《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》Unit 4 History and Traditions 作业

UNIT4HistoryandTraditionsA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AAteahouseisaspecialhousewhichprimarilyservesteaandotherlightrefreshments(茶点).Itsfunctionvarieswidelydepending1.________theculture.InChina,ateahouseisaplace2.________peoplegathertoenjoytea,chatandsocialise.It3.________(consider)asasymbolofChineseteacultureandpeople'sleisurelives.Chineseteahousesenjoyalongstandinghistory.Theydevelopedfromtea4.________(stand)intheWesternJindynasty,tookshapeintheTangdynasty,developed5.________(gradual)intheSong,Yuan,MingandQingdynastiesandbecameboominginmoderntimes.IntheSongdynasty,teahousesexistedallovercitiesandvillages,6.________aratecomparablewiththatofrestaurants.Theownerspreferredtodecoratetheirteahouseswithpaintingsofcelebritiesandrareandpreciousplants7.________(attract)customers.IntheMingandQingdynasties,thenumberofteahouseswentbeyondthatofrestaurants,gainingmore8.________(popular)andbecomingmorefamous.Later,theacculturation(文化移入)ofwesterncultureforcedtraditionalChineseteahousestotakeon9.________newlook.Afterreformandopeningup,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheeconomyand10.________(evidence)improvementofpeople'slivingstandards,teahousesfloweredinChina.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国茶馆的作用及其发展历程。1.on　考查固定搭配。dependon意为“取决于”，是固定搭配。2.where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为aplace，并结合句子成分可知，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。3.isconsidered　考查动词的时态和语态。空处与主语It为被动关系，且此处为客观性描述，故用一般现在时的被动语态。4.stands　考查名词的单复数。分析句子成分可知，stand在此用作名词，意为“货摊，售货亭”，且此处表示不止一个货摊，故要用名词复数形式。5.gradually　考查副词。修饰动词developed要用副词gradually。6.at　考查介词。此处表示茶馆的分布率可与饭馆相比。atarate为固定搭配，意为“以……速度/比率”。7.toattract　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示该句中的“decoratetheirteahouseswith...plants”的目的，故填toattract。8.popularity　考查词性转换。gain意为“获得”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填popularity。9.a　考查冠词。此处初次提到“look”(样子)这个词，且new以辅音音素开头，故用a。take onanewlook意为“呈现新面貌”。10.evident　考查形容词。修饰名词improvement要用形容词，故填evident“明显的”。BWhydoesautumnhavetwonames?AccordingtoMerriamWebster,“autumn”appearedfirstinEnglishinthe1300s,comingfromtheLatinword“autumnus”.“Autumn”caughtonquickly,likelybecauseitreplacedthe1.________(origin)name—“harvest”.Asyoumightimagine,whencropswerecollectedfromthefields,callingtheseason“harvest”mightmakepeople2.________(confuse)because“harvest”isalsothenamefortheact3.________(it)．So“autumn”appearedinsteadof“harvest”.Thentheterm,“autumn”，4.________wasreferredtotheseasonbetweensummerandwinter,lastedforacoupleof5.________(century)．“Fall”asanamefortheseasoncameaboutsometimeinthe1500s,ashortenedversionoftheverypoeticphrasefor“thefallofleaves”.TheEnglishphrasehadtruemeaningoftheseasonwithoutleading6.________anyconfusion.Notevenacenturylater,thephrasebecameasimpleword:fall.Aroundthissametime,theEnglishlanguagewastravellingacrosstheglobeasBritainexpanded,anditwas7.________(go)throughsomechanges,asmanylanguagesdid.Thiswas8.________(particular)trueintheAmericancolonies(殖民地).SomeEnglishwordschangedintheUS,whetherintermsofspelling9.________intermsofgeneralusage.Inthemid1800s,BritishandAmericanEnglishspeakersfurtherdevelopedindifferentwaysand“fall”wasthecommonwordfor“autumn”intheUS,while“autumn”10.________(regard)asthewordfor“fall”inEngland.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。英文中“秋天”有两个名字。文章介绍了这两个名字的由来。