2022年高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破讲义专题2 语法填空【教学目标】1.掌握语法填空解题技巧，学会分析长难句分析，快速找到解题关键，突破阅读难点。2.掌握高考题做题技巧及难点突破。【教学重点】1.语法填空和改错高考解题技巧和方法。2.语法填空考点归纳【教学难点】1.把握解题的方法和技巧2.易错语法总结【教学内容】1.语法填空的当堂过手训练和重点高考词汇积累2.灵活运用语法填空和短文改错解题技巧Part1:专题训练及讲解一．命题特点1、(1).在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10空白；(2).分为提示词型和无提示词型两种。2、该题型强调在语篇环境中考查考生加工处理语言信息、分析句子结构、熟练运用语法知识和词汇知识的能力。3.有提示词填空有6处或7处，考查侧重点排序如下：(1)、动词的时态和语态及非谓语词；(2)、词性转换,以动词或名词转换为形容词、形容词转换为副词为主。无提词填空有3处或4处，以考查介词、连词和词及从句引导词为主。二．命题方向近几年语法填空的难度不大，所考查语法较为基础，未来高考的考点分布会更加均匀和细化。语法填空分为有提示词填空题型和无提示词填空题型。有提示词填空题型要求考生用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，题中给出的王要是动词、形容词、副词和名词几大词类，考生需根据语境填出正确的词形。无提示词填空题型需要考生根据语境在设空处填入符合上下文逻辑、法、句法的词汇，主要查冠词、连词(并列句)、介词、情态动词、(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的)引导词等，每空只填一词。考生可根据语境判断设空处所表示的含义，通过分析句子成分确定词性。
三．解题技巧语法填空七字诀：1.“全”：看完整句；2.“位”：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用（词性为主）；3.“考”：知道考什么；4.“形”：知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和书写等）；5.“断”：对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）；6.“删”：对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。7.“查”：填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。四．实战演练第一组阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Withthepassingof2018andSpringFestival,we1(start)anewimportantyearalready.Thisyearisoneofthefinalsteppingstonestobecominga2(moderate)prosperoussocietyin2020.Meanwhile,2019marksthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Topreparefor2019,thegovernmentmade3(it)economicagenda(事项)clearattheCentralEconomicWorkConference__4(attend)bythecountry’sleadersinBeijinginDecember.Greatattentionwillkeepon5(pay)toChina’sgrowthperformancein2019.Tomeetthetargetofdoubling2010GDPbytheendof2020,itneedstoaverageabout6.3percentthisyearandnext.Meanwhile,ChinawillhostthesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinApril.Atthisevent,theBeltandRoadInitiative,6hashugepotentialtodriveeconomicgrowth,willtakegreatershape.Thisyearisalsolikelytopavethewayforanumberoftechnological7(advance).Chinaisexpectedtorollout5G,thenextgenerationof8__(wire)technology,nextyear.It’supto100timesfaster9__thecurrent4Gtechnology.ItwillbeayearforChinatoreflect10__itspastandfuturedirection.高考重点词汇“勿忘我”lprosperouslanniversaryleconomic
lleaderlgrowthltargetlMeanwhilelpotentialladvancelcurrentldirection答案：1..havestarted2.moderately3.its4.attended5.beingpaid6.which7.advances8.wireless9.than10.on第二组阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。TheUniversityofCambridge61(use)scoresongaokaoaspartofitsadmissioncriteriaforChinesestudentsforseveralyears,accordingtoitsofficialWeiboaccount.However,itdoesnotadmitstudentssimplybasedon62testscores.Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao,Chinese63(apply)alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements,participateinaninterview64takeasubject-specificwrittenadmissionassessment.Internetusershave65(broad)welcomedthemove,66(say)thisisablessingforChinesestudents67wanttoentertheuniversity,thoughtherequirement68(set)high,reportedChinaDaily.StephenToope,vice-chancelloroftheuniversity,saidthereasonforacceptinggaokaoscoresisthatCambridgewantsasmuchinformationaspossible69(evaluate)possiblecandidates.“Globaluniversitiesmustseekconnection,communicationandcollaborationifwewishtoseechangesthatwillmaketheworldabetterplaceforeveryone,”hesaid70MarchduringavisittoPekingUniversity.
