M5Unit3Scienceandnature(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2021·高三月考)Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote(解毒药).Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformycompany.Iwantedotherstofindthecomfortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelcomingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.Wherethereoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it’saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了作者通过园艺接近大自然，放松工作和日常生活的压力，感受大自然的美，同时带给了作者极大的精神力量。1.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?A.Ithelpstodevelopatake-it-as-it-isattitude.B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression.D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuilds
acceptance.(有些花能开一天，有些花能开一个季节。有些人年复一年地回来。随着季节的流逝，你将以一种更深刻、更精神的方式与生活中的变化联系起来。这会让人接受)”可知，春生夏长，秋收冬藏，此天道之大经也，通过园艺作者学会接受生命的变化，大自然的一切。故园艺有助于培养一种接受现状的态度。故选A项。2.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?A.It’sbeautiful.B.It’srewardingC.It’sdepressingD.It’scooperative.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession(在课程结束时都会有一种极大的满足感)”以及“it'saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers(它是关于创造一些富有成效的东西，无论是单独还是与他人一起)”可知，园艺总会带来丰硕果实，带给人们满足感和希望。故选B项。3.Whatisthebesttitle?A.GardeningforFunB.ASenseofWonderC.SowingSeedsofHopeD.AVisionfortheFuture【答案】C【解析】标题判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.(但园艺给我们带来了希望，我们可以再次创造一些美丽的东西，空间将不再是空旷的)”可知，园艺播种希望的种子。故选C项。B(2021·全国高三二模)Manyblack-footedferrets(雪貂)oncelivedintheAmericanWest.Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土拨鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.Additionally,theenvironmentinwhichtheylivedwasdestroyed.Bythe1970s,mostexpertsbelievedthatblack-footedferretsnolongerexisted.Then,in1981,agroupofthemwerefoundinWyoming,buttheyweresuddenlyhitbyanunknowndiseaseinthemid-1980s,andtheirpopulationdecreasedtojust18.TheUSFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)caughtallofthemandtriedtoprotectthem.Allbutsevendied.Currently,there’rebetween400and500ferretsremaining.ButallofthemarerelatedtothesevenanimalsrescuedfromWyomingexceptElizabethAnn.Normally,theDNAoftheanimalsgetsmixedupwhendifferentpairsofanimalshavebabies.ThesmalldifferencesintheirDNAcanhelpprotectthegroupasawhole.Becausealllivingblack-footedferretsarecloselyrelated,theyallhavesimilarweaknesses.ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.
Inthe1980s,theDNAfromaferretnamedWillawasstoredinthe“FrozenZoo”runbySanDiegoZooGlobal.Hopefully,cloningwouldallowblack-footedferretstoreturntothewild.Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.Thematterwaslefthangingintheair.Butin1996,ascientistclonedasheep,called“Dolly”.Sincethen,manyotheranimalshavealsobeencloned.TheUSFWShasbeentalkingaboutcloningblack-footedferretssince2013.In2018,theyfinallygaveagroupcalledRevive&Restorepermissiontotryit.OnDecember10,2020,ElizabethAnnwasborn.Bloodtestshaveprovenhertobe100%black-footedferret.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。科学家利用一只死于30多年前的黑足雪貂的DNA，克隆出了一只健康的黑足雪貂伊丽莎白·安。他们希望通过克隆提高这些濒危雪貂的生存机会。4.Whatwasthemaincauseofblack-footedferrets’almostdyingoutbythe1970s?A.Theywereshortoffood.B.Theywerekilledbyfarmers.C.Theylosttheirlivingplaces.D.Theysufferedfromabaddisease.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句“Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土拨鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.”(它们主要以草原土拨鼠为食。但是当农民开始捕杀土拨鼠时，很多土拨鼠也死了。)可知，由于大量的土拨鼠被杀，黑足雪貂失去了食物来源而死亡。故选A。5.WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutcloningElizabethAnn?A.Theeffectivemethod.B.Thegreatsignificance.C.Thedifferenttypes.D.Thepotentialrisk.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段最后两句“ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.”(但是伊丽莎白·安是从20世纪80年代死去的动物身上克隆出来的，所以她的DNA非常不同。当这种DNA被重新混合进来时，未来的黑足雪貂总体上将会更健康)可知，本段主要在谈克隆伊丽莎白·安的意义所在。故选B。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangingintheair”inParagraph4mean?A.Unexpected.B.Unconcerned.C.Unresolved.D.Unexposed.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段第三句“Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.
