UNIT1PeopleofAchievement三言两语1.BorninAmerica,inJune,1880,HelenKellerwasoneofthegreatestwomeninthe20thcentury.2.Famousasheis,hecareslittleformoneyandfame.3.Owingtothefactthatshecandowhatevershehaschosenwithgreatperseverance,shehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.1.他全身心地投入工作，经常工作到午夜，而没有时间为自己着想，一心只为中国人民着想。Heputallhisheartintotheworkandalwaysworkeduntilmidnight,having_no_time_to_think_about_himself,butonlytheChinesepeople.2.正是他们的鼓励使我的学习稳步前进。It_was_their_encouragement_thatresultedinmyslowbutsteadyprogressinstudy.核心单词[默写识记]根据汉语释义写出单词 1.defeatn.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜2.conclusionn.结论；推论3.circumstancen.条件；环境；状况4.consequencen.结果；后果5.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢6.insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求7.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行8.encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇9.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地10.foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在11.vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的12.academicadj.学业的；学术的[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Thearmywaswelltrainedandwellarmed,andhadlittledifficultydefeating
(defeat)theenemy.2.(2020·天津卷)ThisledJonestotheconclusion(conclude)thattherearetoomanyextremelylonelypeopleinhiscommunity,whoareeasytargetsofcheating.3.Wecan'ttakemeasuresuntilwe'veknownallthecircumstances(circumstance).4.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing(steal)thelady'spurse.5.Themandidn'tknowhowtoovercomefailure,andhewasstoppedbyitwhenheencountered(encounter)one.6.Ifyouwanttoapplyforthejob,youwillneedto_obtain(obtain)permissionfromthemanager.续表拓展单词[词汇变形]根据汉语释义写出单词及其变化形式 1.committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitvt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitmentn.承诺；忠诚；奉献；承诺的事；投入2.evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn.评估；评价3.distinct_adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctionn.差别；区别；卓越→distinctiveadj.独特的，特别的；与众不同的4.analyse_vt.分析→analysisn.(pl.analyses)分析5.apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然→apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的6.scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→sciencen.科学；技术→scientistn.科学家7.remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的→remarkn.谈论；言论；评述vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起→remarkablyadv.不寻常地；惊人地[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Iwanttobeascientisttodiscoverascientificbreakthroughtosavepeople'slivesinmedicalscience.(science)2.Thescientistremarkedthathehadfoundaremarkablewaytosolvetheproblem,butothersmadenoremarksaboutit.(remark)3.Ifyouwanttoevaluateyourintelligence,justcompletetheevaluationfrombelow.(evaluate)4.Withmyclassmates'help,Ianalysedthedataofthisexperimentandtheteacherthoughtmyanalysiswasreasonable.(analyse)5.Apparently,shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)阅【教师用书独具】
读单词1.physiologyn.生理学；生理机能 2.crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的3.academyn.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校4.objectiven.目标；目的adj.客观的5.botanicaladj.植物学的6.propertyn.性质；特征；财产7.extractn.提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出8.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点9.liquidn.液体adj.液体的；液态的10.substancen.物质；物品；事实根据11.fleevi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑12.novelistn.小说家13.noveln.(长篇)小说14.flown.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动15.chartn.图表vt.记录；制订计划16.infervt.推断；推定17.politiciann.从政者；政治家；政客18.theoryn.理论；学说19.relativityn.相对论；相对性20.geniusn.天才；天资；天赋21.gentleadj.温柔的；文静的22.patentn.专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的23.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的24.institutionn.社会公共机构；制度；习俗25.instituten.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑26.professorn.教授27.devicen.方法；技巧；装置；仪器28.sumvi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和29.draftn.草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟30.passionn.酷爱；激情熟词生义1.Whenhewalkedintothemeetingroomforhisfirstvisit,heacknowledgedthegroup,removedhisjacketandneatlyfoldeditacrossthebackofthechair.跟……打招呼2.PortugueseexplorershadchartedthewestcoastofAfricaasfarasSierraLeone.
