搭配feellikedoing...“感觉像是……”。9.areconcerned 考查固定搭配。固定搭配beconcernedabout“关心，担心，挂念”。10.second 考查序数词。根据前面的Thefirstproblem可知，此处应该表示“第二个问题是……”。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.所有乘客在登机前必须把行李进行安检。(havesth.done)Allthepassengersarerequiredtohave_their_luggage_checkedbeforeboardingtheplane.2.倾听别人时，不要忘记轻轻点头以表示你是感兴趣的。(状语从句的省略)When_listening_to_others,don'tforgettonodslightlyonceinawhiletoshowyouareinterested.3.我经常做疯狂的梦，梦见此事故是我造成的。(blame)Ioftenhadcrazydreamsin_which_I_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.4.似乎任何事情都不能使他的信心受挫。(seem)It_seemed_thatnothingcoulddenthisconfidence.5.当老板不在时，他负责整个公司。(charge)Hewas_in_charge_of/took_charge_of_the_companywhilethebosswasabsent.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhenitcomestimefortheholidayshoppingseason,we'reextrachoosyaboutthecountlesstechnologyproductsthatwewillbuyandgivetofriendsandfamily.Herearethreetechgiftsthatimpressededitors,reportersandproducersthemost.LumosMatrixIrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(头盔)($229)withbuiltinlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.It'saregularpainpointforbikerslikemetomakesureabsentmindeddriversseeyou,especiallywhenit'sdark.Thisdefinitelyhelps.—MattMcFarland,WriterGoodreadsappAlthoughthisisn'tagift,thefreeGoodreadsappisagamechanger.Atthebeginningofthisyear,IpromisedmyselfI'dreadatleastonenewbookeverymonth.Isetagoalof12booksonGoodreadsandusedittotrackmyprogress,keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending.Iread35booksthisyear!(That'supfromfivebookslastyear.)Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeelgoodsocialnetworks.—KayaYurieff,TechReporter
EmbercoffeecupIdrinkmycoffeeslowlysoithasroutinelycooledhalfway.Formybirthday,mymumboughtmeacup($99),whichkeepsmycoffeewarmuntilIfinishitwithouttripstothemicrowaveforreheating.IcanalsosetthespecifictemperatureIwant.Itmakesmymorningssomucheasier.—MillieDent,Intern1.WhatisthemainadvantageoftheLumosMatrixhelmet?A.Helpingdriversconcentrate.B.Managingthebadweather.C.Makingnightridingsafer.D.Makingbikersfeellesspain.2.WhatdoesthewritermeanbyreferringtotheGoodreadsappas“agamechanger”？A.Itchangessomereaders'readingrules.B.ItprovidesreaderswithfreeInternetgames.C.Itlimitsthenumberofbooksareadercanread.D.Itinspiresreaderstoreadmorethroughinteractions.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheEmbercoffeecup?A.Ecofriendly.B.Convenient.C.Expensive.D.Simple.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个最受欢迎的科技类礼物——LumosMatrix头盔，Goodreads应用和Ember咖啡杯。1.C 细节理解题。根据LumosMatrix部分中的“IrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(头盔)($229)withbuiltinlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.”可知，LumosMatrix头盔的优势是有内置灯，这样可以让夜间骑行更安全。2.D 推理判断题。根据Goodreadsapp部分中的“keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending”和“Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeelgoodsocialnetworks”可知，Goodreads这一应用可以记录读者的阅读历史并且在该应用上可以看到朋友或者其他读者推荐的书，该应用通过网上互动来激励读者读更多的书，故D项正确。3.B 推理判断题。根据Embercoffeecup部分中的“whichkeepsmycoffeewarm...setthespecifictemperatureIwant”可知该咖啡杯可以保温并且用户可以设定想要的温度，这是非常方便的。故选B。BInthetrailer(拖车式房屋),Sischowasrefreshingthesnails'(蜗牛)accommodations—anongoingroutinethattakesdaysofcarefulwork.HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides—athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.Onceeveryindividualwasaccountedfor,hecleanedthecageandpackedinnewleaves.Theworktookmuchtrouble,buttheresponsibility,he
said,waslike“aheavyweightsittingonyou”.Thetrailerisveryvulnerable.It'sdesignedtokeepawaywouldbethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原体)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.Assadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment,experiencedhandlers,andadietofnativeHawaiianplants.Consequently,itcanbehardforthesnails'minderstorelax,evenwhentheyareoutsidethetrailer.“Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction？”Sischosaid.Whileactionlightenstheburden,yetwithanimalswhosenaturalhistoryislargelyunknown,thatactioncanbedangerous.“Ifyoudoitwrong,thesnailsdie.”Snailsareneitherintelligentnorbeloved.Sischo'sfriendssometimesteasehimaboutbeing“thestrangesnailguy”；strangersaskwhyhecares.It'shardtoconvincepeople,butheinsiststhatifhecanjustgettheminthetrailer,theywillunderstandwhytheAchatinellabulimoidesareworthsaving.“Peoplemelt，”hesaid.