UNIT1ScienceandScientists三言两语1.ThomasEdisonlivedfrom1847to1931andheisfamousforinventingthelightbulb.2.StephenHawkingwasfamedforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity，andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooksincludingABriefHistoryofTime.3.Beethovenbeganlearningtheviolinandpianowhenhewasonly5,andbythetimehewas8hewasgivingpublicconcerts.1.从这个故事中，我懂得了我们应该相信自己，对未来充满信心。Fromthestory,Ihavelearnedthatweshouldbelieve_in_ourselvesandbe_confident_inourfuture.2.他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实：对帮助别人他从不犹豫。Hischarmingpersonalityliesinasimplefactthat_he_never_hesitates_to_help_others.核心单词[默写识记]根据汉语释义写出单词 1.subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象3.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责4.handlen.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)5.linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联6.decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低7.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变8.proof_n.证据；证明；检验9.concreten.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的10.outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的11.steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的12.besidesprep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外13.furthermoreadv.此外；再者
14.faultn.弱点；过错15.shiftn.改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向16.vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Ithasbeenannouncedthattwoguysare_suspected(suspect)tobeinvolvedinthetheft.2.Asamatteroffact,thedriverwasnotto_blame(blame)fortheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday.3.Misunderstandingsmayleadtoseriousproblemsunlesstheyare__handled(handle)properly.4.Thesechildrenhavehealthproblemslinked(link)toapoordietandalackofexercise.5.Itwassaidthatthenumberofnewstudentsdecreased(decrease)from210to160thisyear.6.(2020·天津卷)Theyhave_transformed(transform)themselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge,meetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.续表拓展单词[词汇变形]根据汉语释义写出单词及其变化形式 1.severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severelyadv.严重地；严厉地2.frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧；挫败；阻挠→frustratingadj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→frustrationn.懊恼；沮丧；失意；挫败3.findingn.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→findv.查找；找到；发现；判决4.initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initiallyadv.最初；首先；开头5.thinkingn.思想；思维；见解→thinkv.想；认为6.mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanicn.机械师；机械修理工→mechanicallyadv.机械地；不加思考地；物理上地7.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defensen.防御；保卫；防护；辩护→defendern.捍卫者；保护者；防守队员；后卫→defensiveadj.防御的；防御用的；防御性的8.assistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.协助；援助→assistvi.&vt.帮助；援助9.giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn.礼物；天赋10.brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→brilliantlyadv.
明亮地；光辉灿烂地；极好地→brilliancen.光辉，灿烂；才智，才华11.contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→contradictv.反驳；驳斥；与……抵触；与……矛盾→contradictionn.矛盾；不一致；反驳；驳斥→contraryadj.相反的；相对立的n.相反的事实(或事情)12.infectionn.感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染→infectiveadj.会传染的；传染性的→infectiousadj.(疾病)传染性的；有感染力的→infectedadj.(身体部位或伤口)受感染的；(食品、水等)受细菌污染的；(电脑)受病毒感染的[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Theirdaughterhadagiftforlanguagewhiletheirsonisagiftedpianist.(gift)2.Rose'sfatherisaskilledmechanicsoshehasbecomeanexpertinmechanicalproblemsaboutmechanicallypoweredvehicles.(mechanic)3.Inthetimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespentondefenceandmanymeasureswillbetakentodefendacountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)4.Asanassistant,heassistedtheprofessorwiththeexperiment.Andhisassistancemadetheexperimenteasiertodo.