高考重点词汇“勿忘我”ladmissionlofficiallaccountlInadditiontolassessmentlblessinglrequirementlcandidatelseek61.hasbeenusing62.62.their/the63.applicants64.and65.broadly66.saying67.who/that68.isset69.toevaluate70.inPart2课堂过手训练第一组阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourismisanewtermintoday’stourismindustry.Itis_____1_____(typical)consideredasanecologicallysustainabletourismwithaprimaryfocusonvisitingfragileandrelatively_____2_____(disturb)naturalareas,especiallytheoneswherespecialandunusualplants,animalsandculturalheritagesarethemainattractions.___3___takesecologyandcultureintoconsideration.Therefore,programs_____4_____(concern)theprotectionofsomenaturalandculturalspotsalsoformapartofecotourism.Ecotourismisdevelopingatan_____5_____(increase)speed.AccordingtoarecentreportbytheWorldTourismOrganization,ecotourisminrecentyearshasenjoyed_____6___annualgrowthofabout5%worldwide.Sofar,morethan80activities_____7_____(list)forecotourismandtheyincludebirdwatching,hiking,diving,photographyandtakingpartin_____8_____(vary)oflocalculturalevents.Bigcitiesarestillthemajorplaces_____9_____attracttouristsinoursocietytoday.However,itseemssomesmallertownsandcountryareasmaywellbecomethenewdestinationsforpeople_____10_____(visit)tomorrowbecausetheyarerichinecological,culturalandhistoricalresources.答案：
1.typically2.undisturbed3.It4.concerning5.increasing6.an7.havebeenlisted8.varieties9.which/that10.tovisit第二组语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheUnitedStatesisCarnegieHall,thehomeofclassicalandpopularmusicconcertsinNewYork.CarnegieHallis1(know)notjustforitsbeautyandhistory,butalsoforitsamazingsound.Ithasbeensaidthatthehall2(it)isaninstrument.CarnegieHallisnamed3AndrewCarnegie,whopaidforitsconstruction.Hewasa4(wealth)manwhoalsogavealotofmoneytoschoolsandpublic5(library).ConstructiononCarnegieHallbeganin18906theofficialopeningnightwasonMay5,1891.ThehallwasownedbytheCarnegiefamilyuntil1924whenitwassoldtoRobertE.Simon.Thebuildingbecameveryoldandin1960,thenewownermadeplanstodestroyitandbuildanofficeblock.IsaacStemledagroupofpeopletofight7(save)CarnegieHallandfinally,thecityofNewYorkboughtitfor$5million.Thenit8(fix)upbetween1983and1995.Becausethebestandmostfamous9(music)ofalltimehaveplayedatCarnegieHall,itisthedreamofmanypeoplewhowanttobegreattoplaythere.Thishasledto10veryoldjokewhichisnowpartofCarnegieHall’shistory.Question:“HowdoIgettoCarnegieHall?”Answer:“Practise,practise,practise.”答案；1.known2.itself3.after4.wealthy5.libraries6.and7.tosave8.wasfixed9.musicians10.aPart3:巩固练习第一组阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I’mnotsure1ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe3(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid4(look)directlyintohis
eyessohedoesn’tfeel5(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma6(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching7thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind8(they)alive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal9(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme10(stay)andwatch.答案：1.talking2.that3.beexplained4.led5.the6.differently7.studies8.beat9.better10.However第二组阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。When___1___（talk）aboutthetwogenders（性别）,peopleoftensaythatmenarefromMarsandwomenarefromVenus.Itistrue___2___menandwomenaredifferentinmanyways.However,manyofthesedifferencesincharactercan___3___(explain)bydifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Forexample,astudy___4___(lead)byaBritishpsychologistin2012foundmen'sbrainsare,onaverage,10percentbiggerthanwomen'sbrains.ButLiseEliot,aprofessorat___5___MedicalSchoolofChicagoUniversity,doesn'tthinkthebraindifferencescanexplainpersonalfeatures.Shefoundthatthebraindifferencesmeannothing.So,ifit'snotinthebrain,whatisitthatmakesmalesandfemalesbehave__6__(different)?Theanswermaylieinsocialization.Inthepast,manygender___7___(study)ignoredaperson'ssocialbackgroundandupbringing.TakeformerHarvardUniversitypresidentforexample.Accordingtoa1970researchthatshowedmen____8_____(beat)women13-to-one,hethoughtmenwere___9___(good)atsciencesubjects.___10___,anotherstudyfoundthatiffemalesweregivenmoreopportunitiestostudysciencesubjects,theratiowoulddroptothree-to-one.答案：1.talking2.that3.beexplained4.led5.the