“Whenyoushowthemthattheentirepopulationisinthischamber,ithitsthem.”4.Whatisthetrailerusedfor?A.Accommodatingguests.B.Shelteringsnails.C.Plantingvegetables.D.Alarmingthieves.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”meaninParagraph2?A.Quiet. B.Safe.C.Easilyaffected.D.Wellprotected.6.Whatisthesnailminders'attitudetowardstheirjob?A.Relaxed.B.Confident.C.Cautious.D.Disapproving.7.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLastofItsKindB.TheWorstofTimesC.MournItsLossD.ResistPossibleDanger【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了拯救濒临灭绝的蜗牛物种，人类为它们制作了特殊的设备——拖车式房屋，有经验丰富的驯养员来看护它们，提供给它们来自夏威夷本地的一种植物来吃，这些都有益于蜗牛的保护。4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It'sdesignedtokeepawaywouldbethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.”以及“Assad
astheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment...”可知，拖车房屋很脆弱，它的设计是为了避免可能被盗，抵御飓风。但是火灾很容易摧毁它，疾病可以席卷它。但没有好的办法来防止未来的灾难。蜗牛不能简单地在动物园或其他设施中生存。它们需要特殊的设备。这个特殊的设备就是thetrailer。由此可推知，thetrailer是给蜗牛住的房子，是收容蜗牛，为其遮风挡雨的。分析选项可知，B项符合题意。5.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容“It'sdesignedtokeepawaywouldbethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原体)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”可推知，这种拖车房屋很容易被火烧，疾病可摧毁它，所以它是易受其他因素影响的。故选C。6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，蜗牛看护者对待它们的态度是谨慎小心的。分析选项可知，C项符合题意，故选C。7.A 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides—athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.”以及第二段中的“LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原体)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”还有第三段中的“‘Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction？’Sischosaid.”可推知，这种蜗牛的数量极少。分析选项可知A项为短文最佳标题。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空FedExdriverAriKadinwasmakinghisroundsnearapondinRockwall,Texas.Suddenly,hehearda(n)1sound,justlikeacryforhelp.About15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthe2ofthatcry—abrownandwhitedog,3tograspathinlayerofice.Anelderlymanhadalreadycometoher4.He'denteredthepondinarowboatandwasbreakingtheicewitharockto5apathtothedog.Itwas6going,andKadin,42,thoughthestoodabetter7.Kadinslidtogo8therowboatandusedtheelderlyman'srocktohittheice9，onlytoslipofftheboat,fallinginto16feetoffreezingwater.He10intimetoseethedoggoingunder.Heswamaboutfivefeettowardher,11hercollar,andpulledhertotheice.Hethen12thedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,where13bystandersrushedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner,aretiredvet.Afewmoreminutesinthepond,thevettoldKadin,andthedogwouldhavelikely14cardiacarrest(心脏骤停)．Thenextday,Kadinwasbackworkingthesameneighbourhoodwhenthedogjumpedonhimand15himinwetkisses.“ThatspecialdeliverywasthehighlightofmyFedExcareer.”saysKadin.1.A.familiar B.sweetC.strangeD.weak
2.A.accessB.appearanceC.resourceD.source3.A.strugglingB.hesitatingC.managingD.expecting4.A.rescueB.attractionC.companionD.concern5.A.spotB.blockC.createD.repair6.A.fastB.effectiveC.slowD.urgent7.A.approachB.conclusionC.solutionD.chance8.A.offB.aboardC.acrossD.around9.A.violentlyB.slightlyC.frequentlyD.blindly10.A.rearrangedB.resurfacedC.respondedD.recovered11.A.tookcontrolofB.caughtsightofC.tookpossessionofD.grabbedholdof12.A.squeezedB.pushedC.persuadedD.forced13.A.anxiousB.innocentC.guiltyD.casual14.A.toleratedB.preventedC.beatenD.suffered15.A.beggedB.bathedC.wrappedD.teased【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了FedEx司机AriKadin救了一只落入冰河中的小狗的故事。1.C 根据下文“justlikeacryforhelp”可知是听到了奇怪的声音。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。2.D 根据下文可知Kadin之前听到的奇怪叫喊声的来源就是河里那条狗。故选D。3.A 根据下文“tograspathinlayerofice”可知狗掉进了河里，挣扎着想抓住一层薄薄的冰。故选A。4.A 根据上文“Anelderlymanhadalreadycometoher”可知，狗掉进了河里，一个老人已经要去救这只狗了。短语cometoone'srescue“救援”。故选A。
5.C 根据上文“breakingtheice”可知老人拿石头砸开冰面是为了给狗创造一条路出来。故选C。6.C 根据上文老人拿石头砸冰面可知进展很缓慢，再根据下文Kadin亲自去救援也可得知。故选C。7.D 根据下文Kadin自己去救狗可知他认为自己的机会更大。短语standabetterchance“有更大的机会”。故选D。8.B 根据下文“therowboatandusedtheelderlyman'srock”可知Kadin溜上了划艇，用老人的岩石猛烈地撞击冰面。短语goaboard表示“上船”。故选B。9.A 上文中提到老人拿石头砸冰面进展缓慢，可推知冰很厚，需要用力猛烈地撞击才可以。故选A。10.B 根据上文“seethedoggoingunder”可知Kadin掉进了水里，故此处是指他浮出了水面才能看见狗下沉。故选B。11.D 根据下文“andpulledhertotheice”可知他抓住了狗的项圈。故选D。12.B 根据下文“thedogintotheboat”可知是把狗推到(pushed)了船上。故选B。13.A 岸边的人都等待着狗被救上来，故此处应用“焦急”来描述符合语境。故选A。14.D 根据下文“cardiacarrest(心脏骤停)”可知如果再在池塘里多待几分钟，这只狗很可能会遭受心脏骤停。故选D。15.B 根据下文“inwetkisses”可知狗用舌头舔Kadin，形容好像在给Kadin洗澡一样，湿漉漉地。用bath更为恰当。故选B。
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