M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(学案)

M5Unit3Scienceandnature(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)单元知识清单(词汇、短语和句型)项目单词(包括词性变化——语法填空必备)重点单词accurateadj.准确的，精确的(副词+ly)→accuracyn.准确性actualadj.真实的，实际的→actuallyadv.真实地，实际地adoptv.收养，领养，采纳，采用→adoptedadj.被收养的，被采用的→adoptionn.收养，采取→adoptiveadj.有收养关系的agriculturen.农业→agriculturaladj.农业的anxietyn.忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxiousadj.焦虑的，渴望的(副词+ly)briefadj.短暂的，简洁的→brieflyadv.短暂地，简洁地conductv.实施，指挥乐队→conductorn.售票员，(电)导体，(乐队)指挥confirmv.证实，证明，确认，使确信→confirmedadj.已被确定的，已被证实的，根深蒂固的→confirmationn.确定，确证，确认书，证明书consequencen.结果，后果，重要性，重大意义→consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的→consequentlyadv.因此，结果，必然地considerationn.仔细考虑，必须考虑的因素，体谅，顾及→considerv.考虑，认为→consideringprep.鉴于，考虑到→considerateadj.体贴的，考虑周到的(副词+ly)→considerableadj.相当大的(副词considerably)crimen.罪，罪行→criminaln.罪犯，犯人adj.犯罪的，刑事的，可耻的exactadj.精确的，准确的→exactlyadv.精确地，准确地frightenv.使惊吓，使惊恐→frighteningadj.令人害怕的→frightenedadj.(人)感到害怕的→frightn.恐怖，惊吓harvestv.收割(庄稼)n.收获，收成→harvestern.收割机，收割庄稼的人hungern.饥饿，饥荒→hungryadj.饥饿的insertv.插入，嵌入→insertionn.插入(物)intentionn.意图，打算→intendv.打算→intentionaladj.有意的→intentionallyadv.有意地judgmentn.判断力，看法，评价，(法律)判决→judgev.判断legaladj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal(反义词)不合法的，非法的，违法的nutritionn.营养→nutritionaladj.(食物中)营养的，营养成分的→nutritionallyadv.有营养地originaladj.原来的，起初的，首创的，非复制的(副词+ly)→originn.起源，出身，来历 →originatev.起源，发源，发端于permissionn.准许，许可，批准→permitv.允许n.许可证professionn.职业，行业→professionaladj.职业的，专业的profitn.利润，收益v.获益，对……有用→profitableadj.有利可图的，赢利的，有益的，有利润的，有好处的relationn.关系，亲戚→relateadj.使……有联系，与……有某种联系→relatedadj.相关的；有联系的reliableadj.可信赖的，可依靠的→reliabilityn.可靠性→relyv.依靠，依赖summaryn.总结，概括，概要→summarizev.总结，概括tastyadj.美味的，可口的→tastev.品尝transformvt.使改观，使变形→transformationn.变化，转换，转换，变换modifyv.调整，修改，修饰breakthroughn.突破catastrophen.灾难，灾祸channeln.频道，渠道，航道conceptn.概念，观念incomen.收入，收益majorityn.多数，大多数ordinaryadj.普通的，一般的physiciann.医师，内科医生real-lifeadj.真实的，现实生活中的识记单词chainn.一系列，一连串(人或事)celln.细胞，小隔间，电池clonevt.克隆n.克隆出来的动物或植物acren.英亩fellown.家伙，同事，同伴，男子goatn.山羊pestn.害虫radiationn.辐射，放射线rainforestn.雨林saleswomann.女售货员，女推销员重点短语belimitedto局限于be/getburntout耗尽体力，累垮commenton对……作出评论comparedwith与……相比较concentrateon集中精力于，全神贯注于dealwith处理，对付followinone’sfootsteps效仿某人meetone’sneeds/demand满足某人的需求openup打开，开发pointout指出pushaheadwith义无反顾地进行，努力推进put...inplace准备就绪，布置妥当showrespectfor/to对……表示敬意/尊重take...intoconsideration认真考虑toywith戏弄，摆弄，把……当作儿戏asto至于，关于forsale供出售，待销售inagreementwith同意，与……一致infavourof赞同，支持 insummary总之，总的来说ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……，另一方面……onapersonalnote就我个人而言pointofview观点ratherthan而不是withtheintentionof/todosth.带着……(做某事的)目的经典句型1.aswellas句型【教材原句】InChina,scientistshavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimals,aswellasclonedtissuestobeusedinmedicaltreatment.(P42)在中国，科学家们除了致力于用于医疗方面的器官的克隆还致力于动物的克隆。2.“主语+be+形容词+(forsb.)+不定式”句型【教材原句】Therefore,wecannotconfirmthatfoodfromclonedanimalsisreallysafeforhumanstoeat.(P57)所以，我们不能确定从克隆动物身上得来的食物人吃起来是否真的安全。3.否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用【教材原句】Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodifiedfood.(P59)转基因食品就是最好的例子。词汇句型精讲一、重点词汇重点词汇-1.intention【原句呈现】①Althoughheresearchescloning,hisintentionhasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.②However,somepeoplebelievethatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.【知识要点】①intentionn.意图，目的，企图，打算→intentionaladj.故意的，有意的，存心的→intentionallyadv.故意地，有意地，存心地→intendv.打算，打算供……使用，打算使……成为想要，企图②相关短语：byintention故意地，刻意地withtheintentionof打算……，以……为目的withoutintention无意地，不是故意地havenointentionofdoingsth.无意做某事intendtodo/doingsth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事intendsth.forsb.为某人准备某物 hadintended/plannedtosth.本打算做某事(却没有做)beintendedforsth./todosth.为……(专门)准备的/设计的，旨在做某事【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(2020·江苏高三月考)Wehaven’tfoundanyevidenceofhissystematicattempttoruinourreputation,butwestillsuspecthedidit_________.②(百度翻译)Thisaccidentmayhavebeencausedbyan_________criminalact.③(2021·全国高一课时练习)Mymother__________________holdapartyformyfather’sbirthday.④(2021·全国高一课时练习)Butsheisbusywithwork,soshe_________me_________prepareforit.⑤(2021·乌鲁木齐市第三中学高一期末)Don’targuewithyourmother,Peter.Thefilmis__________________adultsandyoucan’tseeit.⑥(汉英大词典)IfI’vehurtyourfeelings,itwasquite_________without_________.⑦(2021·全国高一课时练习)Manycollegestudentswenttothepoorarea,_________the_________ofhelpingtheneedythere.⑧(2020·内蒙古包头市北重三中高二期中)It’saapparentthatshe_________no_________ofchanginghermind.⑨(百度翻译)Iamnotapersonpursuingpositionandwealth_________________.⑩(2019·海南高二月考)Thestorybookis_________________childrenaged4to7.⑪(2021·山西高二期中)We________toarriveatourdestinationat9o’clock,butwedidn’tbecauseofthetrafficjam.重点词汇-2.anxiety【原句呈现】Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotofanxiety,itisgoodnewsforFayeWilson,a41-year-oldsaleswomanwhocannothaveababy.【知识要点】①anxietyn.忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxiousadj.焦虑的，担心的，渴望的，非常希望的→anxiouslyadv.忧虑地，不安地，焦虑地②相关短语：theanxietyforsth/todosth对……的渴望toone’sanxiety使某人焦虑的是withanxiety焦虑地anxietyabout对……的焦虑beanxiousabout，为/对……而担心/焦虑【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(2020·天津高三一模)Apartfrom________,thenovelcoronavirushasalsobroughtopportunitiestosomeindustriesandchangestoourlifestyles.②(2019·全国高二课时练习)Hewas________________thecomingexam,glancingathiswatchoccasionally.③(2021·全国高一课时练)Whilehermotherwasbeingoperatedon,shewaited________outside.④(2021·天津市静海区四校高一阶段检测)Wehadarrangedtomeetattherailwaystationbut________ our________,shedidn’tturnup.⑤(海词词典)Wewaitedwithanxietyforourexaminationresults.⑥(2020·江苏高三三模)________________socialstatusleadstohighlevelsofstress,whichinturnleadstohealthproblems.重点词汇-3.adopt【原句呈现】“Iamanxioustohaveachildofmyown,”shesays.“Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse’schild—ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.’”【知识要点】①adoptv.收养，领养，采纳，采用→adoptedadj.被收养的，被采用的→adoptionn.收养，采取→adoptiveadj.有收养关系的②adoptone’sidea采纳某人的意见adoptanewstandard/measure采取新标准/措施③adopt与adapt是形似词容易混淆，adapt意为“适应，改编，改写”。【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(海词词典)Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasan________son.②(2020·绥化市第一中学高一月考)TheCOVID-19pandemichasbasicallychangedconsumerbehaviour,makingdigital________adoptionandtransformationanecessity.