第一节 基本句型奠基考点清单英语中最基本的句型有八种,其他各种句型都是由这八种基本句型演化而成。八种基本句型如下:1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)Mybrotherisstudying.我弟弟正在学习。2.主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语Iworkinacomputerfirm.EverydayIgetupearlyinthemorning.Afterbreakfast,Igotoworkbybike.我在一家电脑公司工作。每天早上我都早早起床。早饭后,我骑自行车去上班。
3.主语+系动词+表语MyEnglishismuchbetterthanbefore.Ifeelveryhappy.Iamverygratefulforyourhelp.我的英语比以前好多了。我感到非常高兴。我非常感谢你的帮助。4.主语+谓语+宾语Tommetadifficultproblem.Ifoundawayandhelpedhim.汤姆遇到了一个难题。我找到一个方法并帮助了他。5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语ItookanEnglishexamyesterday.Ihadpreparedforitfortwoweeks.BeforeIturnedinthepaper,Icheckeditcarefully.昨天我参加了一场英语考试。我为此准备了两周的时间。在上交试卷之前,我仔细地检查了一下。
6.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语Mr.SmithhastaughtusEnglishfor3years.Yesterdaywashis50thbirthday.EveryoneofusboughthimapresentandIeventoldhimaninterestingstory.史密斯先生教我们英语已经三年了。昨天是他50岁生日。我们每个人都给他买了一个礼物,我甚至给他讲了一个有趣的故事。7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Theoldmanhadalovelydaughter.HenamedherLily.Hemadeherveryhappyeverydayandwantedhertobecomeanartist.这个老人有一个可爱的女儿。他叫她莉莉。每天他都让她很高兴并且想让她成为一名艺术家。8.Therebe句型Therearefourteachingbuildings,alibraryandagyminourschool,thereare36classesintotal,andthereare50studentsonaverageineachclass.我们学校有四栋教学楼、一个图书馆、一个体育馆和36个教学班,平均每个班有50名学生。
第二节 连接过渡整合考点清单连接词与过渡词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的基本手段。在句与句、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。写作中常用的过渡性词语归纳如下:一、表起始关系的过渡性词语firstofall,tobegin/startwith,firstly,nowadays,currently,recently,generally(speaking),thesedays,withthedevelopmentof,asfarasIknow,accordingto,aboveall,inone'sopinion,bytheway,whenitcomesto...,assb.knowFirstofall,letmeaskyousomething.首先,让我问你一件事。AsfarasIknow,theticketsaregivenawayfree.据我所知,这些票是免费发放的。
二、表平行、对等或选择关系的过渡性词语and,both...and...,aswell(as),neither...nor...,or,either...or...,notonly...butal-so...,not...but...,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...,foronething...foran-other(thing)...Theycanneitherreadnorwrite.他们不会读,也不会写。Theoutcomedependsonconditionsaswellashoweventsunfold.结果取决于条件,还取决于事件的进展。三、表递进关系的过渡性词语what'smore,moreover,furthermore,additionally,inaddition,also,besides,still,what'sworse,tomakethings/mattersworse,worsestill,evenworseWorsestill,mostofthesefoodsareloadedwithfat,salt,andchemicals.更糟糕的是,这些食品中的大多数富含脂肪、盐和化学成分。
Theyoungfindeverythingsosimple.Theyoung,moreover,seeitastheirdu-tytobehappyanddotheirbesttobeso.年轻人觉得每件事都那么简单。而且,他们把幸福视为自己的责任,并努力去实现幸福。四、表转折或让步关系的过渡性词语(al)though,but,while,yet,however,nevertheless,otherwise,despite,instead,onthecontrary,inspiteof,regardlessof,evenif/thoughItisn'thot;onthecontrary,it'scold.天并不热。正相反,它(天气)很冷。Thereislittlechancethatwewillsucceedinchangingthelaw.Nevertheless,itisimportantthatwetry.我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过,重要的是我们努力争取。五、表解释说明或列举的过渡性词语forexample,forinstance,take...forexample,suchas,thatis,asfollows,