1.original　考查词性转换。根据空后的名词“name”可知，此处应该填入形容词original“最初的”作定语。故填original。2.confused　考查形容词。形容词confused修饰人，意为“感到迷惑的”。故填confused。3.itself　考查代词。反身代词itself在此处作“theact”的同位语。故填itself。4.which　考查定语从句。此处“autumn”作先行词，指物，关系代词which在此处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。5.centuries　考查名词的单复数。根据空前的acoupleof“几个”，修饰可数名词复数可知应填复数形式。故填centuries。6.to　考查介词。leadto为固定短语，意为“导致”。故填to。7.going　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此句应该用过去进行时。故填going。8.particularly　考查副词。副词particularly在此处修饰形容词“true”。particularlytrue意为“特别真实”。故填particularly。9.or　考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“whetherintermsofspellingorintermsofgeneralusage”意为“无论是在拼写方面，还是在一般用法方面”。whether...or意为“无论…… 还是……”，引导让步状语从句，故填or。10.wasregarded　考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据上文中的时态，再结合autumn和regard是动宾关系可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语autumn是第三人称单数形式，故填wasregarded。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.被一组年轻人围着，这位老人感到非常高兴和满足。(surround)Surrounded_by_a_group_of_young_people,theoldmanfeltveryhappyandsatisfied.2.这只狗挣脱了它的主人，跑了。(breakawayfrom)Thedogbroke_away_fromitsownerandranaway.3.那位已经教了三十年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(inchargeof)Theteacher,whohastaughtforover30years,is_in_charge_of_the_school_work.4.由于老板对他所做的事情很满意，于是在办公室表扬了他。(过去分词短语作状语)Satisfied_with_what_he_did,thebosspraisedhimintheoffice.5.这份菜单有受欢迎的传统菜，也有较为吸引人的菜肴。(aswellas)Themenucontainedtraditionalfavouritesas_well_as_more_attractive_dishes.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Theroyalfamilyisfilledwithrules,andoneinparticularmightexplainwhyPrincessCharlotteisaprincess,butherkidslikelywon'tbe.WhenitcomestotheBritishroyalfamily,onethingisalmostalwaystrue:theyhaveaprettyconfusingsetofofficialrulesandprotocols.Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn'thavealastname.Anddon'tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.Ifyourheadisn'tswimmingyet,considerthetraditionofroyaltitles.AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince'swifemaybeconsideredaformal“princess”.ThelatterappliestoKate,whoisbothaprincessandtheDuchessofCambridgethankstohermarriagetoPrinceWilliam,theDukeofCambridge.Andtheirchildren,PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausetheirfatherisPrinceWilliam.However,whilePrinceGeorge'sfuturechildrenwillalsocarrytheirfather'sroyalstatus,anychildrenthatPrincessCharlottehaswillnotautomaticallybeconsideredprincesorprincesses.Why?Royalcustomdictatesthatroyaltitlesarepasseddownviasons,butnotdaughters.“Royaltitlesareinheritedthroughsons,soifPrincessCharlottehaschildrentheywouldnotautomaticallyinheritthetitles(hisorherroyalhighness)HRH,Prince,orPrincess，”LucyHume,associatedirectorofDebrett's,toldTown&Country.Ofcourse,exceptionscan(andwill！)bemade.(LearnabouteverytimetheBritishroyalfamilybroketheirownprotocol.)TheQueenhasofferedHRHstatustootherroyaloffspringsinthepast,includingthechildrenofQueenElizabeth'sdaughter,Anne.AlthoughPrincessAnneandherhusband,CaptainPhillips,declined,perhapsPrincessCharlottewillbeextendedthesameoffer whenherownchildrenareborn.1.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“protocols”inthesecondparagraph?A.Promises.B.Behaviours.C.Manners.D.Connections.2.Whatkindofchildisregardedas“princess”？A.Thesonofaprincess.B.Thedaughterofaprince.C.Thedaughterofaprincess.D.Thewifeofaking.3.WhoisCharlotte'sfather?A.PrinceGeorge.B.Elizabeth.C.PrinceWilliam.D.CaptainPhilips.