③(百度翻译)Hewasbroughtupby________parentsinLondon.④(2021·全国高一专题练习)Thismovieissaidtobe________fromanovelbyJaneAusten.⑤(2020·石嘴山市三中高三月考)Finally,I________herideathatIshould________myselftothenewlifeherefirst.重点词汇-4.consequence【原句呈现】Ifwetoywithnature,wewillhavetodealwiththeconsequences.【知识要点】①consequencen.结果，后果，重要性，重大意义→consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的→consequentlyadv.因此，结果，必然地②相关短语：asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult因此，结果inconsequenceof=asaconsequenceof由于……的缘故，因而，因此dealwith/take/face/suffertheconsequences处理/承担/承担后果/自食其果ofno/littleconsequence无足轻重的，不重要的【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(2019·全国高二课时练)Mycarbrokedownand________Iwaslate.②(2021·全国高二课时练)Thisisanexampleofhowtheabuseofpublictrustinthemediacanhaveserious________.③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Theyattachimportancetothingsthatare_________no________.④(2021·黑龙江高二课时练)As________________________allhishardtraining,Paulwas abletotaketheleadintherace.⑤(2020·黑龙江牡丹江一中高二月考)Allenwasfoundguiltyandlosthisjob________________________it.⑥(2021·长春市榆树高级中学高一期中)Hefellfromthebikeandbrokehisleg.________________(________),hewillhavetobeawayfromschoolfortwoorthreemonths.重点词汇-5.transform【原句呈现】Onapersonalnote,cloningwouldtotallytransformmylife.(P43)【知识要点】①transformv.使改变外观或性质；使改变形态→transformationn.变化，改观，转变，改革②相关短语：transform...into...使……变成……transforminto转化成，改造为transform...from...into...把……从……变成……其被动式为：betransformedfrom...into...由……变成……；由……迁到……【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(2019·全国高二课时练习)Hewasstrugglingtomakethe________fromasinglemantoaresponsiblehusband.②(2019·全国高二课时练习)Withthedesert________intotheoasis,manypeoplesettleddownthere.④(百度翻译)Everymomentofeveryday,energyisbeingtransformed________oneform________another.⑤(2019·全国高二课时练习)Theyhavetransformedthemselves________permanentcitysettlers.⑥(2020·江苏高三开学考试)“MadeinChina2025”initiativeaimstotransformChina________fromamanufacturinggiant________intoaworldmanufacturingpower,onedrivenbyinnovationandemphasizesqualityoverquantity.重点词汇-6.confirm【原句呈现】Therefore,wecannotconfirmthatfoodfromclonedanimalsisreallysafeforhumanstoeat.【知识要点】①confirmv.证实，证明，确认，使确信→confirmedadj.已被确定的，已被证实的，根深蒂固的→confirmationn.确定，确证，确认书，证明书②相关短语与句型：confirmsb.insth.使某人确信某事confirmthat/wh-clause确定，证实……Ithasbeenconfirmedthat(从句)，已经确定/证实/证明……【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(海词词典)Ifyoubelieveyoureallyaresymptomatic,seeyourphysicianfor________ofthediagnosis.②(2020·全国高一开学考试)Itissaidthatthenumberof________casesinBeijinghasreachedover300duringthepastdays. ③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Hissupportconfirms_________more_________mybelieftogoabroad.④(2021·高一月考)________is/hasbeen________________anewcampusofBashuSecondarySchoolwillbeputintousenextyear.⑤(2021·高一月考)Harrytelephonedtotheairporttoconfirm________Flight24forSanFranciscoisdepartingontime.重点词汇-7.ontheonehand【原句呈现】Ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues—suchasboneorlungtissue—thatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.