namely,inotherwords,andsoon,believeitornot,totellthetruth,tobehon-est,inthis/thatcase,inparticular,particularly,speciallyThereasonsareasfollows.理由如下。Theywillbeconcernedtodotherightthing—todressproperly,forinstance.他们需要注意行为是否恰当——比如说,穿着得体。六、表因果关系的过渡性词语because,as,since,forthisreason,onaccountof,thanksto,forthesakeof,dueto,owingto,asaresult,thus,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,asaconsequence(of)Shegaveupsmokingforthesakeofherhealth.为了身体健康,她戒了烟。Sheretiredearlyonaccountof/becauseof/owingto/asaresultofillhealth.她由于身体不好而提早退休。
七、表观点的过渡性词语inone'sopinion/view,fromone'spointofview,asfarassb.beconcerned,asfor...,personallyAsforus,wearefortunate.对我们来说,我们是幸运的。Personally,Ipreferthesecondoption.就我个人而言,我倾向第二种选择。八、表总结的过渡性词语inshort/brief/conclusion,inaword,tosumup,allinall,onthewhole,ingen-eralTosumup,therearethreemainwaysoftacklingtheproblem.概括起来说,这一问题主要有三种解决办法。Onthewhole,I'minfavouroftheidea.大体说来,我赞成这个想法。
九、表时间的过渡性词语开始atfirst,atthebeginningof,inthebeginning然后afterawhile,afterwards,andthen,later,afterthat,next,shortlyafter,thenextmoment最终atlast,atlength,finally,eventually,intheend同时atthesametime,inthemeantime,meanwhile过去atthattime,before,bythattime,earlier,formerly,inthepast现在atpresent,presently,rightnow,nowadays,uptonowAfterwards,wepicnickedontheriverbank.之后,我们在河岸上野餐。Eventuallyourflightleftfivehourslate.我们的班机最终晚了五个小时起飞。Myfirstnovelwasrejectedbysixpublishers.InthemeantimeIhadwrittenaplay.
我的第一部小说遭到六家出版商的拒绝。其间我又完成了一部戏剧。十、表空间的过渡性词语before,behind,below,beneath,between,beyond,nearby,under,above,over,ontheright/left,in(the)frontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof,atthebottomof,oppositeto,nextto,ononeside,ontheotherside,atthefoot/endofThecorrectanswerscanbefoundatthebottomofpage8.正确答案在第8页末尾。Heenteredbythedooroppositetothatopeningintothegarden.他是从对着通向花园的那个口的门进来的。
第三节 高级词汇增光考点清单写作中所谓的“高级词汇”指的是《课程标准》中有但课本中出现的频率不高而实际中经常用到,或《课程标准》中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇(包括短语)。要让语言表达多样化,就要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。如果考生能恰当地运用此类词汇,在写作中定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象,提高书面表达的得分。下面把写作中常用的高级词汇做一下简单总结,希望对同学们的写作有所裨益。
常见词汇意义高级词汇attend参加beinvolvedin;participateinbear忍受putupwithcause导致leadto;resultin;contributeto;giverisetoconsider考虑take...intoconsideration/accountfail失败meetwithfailurehelp帮助dosb.a/thefavor;lendsb.ahelpinghandhappen发生occur/comeabout1.动词类
have拥有possessimprove提高promotemaster掌握haveacommandofrealise意识到beawareremember记得bear/keepinmindsave节省setasidesend送delivershould应该besupposedtothank感谢appreciate
tendtodosth.倾向做某事haveatendencytodosth.use使用;利用makeuseof/takeadvantageofunderstand理解makesenseof/figureoutbemadeupof由……组成becomposedof/consistofbebeingbuilt在建造中beunderconstructioncan'tdosth.不能做某事havetrouble/difficultydoingsth.decidetodosth.决定做某事determinetodosth./bedeterminedtodosth.havetodosth.不得不做某事cannothelpbutdosth./havenoalternativebuttodosth.