”(克隆的想法是可以理解的，但很难对许多动物实施)可知，此处是指这件事无法解决。所以hangingintheair的意思是“悬而未决”。故选C。7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewcloningageiscoming.B.Anendangeredspeciessurvivedbycloning.C.Theresearchofferrets’DNAwasconducted.D.Thetruthoftheextinctionoftheferretswasrevealed.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了黑足雪貂的濒危状态，第二段讲述世界上现存的雪貂数量，其中伊丽莎白·安和被救的七只雪貂无关，第三段讲述了克隆伊丽莎白·安的意义所在，第四段讲述了克隆技术可能会让黑足雪貂重返野外和克隆技术的进程，最后一段讲述了伊丽莎白·安被成功克隆出来。所以文章主要是讲黑足雪貂这种濒临灭绝的物种靠克隆活了下来。故选B。C(2021·全国高三模拟)Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(转基因)foods.A2018researchcenterfoundthat49%ofAmericansthinkfoodscontainingGMingredients(成分)areworseforone'shealththannaturalfoods.Slightlyfewerpeople,44%,believefoodswithGMingredientsareneitherbetternorworseforone'shealth.Only5%sayGMfoodsarebetterforone'shealth.Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.InAmerica,allGMfoodsmustbeapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),whichrequirescarefulassessment.GMfoodscanresultinanimprovementofafood'sappearanceortaste;someGMfoodsmaturefasterandareslowertorot.So,whydohalfofAmericansbelievefoodscontainingGMingredientsareworse?Onereasonistheincreasedinterestinnaturalandorganicfoods.Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.Thescientificconsensus,basedonmanystudies,isthatGMfoodsarenotdangeroustohumanhealth.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationarguesthatGMfoodscanevenbehealthierforyou.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)statesthat.“GMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarkethavepassedsafetyassessmentsandarenotlikelytopresentrisksforhumanhealth”.FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人们以及科学界对于转基因食物的争议。
8.Whydoestheauthormentionthestudyinthebeginning?A.TodefineGMfoods.B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Toexpressanopinion.D.Toprovideevidence.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(转基因)foods….Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.(很少有什么能像转基因食品那样引起如此大的争议。2018年的一个研究中心发现，49%的美国人认为含有转基因成分的食品比天然食品更有害健康。略少一些的人(44%)认为含有转基因成分的食物对健康既没有好处也没有坏处。只有5%的人认为转基因食品对健康更有益。因此，该中心揭示，在美国人中，关于转基因食品是否有害的意见几乎是一半对一半。)可知，本段介绍了一项关于人们对转基因食物是否对人体健康有害的观点的调研，目的是通过介绍人们对于转基因食物的观点来引出本文的主题。故选B。9.WhatcarpweinferaboutGMfoods?A.Theytastebetterbutripeslower.B.It’shardtoavoidthemindailylife.C.Theydiffergreatlyfromnaturalfoods.D.It'seasytodeterminewhetherthey'resafe.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.”(不管他们对转基因食品的看法如何，它们几乎已经在美国各地被消费。大约90%的农作物，如玉米，是转基因的。在美国加工的几乎所有食品中都含有一种或多种这类成分)由此可推知，在日常生活中很难避免转基因食物。故选B。10.Whydonearly50%ofAmericansbelieveGMfoodsareworse?A.Thelong-terminfluenceofGMfoodsisn’tclear.B.OrganicfoodsarehealthierthanGMfoods.C.WHObelievesthatGMfoodsratherriskyforhealth.D.Thefiguresofthestudiesmayheinaccurate.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,are
unknown.”(另一个原因是，食用转基因食品的长期影响尚不清楚，这种食品大约在20年前才被引入)由此可知，几乎50%的美国人都认为转基因食物不好是因为它们的长期影响还不清楚。故选A。11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Approving.B.Skeptical.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段“FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.”(食品安全组织希望表达转基因食品是安全的，但在可能进行长期研究之前，许多人仍将持怀疑态度。)可知，作者客观地介绍了当今各个组织以及人们对于转基因食物的看法，并未明确说明自己的观点。由此可推知，作者对于转基因食物的态度是客观的。故选C。D(2021·上海浦东新区高三模拟)Ontheoccasionalclear-frostautumnnight,IwashikingthroughthedarkforestwithmyGMOwolf.Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(转基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.Ourworldischangingrapidly.Inthelastfivedecades,globalpopulationhasfullydoubled,with3.7billionhungrymouthsaddedtoourplanet.Duringthissametimespan,theamountoflandsuitableforagriculturehasincreasedbyonly5%.Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamineonemighthavepredicted.Howdoscientistsmodifyaplantsothatitmakesmorefoodthanitsparentsdid?Wecouldtreateachharvestlikealitterofwolfpupsandselectonlyplantsbearingthefattest,richestseedsforthenextseason.Thiswasthemethodourancestorsusedtoengineerrice,comandwheatfromthewildgrassestheyencountered.Duringmychildhood,advancesingenetictechnologiesallowedscientiststoidentifyandclonethegenesresponsibleforrepressingstemgrowth,leadingtoshorter,strongerstalksthatcouldbearmoreseed—thehigh-yieldcropsthatfeedustoday.The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.PlantgeneticistscannowdirectlyeditoutoreditinsectionsofDNAusingmolecularscissors.Wecanminimizeaplant’sweaknesseswhileaddingtoitsstrengths,andwedon’thavetowaitforseasonstopasstotesttheresult.Itisthetransformativepotentialofthesetechniquestoquicklysupplythenext-generationcropsrequiredforupcomingclimatechangethathasledmetobelieveinthesafetyandfunctionofGMOplantsinagriculturalproducts.WeneedmoreGMOresearchtofeedtheworldthatwearecreating.Ilovethequietforestthatstandsbetweenmylabandmyhome.ButIknowthatasascientist,Iamresponsiblefirsttohumanity.Wemustfeed,shelterandnurtureoneanotherasourfirstpriority,andtodoso,wemusttake
advantageofourbesttechnologies,whichhavealwaysincludedsometypeofgeneticmodification.Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.IkeepthefaithofmyancestorseachnightwhenIwalkthroughtheforesttomylab,andmyGMOwolfdoesthesamewhensheguardsmywayhome.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喂养后代的转基因食物工程。12.Whydoestheauthormentionthewolfinthe1stparagraph?A.Toadvisepeopletokeepwolvesaspets.B.Topersuadereaderstowelcomethenewtechnology.C.Tochangepeople’sattitudetowardswolves.D.Tointroduceatechnologyusedtohumans’advantage.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(转基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.(是的，我最好的朋友是一个转基因生物，刻意的选择产生了一个钝牙小爪子的怪物走在我身边)”可知，转基因狼成了作者的宠物，并陪伴在其身边，因此作者在第一段提到狼是为了引入对人类有好处的转基因生物，即介绍一种用于人类利益的技术。故选D项。13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GMOtechnologywillhelpweatherprooffuturecrops.B.WithGMOtechnology,faminehasbeeneliminated.C.Artificialselectionsmakehigh-yieldplantspossible.D.Theauthorbelievestechnologyshouldcontributetofuturegenerations.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamine(饥荒)onemighthavepredicted.(神奇的是，这并没有导致人们可能会预测到的全球大饥荒)”可知，转基因技术没有出现人们预测的大饥荒，但是也并没有消灭饥荒。故选B项。14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmodifyingaplant?A.Ittakesscientistsseasonstoknowwhethertheirselectioniscorrect.B.Onewayforancestorstochangeaplantwastoclonesomegenes.C.ModemtechniqueshelpspeeduptheartificialselectionbyalteringDNA.D.ThegeneralpublicshowstrongfaithinGMOplants,n【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.(21世纪带来了一系列令人惊叹的新高科技工具，这些工具进一步加速了人工选择的过程)”可知，现代技术通过改变DNA来加速人工选择。故选C项。15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.GMOTechnology—TurningWolvesintotheBestPetsB.EngineeredFood—FeedingFutureGenerationsC.EngineeredFood—ToBeorNotToBeD.GMOTechnology—ADrivingForceinWorldPeace【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.(我们必须继续像以前一样，在养活自己的同时滋养未来，每年只种植我们共同设计出来的最好的东西)”可知，文章主要介绍的了转基因粮食对供养不断增加的人口的好处，即文章主要介绍了对未来喂养后代的转基因食物工程。故选B项。二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·北京市潞河中学高三三模)Theadventofhigh-techeraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.Fromancienttimes,1Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.Onthepositiveside,2Onthenegativeside,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibilityofcivilianuprisingDuringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.3Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19th
centuriescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.4Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakestheeconomyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhasmasteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehavestabilizedandstoppedgrowing.5Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.Asforthefollow-up,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirectionA.humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfireB.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththecomingofthenextWorldWarC.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.WeshouldtreattherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyesD.theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctionsE.ThepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportionF.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankindG.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了科技发展的历史，说明高科技时代的到来仍然是基于人类使用工具能力的发展，并阐述了不同阶段科技发展的优缺点。1.【答案】A【解析】空格前是逗号，讲述从古代，人们运用工具的情况，首字母不大写，确定A、D项。下文“Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.”(这些能力的积极方面被人类的生存本能挖掘出来，而消极方面则因为微不足道而被忽视)A项中的“usestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfire”(用石斧砍树，钻木取火)对应下文的theseabilities，且与第一段的“humanabilitytousetools”呼应。故选A。2.【答案】D【解析】空格前是逗号，所填句子首字母不大写,确定A、D项。根据“Onthepositiveside”(积极的一面)可知，此处描述前文“Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.(当有组织的文明开始在地球上出现时，人们开始制造交通工具)”积极的方面，也就是人们制作交通工具的积极影响，D项中的“enhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmore
functions(提高了承载能力，功能更丰富)”说明了其积极作用，与下文的“Onthenegativeside”相互呼应。故选D。3.【答案】C【解析】根据上文“Duringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.(17、19世纪是中世纪与现代世界的交替时期，工业革命如火如荼，人类手中有许多伟大的发明，如蒸汽机和许多工厂)”说明17、19世纪人类有许多发明，下文“Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.(积极的一面为科学探索提供了坚实的基础，大大增强了动力，大大增强了承载能力。消极的一面是环境污染大大加剧了)”说明了这些发明的积极作用和消极作用都提高了，因此推断空格处承上启下，C项中的“Thepositiveandnegativeaspects”引出下文，故C项“积极方面和消极方面都按比例增加”符合语境，故选C。4.【答案】B【解析】根据上文“Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.(20世纪，人类开始使用核能，17世纪到19世纪的优势继续大幅增长。)”说明核能的出现以及优势大幅度增加，下文“Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.”(与此同时，消极影响也大幅度提高，)因此推断空格处也是在讲述核能的优势，B项中的“Inaddition”与上文构成递进关系，继续说明核能的益处，“nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation”(核威慑稳定了世界局势)，故选B。5.【答案】F【解析】根据下文“Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.(但缺点是不可避免的。例如，互联网使许多网民沉迷于互联网，网络犯罪猖獗，人工智能的发展在一定程度上可能产生自我意识，有可能以其高智能来抵抗人类)”说明互联网带来的不利之处，由But可推断，空格处说明互联网，人工智能等的积极的影响，F项中的“However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankind”(然而，互联网、人工智能、新能源开发等新兴领域给人类带来了巨大的利益)与下文的举例一致，且“greatlybenefitedmankind”说明了它们的好处，与下文是转折关系，故选F。
三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·河北高三一模)FaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromessometimeshaverevealingfacialfeaturesbutusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbe1giventherearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.Anewneuralnetworkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctors2thepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltneuralnetworktolookattheoverallimpressionoffacesand3alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.They4theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.TheteamthenaskedtheAlto5potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalso6theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(变异)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysicalappearance64percentofthetime.It’sclearlynot7butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthatweremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare8andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmake-upandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsabout9.Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto10againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.11,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybeavailableforusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbring12tothosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultra-rarediseases,the13ofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen14thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsaddmeansoffindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand,15helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究人员利用新的技术手段，可以通过脸型让人工智能发现罕见的疾病。1.A.convincingB.trickyC.reliableD.profitable【答案】B【解析】A.convincing令人信服的；B.tricky棘手的；C.reliable可靠的；D.profitable有利可图的，赢利的。根据“therearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.”可知人们可能患有数百种可能的病症，利用这些特征来做出快速而廉价的诊断可能很棘手。故选B。2.A.bringaboutB.resultfromC.narrowdownD.ruleout【答案】C【解析】A.bringabout引起；B.resultfrom起因于；C.narrowdown缩小；D.ruleout排除。根据下文“Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen...thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.”可知一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小这种可能性。故选C。3.A.returnB.inputC.topD.feed【答案】C【解析】A.return返回；B.input输入；C.top居……之首；D.feed喂食，进食。根据“the10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.”可知这里意思是把一个人最有可能患有的10种基因综合症列出来。故选C。4.A.basedB.imposedC.concentratedD.trained【答案】D【解析】A.based以……为基础；B.imposed把……强加于；C.concentrated集中，聚集；D.trained训练。根据“on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.”可知研究人员对神经网络进行了训练。故选D。5.A.identifyB.distinguishC.transformD.cure【答案】A【解析】A.identify识别；B.distinguish区分；C.transform使改观，使变形；D.cure治疗。根据“potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.”可知研究小组随后要求人工智能从另外502张患有这种疾病的人的照片中识别出潜在的遗传疾病。故选A。6.A.testedB.demonstratedC.recognizedD.modified【答案】A【解析】A.tested测试；B.demonstrated证明；C.recognized识别，认识到；D.modified
调整，修改，修饰。根据“theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(变异)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.”可知古罗维奇和他的团队还测试了神经网络区分导致同一种综合症的不同基因突变的能力。故选A。7.A.acceptableB.perfectC.considerableD.workable【答案】B【解析】A.acceptable可接受的；B.perfect完美的；C.considerable相当大的；D.workable切实可行的。根据下文“butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.”可知尽管它并不完美，但它仍然比人类尝试做到这一点要好得多。故选B。8.A.coveredB.excludedC.highlightedD.supervised【答案】C【解析】A.covered覆盖；B.excluded排除；C.highlighted突出；D.supervised监督。根据“andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.”可知在系统进行评估时，对判断最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示。故选C。9.A.objectivityB.accuracyC.reliabilityD.privacy【答案】D【解析】A.objectivity客观性；B.accuracy准确性；C.reliability可靠性；D.privacy隐私。根据“Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto...againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.”可知这一事实引发了有关隐私的问题。故选D。10.A.discriminateB.fightC.argueD.vote【答案】A【解析】A.discriminate歧视；B.fight与……斗争；C.argue争论；D.vote选举。根据“thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould”和“peoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.”可知雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这类技术来歧视那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人。故选A。11.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.However【答案】D【解析】A.Furthermore此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否则；D.However然而。“雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这类技术来歧视那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人”与“该工具将只供临床医生使用”之间是转折关系，用however。故选D。12.A.challengesB.benefitsC.damagesD.concerns