【知识要点】相关短语：ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)一方面……，另一方面……，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等。foronething...foranother(thing)首先……，再者……，一方面……，另一方面……，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致。【单句填空】填上恰当的词：①(2019·全国高二课时练习)________________________handbeingexposedtoadvertisementscanchangepeople’sopinions.②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)________________________hand,wehavetodeveloptheeconomy,but________________________(hand),weshouldbeconcernedabouttheenvironment.③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Thedressisunfitforyou.________________________,itisabittoolargeforyou;________________(________),thecolordoesn’tsuityou.重点词汇-8.pushaheadwith【原句呈现】Somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.【知识要点】相关短语：pushaheadwith义无反顾地进行，(努力)推进/推动pushahead奋勇前进pushback把……向后推，把……推回原处pushthrough使……通过,使……得到批准，完成，穿过，挤过pushaside不考虑，不去想，避开，把……放到一边，排除pushsb./sth.over使某人/某物倒下或推翻pushsth.forward提出某事pushfor推动，着力pushsb.intodoingsth.怂恿某人做某事【单句填空】填上恰当的词：①(2020·江苏高二期末)Chinainsiststhattherelevantsidessitdownandexchangeviewswiththeintentionofbreakingthedeadlocktopush________________tradetalks. ②(2020·江苏南京师大附中高二月考)Iam________________onmywayandIdon’twanttobeinterruptedbyanythingthatstandsinmypath.③(北京四中2018-2019学年下学期高二年级期中测试英语试卷)Thedoctorpushed________thecrowdtogettotheinjuredman.④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Theyaretryingtopush________allobstaclesanddifficultiestofinishthetaskbytheendoftheendofthemonth.⑤(2020·徐州高级中学高三一模)Thegovernmentstaredpushing________closureoforphanages,preferringtoplacechildreninprivatehomes,hopefullywithrelatives.⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Jamesdidnotpushher________stealingthemoney.⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)I’dliketopush________mydeparturetothe13th,ifpossible.重点词汇-9.take...intoconsideration【原句呈现】Insummary,IinsistthatyoutaketheopinionsofthepeopleoftheUKintoconsideration,andendthispracticeimmediately.【知识要点】①considerationn.仔细考虑，必须考虑的因素，体谅，顾及→considerv.考虑，认为→consideringprep.鉴于，考虑到→considerateadj.体贴的，考虑周到的(consideratelyadv.)→considerableadj.相当大的(considerablyadv.)②相关短语和句型：take...intoconsideration把……考虑在内(被动语态：betakenintoconsideration)outofconsiderationfor出于对……考虑Itisconsiderateofsb.todosth.某人做某事很体贴【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Hetreatseveryoneequallyand________.②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)It’shardlysurprisingthatshe’sangry,________whatyousaid.③(2021·天津耀华中学高三期末)Chinahasbeengiven________creditforfightingagainstCovid-19withitscarefulorganizationandstrictregulationaroundtheglobe.④(2020-2021学年高中英语新教材同步备课)Incontrasttoherbrother,shewasalways________inhertreatmentofothers.⑤(牛津高阶英汉双解词典)Theneedforsleepvaries________frompersontoperson.⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Youshouldturnyourmusicdown________of________foryourneighbours.⑦(2021·江苏高一期末)We’ll________yourtrouble/difficulty/difficulties________________whenallocatingresourcestocommunities.⑧(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Everything________________________,wewouldn’thavemadethismistake. ⑨(百度翻译)________is________________younottosingwhiletheysleep.