liein位于belocated/situatedinsee看见catchsightofthinkofsth.想到某事sth.occurstosb.tryone'sbesttodosth.尽力做某事sparenoefforttodosth./doeverythinginone'spowertodosth.explain解释;说明accountforresultfrom由于;由……造成beattributedto
2.名词类常见词汇意义高级词汇chance机会opportunitychoice选择alternativepeople人们individualsresult结果consequenceshortcoming缺点drawbackmoreandmorepeople越来越多的人anincreasingnumberofpeopleallkindsof各种各样的……awiderangeof
常见词汇意义高级词汇difficult困难的challengingenough足够的adequategood好的Outstanding/distinguished/brilliantfree空闲的availableimportant重要的essential/vital/significantlucky幸运的fortunatepopular受欢迎的enjoygreatpopularityproper恰当的appropriate3.形容词类
rich丰富的abundanttired疲惫的exhausted/wornoutbeangrywith对……生气beannoyedwithbebusywith忙于……beoccupiedwith/buryoneselfinbeboredwith对……厌烦befedupwithbeveryhappy很高兴bewildwithjoybe+adj.(important/useful/beneficial/helpful/valuable)重要的/有用的/有益的/有帮助的/有价值的beof+n.(importance/use/benefit/help/value)
besatisfiedwith对……感到满意expressone'ssatisfactionwithbeinterestedin对……感兴趣haveinterestin/befascinatedby/becrazyabout/sth.appeal(s)tosb.
4.副词类常见词汇意义高级词汇finally最后eventuallyhardly几乎不barelyhurriedly匆忙地inahurryimmediately立刻withouthesitation/delaynowadays现在currentlyso因此consequently/thereforesuddenly突然allofasuddenvery非常extremely
常见词汇意义高级词汇considering考虑到inviewofduring在……期间inthecourseofinfact事实上asamatteroffactinaword总之tosummarize/inconclusion/tosumup5.介词(短语)类
第四节 句型转化添彩考点清单在写作中,要想有效避免句子的单调和呆板,写出丰富、简短、生动的句子,善于句型转化非常重要。常用的句型转化形式有:一、用介词或介词短语对祈使句、并列句、状语从句进行转化,可使句子变得简洁。常用的介词(介词短语)有butfor、thanksto、inspiteof、de-spite、inthefaceof、on/uponone'sarrival、becauseof、aswellas、suchas、bydoing等。典例1Becausehehelpedme,Iaccomplishedthetaskontime.→Thankstohishelp,Iaccomplishedthetaskontime.
二、使用现在分词对祈使句、并列句、名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化典例21.Gostraightandyouwillseeaflowershop.→Goingstraight,youwillseeaflowershop.2.AsIwaslyingonthegrass,Ithoughtofmybrotherwhowasstudyingabroad.→Lyingonthegrass,Ithoughtofmybrotherstudyingabroad.
三、使用过去分词可对并列句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化典例3Hewastoldmanytimes,buthedidn'tmemorizetherule.→Toldmanytimes,hedidn'tmemorizetherule.四、使用不定式可与介词短语、并列句、状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句进行转化典例4Thepolicemenenteredtheforestinsearchofthemissingboy.→Thepolicemenenteredtheforesttosearchforthemissingboy.
五、with的复合结构可与并列句、状语从句进行转化,而独立主格结构也可与并列句或状语从句进行转化典例51.Ihavealotofworktodoandcan'tgotoBeijingwithyoutomorrow.→Withalotofworktodo,Ican'tgotoBeijingwithyoutomorrow.2.Ifweatherpermits,wewillholdthemeetingoutside.→Weatherpermitting,wewillholdthemeetingoutside.六、为了增强表意效果,有时可以用倒装句、省略句等特殊句式对常见句式进行转化
典例61.Ididn'tknowtheresultuntilhetoldme.→NotuntilhetoldmedidIknowtheresult.→OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowtheresult.2.IfIaminvited,Iwillattendtheparty.→Ifinvited,Iwillattendtheparty.六、有时,根据写作的需要,名词性从句和定语从句、并列句和定语从句、 名词性从句之间也可以相互转化
典例71.Hehastwosonsandbothofthemaredoctors.→Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.2.Weallknowthatheisawarm-heartedman.→Asweallknow,heisawarm-heartedman.→Whatisknowntousallisthatheisawarm-heartedman.3.Thatdifferentpeoplehavedifferenthobbiesisnatural.→It'snaturalthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.