绘制地图高频短语短语应用1.by_chance偶然地2.insist_on坚决要求3.come_to_power(开始)掌权；上台4.according_to根据5.sum_up总结；概括6.commit_oneself_to_(sth./doing_sth./do_sth._)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)7.take_up_a_position担任；任职8.more_than超过；非常；不只是；不仅是9.pay_attention_to注意10.put_forward提出(意见、建议)[语境运用1]填入一个适当的词 1.ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.2.I'msurprisedtohearthatthemanImetyesterdaywilltakeupapositionintheofficenextweek.3.Indoingourwork,wemustpayattentiontowaysandmeans.[语境运用2]填入一个适当的词 According1.totherecentreport,thepoorcountrystartedtocometolifeafterthenewpresidentcame2.topower.Hesummed3.uptheexperienceoftheformergovernmentandinsisted4.ondevelopingtheeconomyonalargescale.教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.同位语TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.李华，一名16岁的学生，正在申请一份志愿者的工作。LiHua,a_sixteenyearold_student,isapplyingforajobtoworkasavolunteer.2.Upon/Ondoing...UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”这对夫妇一到宾馆就将获赠一瓶葡萄酒。Thecouplewillbepresentedwithabottleofwineon/upon_arriving/their_arrivalatthehotel.
3.it＋be＋adj.＋todosth.Thetwoflowersarequitedistinctfromoneanother,soitiseasytomakeadistinctionbetweenthem.由于对北极熊活动范围的研究甚少，很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。It_is_difficult_to_figure_outaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.4.状语从句的省略Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.他已养成阅读时记笔记的习惯。Hehasdevelopedthehabitofmakingnoteswhile_reading.1.conclusionn.结论；推论；结束(1)draw/cometo/arriveat/reachaconclusion得出结论makeaconclusion下结论inconclusion最后；作为结论地；总之(2)concludev.得出结论；推断出；(使)结束；终止；达成(协议等)conclude从……中推断出……conclude...with...以……结束……[词块]concludeabargain成交；达成协议concludehisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome以祝大家归途平安结束了他的讲话单句语法填空①(浙江卷)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.②Inconclusion,Ilikeeverythinginspring,especiallythefeelingsbathedintherainandsunshine.③(上海卷)Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.一句多译我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。④Idrew/reached/came_to_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiencesthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.(conclusion)⑤Iconcluded_from_my_own_experiencesthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.
(conclude)2.circumstancen.条件；环境；状况in/undernocircumstances决不(放在句首时，句子用倒装语序)in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然这样in/underanycircumstances在任何情况下单句语法填空①In/Underthecircumstances,itseemedbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.②Whetherornotyouqualifyforaloanwilldependonyourfinancialcircumstances(circumstance)．补全句子③Undernocircumstancesshould_you_give_up_your_dreams(你决不能放弃你的梦想)evenifeverybodygoesfarawayfromyou.④Under/In_no_circumstances_will_I(我绝对不会)subscribetoyourunreasonablerequest.3.consequencen.结果；后果(1)asaconsequence/result＝inconsequence因此；结果asaconsequence/resultof＝inconsequenceof因为……的缘故(2)consequentadj.作为结果的；随之发生的(3)consequentlyadv.因此；所以；结果单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomattertheconsequences(consequence)．②Asaconsequence,childrenbecomesoreliantontheirparentsthattheyhavenoindependentthoughtorcreativeideas.③Drunkdrivinghasbeenbanned.Consequently(consequent),thetrafficaccidentsaredecreasing.词汇升级(普通表达)(天津卷)Asaresult,Iwaschosenasavolunteerforthe13thNationalGames.④(高级表达)As_a_consequence,Iwaschosenasavolunteerforthe13thNationalGames.4.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；确认；(公开)感谢；告知收悉(1)acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做了某事acknowledgesth./that...承认……acknowledge...as.../tobe...认为……是……(常用于被动语态)Itiswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat...大家公认……(2)acknowledgementn.承认；打招呼；(公开的)感谢[词块]