【答案】B【解析】A.challenges挑战；B.benefits利益；C.damages毁坏；D.concerns关心。根据“Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.”可知对于某些疾病，这项技术将大大缩短诊断时间，会为那些有遗传综合症的人的带来诊断的便捷，所以会为那些患有遗传综合症的人带来显著的好处。故选B。13.A.treatmentB.responseC.consequenceD.process【答案】D【解析】A.treatment治疗；B.response反应；C.consequence结果；D.process过程，进程。根据“Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.”可知对于一些非常罕见的疾病，诊断过程可能需要很多年。故选D。14.A.repliedB.confirmedC.consideredD.addressed【答案】B【解析】A.replied回答；B.confirmed确诊；C.considered考虑，；D.addressed解决。根据“thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.”可知这里意思是通过检测基因标记来确定诊断。故选B。15.A.bycontrastB.inturnC.inadditionD.insummary【答案】B【解析】A.bycontrast与之相比；B.inturn反过来；C.inaddition此外；D.insummary总之，总的来说。根据“helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.”可知这里意思是对其他人来说，它可能会增加发现其他患有这种疾病的人的手段，反过来有助于发现新的治疗方法或治愈方法。故选B。四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2021·全国高二语法填空)Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Thefirstmammaltobecloned1(success)fromanadultcellwasDolly,thesheep.Shewasbornin1996anddiedinearly2003,atamuchyoungerage2normal.Whenshewasborn,manypeople3(are)worriedthatcloningwouldleadtomorediseasesintheanimalworld.However,ingeneralthescientists4(praise)fortheirwonderfulscientificadvance.IanWilmut,theScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly,isshockedthatsomescientistsarenow5(consideration)cloninghumanbeings.Althoughheresearchescloning,his6(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.Insteadhethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrate7creatingnewtissuesand
organsthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotof8(anxious),itisgoodnewsforthepersonswhocannothaveababy.SoSeverinoAntinori,9Italianphysician,hasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirst10(clone)ahumanbeing.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆技术的发展情况，尽管克隆技术有争议，但在某些方面也带来了福音。1.【答案】successfully【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。此处应用副词修饰动词cloned。故填successfully。句意：第一只克隆成功的哺乳动物是绵羊多莉。2.【答案】than【解析】考查连词。根据前面形容词比较级，应该填than。句意：她出生于1996年，2003年初去世，比正常年龄小得多。3.【答案】were【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“Whenshewasborn,”可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语为“manypeople”可知，使用were。句意：当她出生时，许多人担心克隆会导致动物世界更多的疾病。4.【答案】werepraised【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。本句为一般过去时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填werepraised。句意：然而，总的来说，科学家们因他们出色的科学进步而受到赞扬。5.【答案】considering【解析】考查词性转换(动词)。根据前面的助动词are可知，这里需要动词的现在分词形式，以构成现在进行时态，故填considering。句意：创造多利羊的苏格兰科学家伊恩·威尔莫特对一些科学家现在考虑克隆人类感到震惊。6.【答案】intention【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填intention。句意：虽然他研究克隆，但他的目的从来都不是创造人类的复制品。7.【答案】on【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。concentrateon集中精力于，全神贯注于。句意：相反，他认为研究工作应该集中于创造新的组织和器官，用于治疗癌症等疾病。8.【答案】anxiety【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。根据动词“is
