【状语从句】【考纲解读】重点把握引导并列句和时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词的灵活运用。掌握状语从句的时态、语态、语气和省略。【命题趋势】考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力，与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查近年高考的发展趋向：从属连词在具体语境中的运用，及从属连词词义的延伸。设问角度越来越多样化。【名师指导】1.了解高考状语从句的考纲和历年高频考点2.掌握及分辨引导词3.掌握书面表达中的基本句式与it句式1．though/although：在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”，但可以与yet或still连用；though与although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式，多放在主句的前面。◆Though/Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。2．evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使，纵使”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。◆EvenifIamverybusy,Iwillgiveyouahandwhenyouareintrouble.即使我很忙，你处境困难时我也会帮助你。3．as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可数名词，则该名词提前时，省去其前的冠词。◆Hotas/thoughthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得很熟。4．nomatter(who,what,when,where,which,how…)：nomatter…与wh－ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，nomatter…引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。◆Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youshouldsetasidehalfanhourtotakeexercise.无论你多么忙，你应该留出半小时锻炼身体。5．wh－ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever);however。(1)wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用；(2)wh－ever可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句；nomatter…只能引导让步状语从句。◆Whateverworkwedo,weshoulddoourbest.
不管做什么工作，我们都要尽力。6．whether…or…引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。◆We’llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsorwecannot. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这件工作做下去。7．while也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，一般放在句首。◆Whilemymotherlovesmeverymuch,sheisverystrictwithme. 尽管母亲很爱我，但是她对我非常严厉。[典例](2015·浙江高考短文改错)IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.1．when,while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。while“当……时候”，一般与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal. 客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。as“一边……一边……”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessactive. 随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与as可互换使用。◆When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 2．before与since的用法(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”。常用于句型“Itwillbe/was＋时间段＋before从句”(在……之前还要多久，过了多久才……)。◆Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(2)since表示“自从……以来”，常用于“Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)……已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时。◆Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。3．not…until…表示“直到……才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。◆AsfarasIknow,hismotherwon’tgotobeduntilhereturnshomeeveryevening.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。4．assoonas/hardly…when/nosooner…than/themoment/theinstant/thesecond/immediately/directly/instantly:hardly…when和nosooner…than的意义相当于assoonas，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。◆Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe’llofferyoualargeroneassoonasitbecomesavailable.暂时用这个房间，一有空的大房间我们就给你。5．everytime/eachtime/lasttime/nexttime/bythetime：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。◆Nexttimeyoucomehere,Iwilltellyou.下次你来的时候，我将告诉你。[典例](全国卷Ⅰ)Heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.※1．地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where，wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。◆IcannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoisewhereIamsitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。◆Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.有志者，事竟成。※where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别where引导地点状语从句直接修饰主句的谓语动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面，即此时有明显的地点名词。◆Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime,you’dbetterbemorecarefulwhereyoumadeamistake.＝Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime,you’dbetterbemorecarefulintheplacewhereyoumadeamistake. 再次解决这个问题时，你最好在上次出错的地方更仔细一些。 2．条件状语从句常用引导词：if/unless/aslongas/solongas/incase/sofaras/asfaras。
(1)unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式；unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，二者通常可以换用。◆WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayunlessitrainsorit’sverycold. 除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。◆Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。(2)条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。◆Ifeveryonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess. 如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。※[典例](重庆高考单项填空)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi____________thebushaddroppedher.1．目的状语从句(1)sothat/inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could等。inorderthat引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后，sothat引导的从句只能位于主句之后。◆Thepoliceofficersinourcityworkhardinorderthatwecanliveasafelife.我们城市的警察为了让我们能过上安全的生活努力工作。※(2)forfearthat(唯恐，以防)与incase所引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词有时也用should/might/could＋动词原形。◆Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathermightseehim.小男孩藏在树后唯恐他父亲看见他。◆Takeyourumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.带把伞以防下雨。(3)目的状语从句可以用soasto,inorderto等代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。◆Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlysoasto/inordertocatchtheearlybus.为了赶上早班车，他早早地起床了。2．结果状语从句(1)sothat前有逗号，引导结果状语从句。◆Weturneduptheradio,sothateveryoneheardthenews.我们将收音机调大，所以每个人都听到了新闻。(2)so…that中so后面跟形容词或副词。
◆Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.他太激动了以致于说不出话。(3)such…that中such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用sucha/an…that，还可以转换用so…that，语气较强。◆Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.＝Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.杰克是个那么诚实的人，我们都相信他。3．原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。◆TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。(2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。◆Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到了，咱们开始会议吧！(3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中(注意比较：for连接的是并列句)。◆Ashedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.因为他不懂太多英语，他查了字典。4．方式状语从句(1)as引导状语从句，意为“按照”。◆Doasyouaretoldto.按照你被告知的方式做。(2)asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样；从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。◆Jackwasn’tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhehaddonesomethingveryclever.杰克没有说话，但老师朝他微笑着，好像他做了什么很聪明的事。※5．比较状语从句(1)as…as;notso/as…as;thesame…as表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as，否定句可用notas…as或notso…as。◆Hedoesn’trunso/asfastasJack(does)．他没有杰克跑得快。(2)than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。◆Herunslessfastthanme.他跑得不如我快。
[典例](浙江高考单项填空)Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasbornsuchthatshecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2016·天津高考单项填空)____________theaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.2．(2015·重庆高考单项填空)Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears____________yougetanotherone.3．(2017·安徽合肥一模)Thoughithasbeenoneyear____________hecametothecity,heknowseverystreetherelikethebackofhishand.4．(2016·全国卷甲语法填空)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive____________possiblebeforelunch.5．(2017·四川雅安中学模拟)Youcansmokehere____________youleaveawindowopentoletthesmokeout.※6．(2017·浙江桐乡四校联考)Duringthereconstructionofthecity,manymoderntallbuildingswentup____________oldshabbyhousesweretorndown.7．(2017·兰州模拟)IhavebeenlearningpaintingafterIwasasmallboy.____________________※8．(2017·四川绵阳诊断)Now,thisunforgettablelessonstillencouragesmetobeanactivelearnerwhereIgo.____________________
【走向高考】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2016·全国Ⅲ)Overtime, thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly. 2.(2016·全国Ⅲ)JustbeforeSeptember,Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehim hecamebackfromhospital. 3.(2016·全国Ⅲ)Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigerator youdon’tcookitimmediately. 4.(2013·全国I)There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery anotherman,alsointelligent,fails. 5.(2012·全国Ⅱ)Ihadhardlygottotheoffice mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce. 6.(2012·全国Ⅰ)Idon’tbelievewe’vemetbefore, Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar. 7.(2017·北京) birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.