acknowledgeone'serror承认某人的错误acknowledgethegreetingwithanod点头回应了问候单句语法填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeen_acknowledged(acknowledge)afteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.②Generallyacknowledged(acknowledge)asthefinestpoetinthecountry,hestilllivesalowprofilelife.③ProfessorHawkingisacknowledgedasoneoftheworld'sgreatestphysicists.④Heacknowledgedbeing_defeated(defeat)publiclybyhisfriendinthegame,whichmadeussurprised.词汇升级/句式升级(普通表达)Peoplewidelythinkthattheshortestdistancebetweenpersonsisasinceresmile.⑤(高级表达)It_is_widely_acknowledged_thattheshortestdistancebetweenpersonsisasinceresmile.(it作形式主语)5.insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求(1)insist表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略)；insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句多用陈述语气。(2)insistondoingsth.坚持做某事(3)insistencen.坚持；坚决要求；坚决主张；强调insistentadj.坚持的；坚决要求的；(响声)持续不断的[词块]insistonpractisingEnglish坚持练习英语单句语法填空①Heinsistedonfinding(find)ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.②AlthoughTominsistedthathehad_handed(hand)inhishomeworkyesterday,MrWangstillinsistedheshould_do(do)itagain.完成句子如果这个年轻人坚持自己的梦想并且尽自己最大的努力的话，他就会实现自己的梦想。③Theyoungmanwillachievehisdreamsifheinsists_onthemandtrieshisbest.6.takeupaposition担任；任职takeup占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受takein欺骗；理解；领悟takeon呈现；雇用；承担；从事takeover掌管；控制；取代
takeoff脱掉(衣服等)；休息；(飞机)起飞；突然大受欢迎写出下列句子中takeup的含义①Wetriedtofindatableforseven，buttheywerealltakenup.占用②Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.开始做；从事③Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek.继续④Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing?接受完成句子⑤我们只有对广告采取正确的态度才能避免受骗。Itisonlybytakingacorrectattitudetowardsadvertisingthatwecanavoidbeing_taken_in.⑥(江苏卷)由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的公司都很成功。Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetaken_offthankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.7.状语从句的省略(教材原文)Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。(1)状语从句省略的条件：状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it且状语从句谓语中含有be动词。(2)if构成的其他固定省略形式：ifany如果有的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话ifso如果是这样的话ifever如果曾经有的话ifnot如果不这样的话单句语法填空①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoing(do)somethingsheloves:nursing.②(北京卷)Whennotallowed(allow)tosleep,labratsdiewithinamonth.③(江苏卷)Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar'sengine.Ifso,we'dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.句式升级(普通表达)IfeelespeciallypleasedwhileIamwalkinginthespringrain.④(高级表达)Ifeelespeciallypleasedwhile_walking_inthespringrain.(省略句)
用所给词的正确形式填空1.Wediscussedtheproblemmanytimes,butstillcouldcometonoconclusion(conclude)．2.Thepeoplewhocannotquitsmokingmayeasilybeaffectedbyhiscircumstances(circumstance)andsurroundings.3.Itis_acknowledged(acknowledge)widelythatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.4.Whilewalking(walk)aloneinthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.5.Thegovernmentiscommitted(commit)togreatlydevelopingeducationinthecountry.在空白处填入一个适当的词1.Letmesumupthelastlesson;afterthatwe'lltakeupanewlesson.2.Thereisnopossibilitythateverystudentiswillingtotakeupthiskindofthrillingsport.3.Theyhelpedandlearnedfromeachother;asaconsequence,theybecamegoodfriends.4.Mostpeoplethinkthatthingshavechangedforthebettersincethenewgovernmentcameto/intopower.5.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief'sbeingcaught.查缺补漏1.Themanagerinsistedonchecking(check)everythingtobedeliveredtoourcustomershimself.2.Shegavemeacomfortingsmileandnoddedwhilelistening(listen)patiently.3.Thelearningneedsofthetwogroupsarequitedistinct(distinction)fromeachother.4.Heshowedremarkable(remark)competencewhenfacedwiththedifficultproblemsintoughtimes.5.Theyjustneedtoanalyse(analysis)thosedatafromanewperspective.【教师用书独具】单元话题语篇练JohannStrausswasanAustriancomposeroflightmusic,particularlydancemusicandoperettas(轻歌剧).HewasborninViennain1825.Althoughhisfatherdidn'twanthim1.to_become(become)amusician,Straussstudiedtheviolin2.secretly(secret)whenhewasachild.Whenhisfatherdiscoveredhewaspractisingtheviolinoneday,hisfathergavehimabeating,3.