第五节 常用表达护航考点清单英语中有很多常用句式或表达对避免汉式英语、提升作文水平很有帮助。学生可以根据写作的实际需要合理采用地道表达,提升自己的表达层次和水平。1.(某事)……是……(1)说起来容易做起来难。Itiseasytosaybutdifficulttopractice.(2)他获奖是最令人激动的消息。Itwasthemostexcitingnewsthathegottheprize.2.渐渐开始主语+cometo+动词原形
通过团队合作,我渐渐喜欢上了他。Icametolikehimthroughteamwork.3.习惯做某事主语+makeitarule+todosth.Itisarulewithsb.+todosth.过去的惯常行为:usedtodosth.我习惯在傍晚的时候出去散步。Imakeitaruletogooutforawalktowardsevening.Itisarulewithmetogooutforawalktowardsevening.4.据说……;听说……据说运动会在月底举行。Thesportsmeetingissaidtobeheldattheendofthemonth.
Itissaidthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheldattheendofthemonth.Iamtoldthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheldattheendofthemonth.Ihearthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheldattheendofthemonth.5.不明白(究竟……)Iwonder+疑问词/if...(1)我不知道他要乘哪趟火车离开这里。Iwonderwhichtrainhewilltaketoleavehere.(2)我不知道他是否对这件事感兴趣。Iwonder/amwonderingifheisinterestedinit.6.归功于……(AowesBtoC)他把他的成功归功于你的努力。Heoweshissuccesstoyourefforts.
7.最佳的……是……打好英语作文基础的最佳途径就是阅读许多浅显易懂的书。ThebestwaytolaythefoundationoftheEnglishcompositionistoreadmanybooksthatareeasytounderstand.OnecanlaythebestfoundationoftheEnglishcompositionbyreadingmanybooksthatareeasytounderstand.ThereisnobetterwaytolaythefoundationoftheEnglishcompositionthantoreadmanybooksthatareeasytounderstand.8.预计要……今年9月我们要搬到新校舍去。WeareexpectedtomovetothenewschoolhouseinSeptemberthisyear.
9.如此……以至于……这本书非常有趣,我把它读了一遍又一遍。ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditagainandagain.ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIhavereaditagainandagain.10.直到……才(开始)直到在国外旅行的时候,我才开始深深体会到语言不通是多么不方便。Ididn'trealizehowinconvenientitwaswhenonecouldnotmakeoneselfun-derstooduntilItraveledinaforeigncountry.Irealizedhowinconvenientitwaswhenonecouldnotmakeoneselfunder-stoodonlyafterItraveledinaforeigncountry.
11.对比议论(1)我同意这个计划。首先,建工厂会给人们提供不同的工作。其次,它可以省许多钱。最后,它不会对环境有太大危害。Iagreeto/aminfavoroftheplan.Tobegin/startwith,thebuildingofthefacto-rywillprovidepeoplewithdifferentjobs.Secondly,itcansavealotofmoney.Lastly/Finally,itwon'tdomuchharmtotheenvironment.(2)我反对这个计划。一方面,它会占用学校太多的空间。另一方面,机器的噪音会影响我们的教学工作。总之,我认为这不是个好计划。Idon'tagreeto/amagainsttheplan.Ontheonehand/Foronething,itwilltakeuptoomuchspaceofourschool.Ontheotherhand/Foranother(thing)/Also,thenoiseofthemachineswillhaveabadeffectonourteachingwork.Inaword,Idon'tthinkitisagoodplan.
12.介绍某地的地理位置、人口、占地面积等苏州位于……,占地……,人口……。Suzhouislocated/issituated/lies...,coveringanareaof...,withapopulationof....13.表示原因(1)就这一点而言,原因有三个。Therearethreereasonsforthis.(2)这件事的原因如下。Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.(3)这件事的原因是显而易见的。Thereasonforthisisobvious.(4)这件事的原因不难找出。Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek.(5)这件事的原因是……。Thereasonforthisisthat....(6)我们有理由相信……。Wehavereasontobelievethat....
14.用于句首提出问题或现象的句型(1)Recently,...hasbecomethefocusofthesociety.(2)...hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.(3)Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernfor...(4)Nowadaysitiscommontohear/see...(5)Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtobeawareoftheserious-nessof...(6)Itisonlyduringthelast/pastfewyearsthatmanhasbecomegenerallyawarethat...(7)Thereisanold/apopularsaying/proverbwhichsays/goes...(8)Inrecentyears,thereisageneraltendency...(9)Nowadays...hasbecomeaproblemwehavetoface.
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