重点词汇-10.infavourof【原句呈现】Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavourofnature?(P58)【知识要点】①favourv.&n.赞同，喜爱，偏爱，有利于，便于→favourableadj.赞同的，肯定的，给人好印象的→favoriteadj.&n.特别喜欢(爱)的(东西)②infavourof赞成赞同，支持，偏爱，青睐③相关短语：askafavourofsb.请某人帮个忙dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人忙，给某人以恩惠dosb.thefavourtodosth./dosb.afavourtodosth.帮某人忙去做某事owesb.afavour欠某人一个人情insb.’sfavour对某人有利，有助于某人outoffavour(with)失(去……的)宠，不得……的青睐/垂青，不再受(……的)欢迎【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：①(2019·全国高一课时练)Fordmade________commentsonthetalksheldyesterday.②(2021·全国高一课时练)SwimmingisoneofMrWang’s________hobbiesinhissparetime.③(2021·黑龙江高二月考)Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtobein________________thosewhoareready.④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Heis________________favour________theboss.⑤(2019·全国高二课时练)I________himafavor.⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Hecancountonthisfactorworking________________favour.⑦(2021·鸡东县第二中学高二课时练)Wouldyouplease________methe________toattendourparty?⑧(2021·牛津译林新版高一英语下学期期末专项复习)Couldyou________mea_______bylendingmethedressforthisevening?二、经典句型1.aswellas句型【原句呈现】InChina,scientistshavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimals,aswellasclonedtissuestobeusedinmedicaltreatment.【知识要点】①aswellas意为：不但……而且，和……一样，和，也；由“aswellas”连接的两个主语时的主谓一致问题以及aswell用于句末，表示“也”；②may/mightaswellmightaswell不妨，最好是(表达提议或劝告)。【完成句子】①(2019·全国高一课时练习)老师和他的学生明天要去植树。 Theteacher____________________goingtoplanttreestomorrow．②(2021·全国高一课时练)但是曾经和顶级模特一起参加节目的萨拉，想要证明她不仅有美貌，而且有智慧。ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrains___________________.③(2019·全国高一课时练)既然有了机会，你不妨充分利用它。Nowthatyou’vegotachance,you________________fulluseofit.④(2020·福建高二月考)经理兼总工程师对员工要求很严格，对自己的工作也很严格。Themanagerandgeneralengineerisverystrict_______________________.2.“主语+be+形容词+(forsb.)+不定式”句型【原句呈现】Therefore,wecannotconfirmthatfoodfromclonedanimalsisreallysafeforhumanstoeat.【知识要点】①“主语＋be＋形容词＋(forsb.)＋不定式”是常用句型。此种情况下，主语与不定式之间虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但是不定式一般不用被动形式而用主动形式。②常用于这个句型的形容词：easy,difficult,hard,fit,pleasant,boring,interesting等。③当不定式是不及物动词时，则需要根据动词和主语之间的逻辑关系加上适当的介词。Hangzhouiscomfortableforushumanstolivein.=ItiscomfortableforushumanstoliveinHangzhou.杭州是我们人类居住的好地方。【完成句子】①(2019·全国高二课时练)这台机器操作起来很容易，任何人都能在几分钟之内学会使用。Thismachine________________________.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)这个老板很难与之相处。Theboss______________________.3.否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用【原句呈现】Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodifiedfood.【知识要点】①否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用可表示最高级含义：否定词+形容词(副词)比较级(+than)②其他表示最高级的句型：the+形容词(副词)最高级比较级+than+anyother+可数名词单数比较级+than+anyoftheother/alltheother+可数名词复数比较级+than+anyoneelse否定词+so/as+形容词(副词)原级+as【完成句子】①(2021·明水县第一中学高一期末)作为一个热心的读者，我非常同意这句话的后半部分。 Asanenthusiasticreader,I__________________partofthesentencemore.②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)汤姆是我们班上最聪明的学生。Tomis________________________inourclass._______________________Tominourclass.