saying(say)thathewasgoingtobeatthemusicoutoftheboy.Butthatdidn'tpreventtheboyfrombecomingoneofthegreatest4.composers(composer)ofalltime.Hewrotehisfirstwaltzatsix.Attheageof19,hedecidedtodevotehimselfto5.writing(write)music.Heformedhisownorchestraandmade6.asuccessfultourtoEuropeandsoonbecamefamous.TheemperorofAustriawasso7.pleased(please)withhismusicthatheappointedhimtheconductoratthecourtballsofVienna.Itwasfortheseoccasionsthathewrotesomeofhismostpopularwaltzes,among8.whichwasthewellknownfavouriteTheBlueDanube.Inall,thetalentedJohannStrausswrotehundredsofmasterpieces.Inhislifetime,hewasknown9.as“TheWaltzKing”，andwaslargelyresponsibleforthe10.popularity(popular)ofthewaltzinViennaduringthe19thcentury.单元话题写作练1.补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)①人们公认琼斯是一位取得巨大成就的女性。PeopleacknowledgethatJonesisawomanofgreatachievement.②作为一位温柔的女性，她致力于帮助生活在贫困状况中的孩子们。Asagentlelady,shehascommitted_herself_tohelpingthechildrenwholiveinpoorcircumstances.③难怪她赢得了许多人的尊敬。Nowondershehaswonrespectofnumerouspeople.④最近，琼斯被邀请为一所机构发表演讲。Recently,Joneswasaskedtodeliveraspeechforaninstitution.⑤建立这所机构是为了帮助贫困儿童。Itwasfoundedtohelpthepoorchildren.⑥她说：“照顾孩子是平凡的工作，但是这可以带来非凡的效果。”Shesaid,“Caringforchildrenisanordinaryjob,butitcanbringextraordinaryeffects.”⑦一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去。Onceyoubegintodosomething,youmustinsist_ondoingit.⑧逐渐地，你就会取得进步并且做出显著的成绩。Gradually,youwillmakegreatprogressandremarkableachievements.⑨你将会对你的一生感到满足。Youwillbecontentwithyourlife.2.升级平淡句(1)用it作形式主语升级1中句①ItisacknowledgedthatJonesisawomanofgreatachievement.(2)用过去分词作定语合并1中句④和句⑤Recently,Joneswasaskedtodeliveraspeechforaninstitutionfoundedtohelpthepoorchildren.
3.衔接成文ItisacknowledgedthatJonesisawomanofgreatachievement.Asagentlelady,shehascommittedherselftohelpingthechildrenwholiveinpoorcircumstances.Nowondershehaswonrespectofnumerouspeople.Recently,Joneswasaskedtodeliveraspeechforaninstitutionfoundedtohelpthepoorchildren.Shesaid,“Caringforchildrenisanordinaryjob,butitcanbringextraordinaryeffects.Onceyoubegintodosomething,youmustinsistondoingit.Gradually,youwillmakegreatprogressandremarkableachievements.Asaconsequence,youwillbecontentwithyourlife.”
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