8.(2017·北京)Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople youfigureitout. 9.(2016·北京)Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen, he’sinhisnineties. 10.(2016·北京)Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday. 11.(2016·北京)Iamnotafraidoftomorrow, IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday. 12.(2016·四川) thelittlepandacried,themotherrockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats. 13.(2016·江苏) somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure. 14.(2015·江苏)Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside fullycoveredinthickclothes. 15.(2015·湖南) thejobtakesasignificantamountoftime,moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit. 16.(2015·北京)Youwon’tfindpapercuttingdifficult longasyoukeeppracticingit. 17.(2015·北京) thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover. 18.(2015·浙江)Just asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph. 19.(2015·重庆)Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears yougetanotherone. 20.(2015·天津)Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem wecansolveit. 21.(2015·四川)Thereisonlyonemoredaytogo yourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive. 22．(2018·湖南六校联盟联考)Mostimportantly，though，rememberthefollowingoldrule：trytoeatdifferentfood，____________nottoomuch.23．(2018·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一期联考)Iwasdrivinghomelateatnight____________mycarlostmomentum(动力)andgotslowerandslower.24．(2018·太原模拟)Ihadhardlysatdownonthetrainandopenedabarofchocolate____________areallyoldmanwithhugebagssatdownacrossfromme.25．(2018·贵州适应性测试)IfyouvisitNepal，youwillfindNepaleseoftengreeteachotherwiththehandspressedtogetherinsteadofshakinghands，____________inNorthAmericaandtheU．K.，peoplegreetoneanotherbyshakinghands.26．(2018·福建龙岩质检)Butfornow,theyallhavetopostponetheirplansthewinterstorms
pass.27．(2018·辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)Someanimals，likepeople，eatbothplantsanimals.28．(2018·山东潍坊期末)Neverloseheart____________you’llmakeaquickadvanceinyourproject.[来源:学&科&网]29．(2018·浙江杭州一模)TenyearslaterIstillkeepintouchwithmyclassmates,____________I’venevermetthemaftergraduation.30．(2018·浙江月考)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____________itispossibletotestthismedicineonpatients.※31．(四川卷)Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstay____________youareandwaitforhelp.Ⅱ.单句语法改错1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.________2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.________[来源:Z.Com]3．(2015·陕西卷)MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.________4．(2015·四川卷)Infact,Idon'tliketogoanymore,soI'mafraidI'lllosetheirfriendship.________5．(2015·浙江卷)IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.________6．(2015·天津卷改编)Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembywecansolveit.________7．(2017·兰州模拟)Second,IhavebeenlearningpaintingafterIwasasmallboy.________8．(2017·全国Ⅰ)IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor?sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.________9．(2017·全国Ⅲ)Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.________10．(2017·吉林仿真模拟改编)Asaresult,allpeoplemayhelpandcareabouteachother,ortheworldwillbecomeabetterplacetolivein.________11．(2018·湖南益阳调研)Oneday,IwasskiingdownamountainwhileIsawagirlagedabout15whohadfallen.__________12．(2018·广东七校联考)AlthoughIwastired，butIreallyhadagoodtime.___________13．(2018·湖北黄石大冶一中高三月考)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.____________14．(2018·河北“五个一”名校联盟联考)Becauseyouhaveanythingthatpuzzlesyou，itwouldbegreattotalk
withMr.Tang.___________15．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)IwasverytouchedthatIcouldn’tsleepthewholenight，andthoughtaboutbeingateacherinthefuture.___________16．(2018·云南11校区调研)Allthewayweappreciatedthebeautifulsceneryandfreshair，soafewofuspickedflowerswhilegoingsightseeing.____________17．(2018·云南统一检测)Itsoundsverynoisybutunpleasant，especiallyinthecinema._________18．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.___________
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