causing”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，anxiety意为“焦虑”，是不可数名词。故填anxiety。句意：尽管人类克隆引起了许多焦虑，但这对那些不能生育的人来说是个好消息。9.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。physician为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，且Italian发音是元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。10.【答案】toclone【解析】考查非谓语动词。名词被序数词或本身就是序数词时，应用不定式作后置定语。故填toclone。句意：因此，意大利医生塞韦里诺·安蒂诺里宣布，他想成为第一个克隆人。五、写作写作(一)(改编自2021·福建高二月考)你班即将举行主题为“Shouldhumancloningbeallowed?”的英语辩论赛。请你写一篇发言稿。内容包括：1.你的观点：2.你的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Shouldhumancloningbeallowed?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Shouldhumancloningbeallowed?Helloeveryone!Todaywearehavingadebateonwhetherhumancloningshouldbeallowed.Ifirmlybelievethathumancloningshouldbebanned.Firstofall,itisunnatural.Aseveryoneknows,naturehasitsownruleandifhumanbeingsgoagainstnature,wewilltaketheconsequenceandmaybeonourwaytoproducingamonster.Secondly,itmaycausecloningtechnologyabuse.Forexample,someevilleaderswillhopetoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.Finally,itcanalsocausemoralproblems.Afterall,whowillnotbeconfusedwithtwoormoremothers?Therefore,I’magainsthumancloning.
That’sall.Thankyou!写作(二)(2021·山东高三三模)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onemorningonmywaytoschool,noticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvestcarryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具).“What’sthatladydoing?”Iaskedmum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun,”mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun?”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI’dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledandwavedathereachtimeIsawher.Later,Imovedtohighschool.ThetimeIsawrubbishhereandthereIfeltreallyannoyed.ThenI’dthink,“Whyisn’tanyonepickingupthisrubbish?PeoplearesoinconsiderateI”However,shortlyafter,Irealizedpickinguptherubbishwasnotsomeoneease’sproblem.NowIcouldn’twalkpastlitterwithoutfeelingguilty.Ivolunteeredtocleanuprubbisharoundourschool.Strangeasitmightsound,pickinguplitterwaskindofathrillforme!Infact,Iwassodeterminedthatformy17thbirthdayIboughtmyselfarubbishclaw,reusableglovesandareflectivesafetyyellowvestwithmyownnameonit.Duringmyfirstattemptinmystylishequipment,metwithunfriendlylooksfromothersasifIwereacriminaldoingcommunityservice.Oneday,Ihadanepiphany(顿悟):“I’mactingjustlikeVestLady!”Buttherewastoomuchrubbisharound,cigaretteendslitteredabout,cansrollingonthestreet,piecesofpaperhiddeninthegrassandplastic.alonewastooweakJHowwouldIgetmorevolunteersinvolvedinrubbishremoval?Asmartideaflashedintomymind.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para1:SoonIcreatedmywebsitegopickingupcom.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2:
Moreandmorepeopleonvestswiththeirownnames.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】SoonIcreatedmywebsitego.pickingup.com.OnthewebsiteIlaunchedarubbishremovalcampaign.Idescribedmypurpose—callingonvolunteerstopickuprubbish.Ipostedpicturesofrubbishlitteredaboutonthewebsite,whichcouldnotonlyillustratetheseveresituationbutalsoshowthatalargenumberofvolunteerswereingreatneed.Besides,IsharedthestoryofVestLadywhoinfluencedmesomuch.Surprisingly,mywebsitegraduallybecameabighitontheinternet.Moreandmorepeopleputonvestswiththeirownnames.Volunteerscouldbeseenpickinguprubbishintheirsparetime.Theyellowvestsmadebeautifulsceneryintheparkoronthestreet.Withourjointefforts,theenvironmentbecamebetterandbetter.Whatdelightedmemostwasthatpeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionwasimproved.Therubbishremovalcampaignwasabigsuccess.ThankstoVestLadywhorootedthesenseofenvironmentalprotectioninmymind,morepeoplebecameVest
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