(assistant)5.ThefamousWestLakeislikeabrilliantpearlembeddedinthebeautifulandfertileshoresoftheEastChinaSeaandshockstouristsworldwidewithitsbrilliance.(brilliant)阅读单词【教师用书独具】1.germn.微生物；细菌；病菌 2.multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的3.pumpn.泵；抽水机；打气筒4.householdn.一家人；家庭；同一所(套)房子的人5.interventionn.介入；出面；干涉6.rawadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的7.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的8.substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的9.statisticn.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学10.proteinn.蛋白质11.celln.细胞；小房间；单间牢房12.virusn.病毒13.frameworkn.框架；结构14.solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体15.castvt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷16.shadown.阴影；影子；背光处17.rainbown.彩虹
18.pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)19.missilen.导弹20.leadershipn.领导；领导地位；领导才能21.abstractadj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要22.conceptn.概念；观念23.astronomern.天文学家24.astronomyn.天文学25.telescopen.望远镜26.microscopen.显微镜熟词生义1.(2020·天津卷)“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir，”shedefendedherself.辩解2.Shealwaysseemstobecastinthesamesortofrole.分派(角色)高频短语短语应用1.in_general总的来说；通常2.attend_to照顾；处理；专心于3.thanks_to幸亏；由于4.break_out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5.in_charge_of主管；掌管6.once_and_for_all最终地；彻底地7.subscribe_to同意；赞同8.come_down患(病)；染上(小病)9.above_all最重要的是；尤其是[语境运用1]填入一个适当的词 1.Ihaveneversubscribedtotheviewthatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.2.Althoughthecitypreservesagoodlookingeneral,someofitsheritagewasdestroyedinWorldWarⅡ.3.Ateacher,aboveall,shouldknowwhattodowiththeproblemsappearinginclasscorrectly.4.AneducatorwhoisinchargeofEngland'sexamssaidareviewoftheprimaryschoolcourseswouldbeachancetodecideifitshouldbetaughttoyoungerpupils.5.Withhighspeedtrains,peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentresinthewestonceandforall.[语境运用2]填入一个适当的词 Abigfirebroke1.outinTony'shouse,whichinjuredhimbadly.Inordertohelphimrecoversoon,akindnurseattended2.tohimcarefully.Thanks3.tohergeneroushelp,Tonycamebackto
lifesoon.教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.Itseemedthat...Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.这个男孩好像对机器人大赛非常感兴趣。It_seemed_thattheboywassointerestedintakingpartintherobotcompetition.2.havesth.doneAccordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.我要去修一下我的电脑，因为它出故障了。I'llhave_my_computer_repairedbecausethereissomethingwrongwithit.3.sb./sth.belikelytodosth.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在中国发生。Agreatdeclineinyoungworkforceis_likely_to_occurinChina.1.suspectvt.&vi怀疑；疑有；不信任；n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(1)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspectsb./sth.tobe/as...怀疑某人/某物是……(2)suspicionn.怀疑；疑心undersuspicion被怀疑(3)suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的besuspiciousof/aboutsth.对某事怀疑[词块]suspecthimofhavingtakenthemoney怀疑钱是他偷的suspecthimtobe/asathief怀疑他是一个小偷单句语法填空①Anymanwhohaswitnessedtheattackisundersuspicion.②Someofhiscolleaguesatworkbecamesuspicious(suspect)ofhisbehaviour.完成句子老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。③Thebosssuspected_him_of_takingthecomputerawayfromthecompany.2.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责(1)blame...for...因……而责备……blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上