6.differently7.studies8.beat9.better10.However第三组阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theoriginsofcarnivalareancient.People___1___(hold)festivalssimilartocarnivalbeforetheChristianera.Theycelebratedthereturnofspringafterwinter.IntheRomanperiodthedateofthefestivalwasdecidedbytheChristiancalendar.Peoplewantedtoenjoy___2___(they)becausecarnivalwasfollowedbyfortydayswithoutmeat.Whenthenewworldwasdiscovered,the___3___(Spain)andPortuguesesettlersbroughtcarnivalwiththem.ButintheNewWorld,manyelementsofAfricanculture,suchasmusicandcostumewereadded___4___thefestivalbypeopleofAfricanorigin.Today,carnivalhasbecomea___5___(true)internationalfestival.InVenicethecarnival___6___(celebrate)forfivedaysinFebruary.ItbeginsonThursdaywithaceremony___7___isknownasthevolodellacolombina—the___8___(fly)ofthedove.Ayoungwoman___9___(dress)upasadoveclimbstothetopofthebelltowerinSt.Mark’sSquare,andfliestotheground.Thiseventiswatchedbythousandsofmaskedpeopleinthesquare.Whenthedovelands,twobiggunsarefired.Itisasignalforthecelebrations____10____(begin).【答案】1.held/hadheld2.themselves3.Spanish4.to5.truly6.iscelebrated7.which/that8.flight9.dressed10.tobegin【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了狂欢节的起源和庆祝方式。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：在基督教时代之前，人们举行过类似狂欢节的节日。根据句意和句中“beforetheChristianera”可知，句子表示的是“过去的动作”或“过去的过去”，当表示过去的动作时，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，hold的过去式为held，表示过去的过去时，应用过去完成时，hold的过去分词为held。故填held/hadheld。【2题详解】考查代词。句意：人们想尽情享受，因为狂欢节之后的四十天没有肉吃。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“enjoyoneself”，意为“玩得愉快”，故enjoy后面应接反身代词，they的反身代词为themselves。故填themselves。【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当新大陆被发现时，西班牙和葡萄牙殖民者带来了狂欢节。句中settlers意为“殖民者”，名词词性，前面应用形容词修饰，Spain意为“西班牙”，名词词性，对应的形容词为Spanish，意为“西班牙的”。故填Spanish。【4题详解】考查固定短语。句意：但在新大陆，许多非洲文化的元素，如音乐和服装，都被非洲裔的人加入到节日中。句中涉及固定短语“add…to…”意为“把……加到……上”，句中指“把音乐和服装加入到节日中”。故填to。【5题详解】考查副词。句意：如今，狂欢节已成为一个真正国际性的节日。句中international意为“国际的”，形容词词性，前面应用副词修饰，true意为“真正的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为truly，意为“真正地”。故填truly。【6题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在威尼斯，狂欢节在二月庆祝五天。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中“carnival”与“celebrate”之间为被动关系，即狂欢节被庆祝，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，carnival为节日名，与is连用，celebrate的过去分词为celebrated。故填iscelebrated。【7题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它在周四以一个仪式开始，这个仪式被称为“飞翔的鸽子”。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为ceremony，为物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。【8题详解】考查名词。句意：它在周四以一个仪式开始，这个仪式被称为“鸽子的飞翔”。句中“the_____ofthedove”为名词所有格，故空格处应用名词，fly意为“飞”，动词词性，对应的名词为flight，意为“飞翔，飞行”，为不可数名词。故填flight。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位年轻女子打扮成鸽子爬上了圣马可广场钟楼的顶端，然后飞到了地上。句中有谓语动词climbs且逗号前无连词，故应用dress的非谓语动词形式，“dresssb.up”意为“给某人打扮”，woman与dress之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用dress的过去分词dressed，在句中作后置定语，修饰woman。故填dressed。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是庆祝活动开始的信号。句中有系动词is且句中无连词，故应用begin
的非谓语动词形式，这里celebrations与begin之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示即将发生的动作，故应用动词不定式作后置定语，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填tobegin。
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