betoblame(for...)(因……)应承担责任；(因……)该受责备(2)taketheblamefor.../beresponsiblefor...对……负责puttheblame(for...)on...(把……)归咎于……(3)blamelessadj.无罪的；清白的betoblameforsth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。[词块]beartheblame承担责任blametheaccidentondangerousdriving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶单句语法填空①Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.②(全国卷Ⅲ)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.③Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwasto_blame(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.句式升级(普通表达)Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.④(高级表达)Blamed_for_the_breakdown_of_the_school_computer_network,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词短语作状语)3.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变(1)transform...into...把……改变成……transformfrom...to/into...从……转变为……(2)transformationn.转化；改变[词块]transformadesertintoagarden把沙漠变为花园aneventthatwouldtransformmylife会彻底改变我一生的一件事单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderabletransformation(transform)．②Everymomentofeveryday,energyisbeingtransformed(transform)fromoneformintoanother.③Iwasastudentandhadmylifetotallytransformed(transform)bythatexperience.词汇升级/句式升级
(普通表达)I'mfullyawarethattheexperiencefrommylifeabroadhastotallychangedme.④(高级表达)I'mfullyawarethatit's_the_experience_from_my_life_abroad_that_has_totally_transformed_me.(强调句型)4.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解(1)defendsb./sth.from/against...保护某人/某物免遭……；保卫某人/某物免遭……(2)defencen.防御；保卫；防御物indefenceof保卫……；为……辩护(3)defendern.捍卫者；保护者；防守队员；后卫(4)defensiveadj.防御的；防御用的；防御性的与defend...from/against用法类似的短语有prevent...(from),stop...(from),keep...from,protect...from/against,discourage...from等。若用于被动语态，from不可省略。[词块]defendtheirviews为他们自己的观点辩护defendthemselvesfrom/againstattacks保护他们自己免受袭击单句语法填空①(2020·浙江卷)Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebeardefense(defend)actionsweknew.②Manytreeswereplantedtheretodefendtheearthfrombeing_washed(wash)away.一句多译有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己以免遭某些攻击。③Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedto_defend_themselves_againstsomeattacks.(defend)④Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedin_defence_ofsomeattacks.(defence)5.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是afterall毕竟；终究allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall(否定句)一点儿也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟firstofall首先单句语法填空①Aboveall,I'mgoodatEnglishandChinese,whichwillplayanimportantroleincommunicatingwithforeigners.②Afterall,youwouldwantthisschooltochooseyouoveranotherexcellentChinesestudent.③(2019·江苏卷)Allinall,IprefertowearthetraditionalChinesedresswhengreetingtheexchangestudents.
翻译句子(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)总之，我真诚地邀请你到我们学校来亲自看看。④All_in_all,_I_sincerely_invite_you_to_come_to_our_school_and_see_for_yourself.6.sb./sth.belikelytodosth.(教材原文)Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易感染霍乱。(1)Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.＝It'slikelythatsb./sth....某人/某物做某事是可能的。(2)notlikely绝不可能，绝对不会(3)unlikelyadj.不可能的[金句]Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods,yourlearningefficiencyislikelytoimprove.如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就很可能会提高。单句语法填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelyto_recover(recover)atafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.②Ifoneislateforajobinterview,itisnotlikelythathewillgetthejob.③Someonewholackspersistenceisunlikely(likely)tomakeagoodresearcher.一句多译白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。④He_is_not_likely_to_comeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(likely)⑤It_is_not_likely_that_he_will_comeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(itislikelythat)⑥It_is_not_possible_for_him_to_comeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(itispossibleforsb.todo)⑦It_is_not_possible_that_he_will_comeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(itispossiblethat)⑧It_is_not_probable_that_he_will_comeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(probable)用所给词的正确形式填空1.Suspecting(suspect)thetravellerofcarryingdrugs,thecustomsofficialstoppedhimandlethimopenhissuitcase,butfoundnothingatall.2.Thepolicehadfiguredoutthecauseofthetrafficaccidentanditwasthedriverofthelorrythatshouldbeto_blame_(blame)forit.3.Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineer
to_handle(handle)theproblem.4.Withtheseyears'development,it'sbelievedthatChinawillbe_transformed(transform)intoanadvancedindustrialcountry.5.Thetreesplantedattheendofthe1990shavebecomeapowerfuldefence(defend)againstthestrongwind.在空白处填入一个适当的词1.Muchtooursurprisethemanwhohadbeeninchargeofthebigcompanywasaccusedoftakingdrugs.2.Heissuchamanwhoisalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.3.Thankstothehighspeedtrains,wecangoaroundalloverthecountrymoreconveniently.4.Ifyouwanttomakeprogressinyourstudies,aboveall,youmustbestrictwithyourself.5.Abigfirebrokeoutinthehotelyesterdayevening,whichcausedalotofdamage.查缺补漏1.Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunkdriving(醉酒驾驶),thenumberofaccidentshas_decreased(decrease)recently.2.IhaveaproblematworkandIdon'tknowhowto_handle(handle)it.3.Aphysicianshouldbeconsultedifthereisevidenceofinfection(infect)．4.Theyoungmanconsidershimselfasagifted(gift)writerbuthasn'thadanyfamousnovelspublishedsofar.5.Statistics(statistic)showthat50%ofnewbusinessesfailintheirfirstyearbecausetheylackenoughexperience.【教师用书独具】单元话题语篇练(2020·河北承德模拟)ArobotnamedTeotronico,designedbyMatteoSuzzifromItaly,isreallygoodat1.playing(play)thepiano—butthatcouldbe,2.becausehehas19fingers.Hecanalsosingandaccompany3.himself(him)onthedrumandjudgehismusicalability.Teotronicoistheonlyrobotintheworld4.thatisabletodoallthesethingsatthesametime.Healsohasvideocameras5.fixed(fix)inhiseyeswhichallowhimto“see”andinteract6.withthosearoundhim.34yearoldMatteosaid7.having(have)19fingersmakestherobot8.faster(fast)thanhumanperformersandenableshimtocoveranycompositionorsong.Hislefthandcoversthelowernotes,whiletherighthandcoversthemelodiclineandhehas9.an/oneextrafingeronthelefthand.Teotronicocostover$3,000andtookoverfouryearstocreate.“He10.has_performed(perform)atmanyprivatepartiesandisahitwiththeguests.Wearehopinghecanrevolutionisethemusicindustry，”saidMatteo.
单元话题写作练1.补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)①袁隆平是一位杰出的中国农业专家。YuanLongpingisanoutstandingChineseagriculturalexpert.②当他还是个孩子的时候，他就天资聪慧，能很好地掌握所有老师教他的知识。Whenhewasachild,hewasgiftedinabsorbingalltheknowledgewellthattheteacherscouldteachhim.③毕业后，袁博士彻底地投身于农业研究。Aftergraduation,DrYuandevotedhimselftotheagriculturalstudyonce_and_for_all.④他怀疑传统的种植方法，决心改变人们对水稻收成的观念。Hesuspectedthetraditionalplantingmethodsandwasdeterminedtotransformpeople'sconceptofriceharvest.⑤在研究过程中，袁博士遇到了各种各样的问题。Intheprocessofhisstudy,DrYuanwasfacedwithmultipleproblems.⑥袁博士经常整天暴露在雨和阳光下。DrYuanoftenexposed_himself_totherainandsunlightallday.⑦最后他提出了许多绝妙的研究结论。Atlastheputforwardmanybrilliant_findings.⑧由于他对农业的巨大贡献，袁博士将永远被称为“杂交水稻之父”。Thanks_tohisgreatcontributiontoagriculture,DrYuanwillalwaysberememberedas“FatherofHybridRice”．2.升级平淡句利用非谓语动词作状语升级1中句④Suspectingthetraditionalplantingmethods,DrYuanwasdeterminedtotransformpeople'sconceptofriceharvest.3.衔接成文YuanLongpingisanoutstandingChineseagriculturalexpert.Whenhewasachild,hewasgiftedinabsorbingalltheknowledgewellthattheteacherscouldteachhim.Aftergraduation,DrYuandevotedhimselftotheagriculturalstudyonceandforall.Suspectingthetraditionalplantingmethods,DrYuanwasdeterminedtotransformpeople'sconceptofriceharvest.Intheprocessofhisstudy,hewasfacedwithmultipleproblems.Besides,heoftenexposedhimselftotherainandsunlightallday.Atlastheputforwardmanybrilliantfindings.Thankstohisgreatcontributiontoagriculture,DrYuanwillalwaysberememberedas“FatherofHybridRice”．
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