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Anypersoncanbreaktraditionalrules.B.Noteverypersonmustobeytraditionalrules.C.AnyBritishroyalfamilymemberhastheirowntitle.D.MaybetheBritishroyalfamilywillbreaktheirownrules.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为皇室习俗规定皇室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。1.C　词义猜测题。画线词和上文中的rules是并列的，因此在词义上与rules(规则)接近，根据第二段中的“Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn'thavealastname.Anddon'tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.”可知，王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日，这是一种“规矩”。该句是在解释rules和protocols，因此画线单词的意思是“规矩”。故选C。2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince'swifemaybeconsideredaformal‘princess’．”可知，按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项中只有“王子的女儿”才被认为是公主。故选B。3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausetheirfatherisPrinceWilliam.”可知，乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔，因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。故选C。4.D 　段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，当然，可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代，包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份(注：HRH身份指的是皇室身份中的王子或公主。)，但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是：也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五Artgalleriesareplacesinwhichartistscandisplayalltypesofworksofart,includingpaintings,drawings,photographs,sculptures,etc.　1　Atthesametime,however,eachartworkmustbeprotectedfromexposuretotoomuchlightsincethatcancauseworkstofadeandthereforegetruined.　2　Themostcommonformoflightingusedtolightupartworksisindoorspotlightsontracksattachedtotheceilingnearwheretheworkisbeingdisplayed.　3　Itpermitsthelightstobemovedmoreeasilywhenthelightpatternsrequireadjusting.Recessed(嵌入的)lightsinwallsandceilingscanbeusefulsolongastheyarenotfixedinplacebutcaninsteadbeeasilymovedtocreateideallightpatterns.Mostartgallerydirectorsstatethatacombinationoftrackedandrecessedlightequipmentisidealbecausethetrackedlightsfocusdirectlyontheartworkwhiletherecessedlightsareusedonthenearbywallstoprovideasurroundinglightsource.　4　Howtoanglethelightsdependsupontheheightoftheceilingandthesizeoftheartwork.Cautionmustbetakentoavoidcreatingtoomanyareaswithshadowsortohavethelightscauseaglareontheartwork.Besides,thelightsshouldnotbebarebulbsburningdirectlyontheartworkbutshouldbemadeinsomewaytomakethelightingsofter.Accordingtoexperts,lowvoltage(电压)bulbsarethebesttousewhenlightingartwork.　5　Thusartworksshouldbeplacedinaroomwheresunlightcan'tdirectlyhitthem.A.Itcanmakethedisplaysattractive.B.Usingtrackedlightingisbeneficial.C.Lightplaysakeyroleinartgalleries.D.Thislightsourcecanbetterimprovethemoodsurroundingthework.E.Tobetterimprovetheirappearance,thedisplayareaneedstobewelllit.F.Findingahappymediumbetweennotenoughlightandtoomuchofitrequiresconsiderableskillandexperience.G.Aboveall,naturallightshouldbeavoidedsincedirectsunlightwilldamageartworks,particularlypaintings,overtime.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美术馆是艺术家可以展示各种艺术作品的地方，包括油画、绘画、照片、雕塑等，但美术馆的灯光也是十分重要的。1.E　根据空后的“Atthesametime,however,eachartworkmustbeprotectedfromexposuretotoomuchlight”可知，选项E中的“bewelllit”和“toomuchlight”相呼应，且选项E承接下文，故选E。2.F　根据空前的“Atthesametime,however,eachartworkmustbeprotectedfromexposuretotoomuchlightsincethatcancauseworkstofadeandthereforegetruined.” 可知，为了完善美术馆艺术作品的陈列效果，就需要良好的照明，而过多地暴露在光线下，会有损作品，所以需要在光线不足和光线过多之间找到一个适合的平衡点，这就需要相当多的技巧和经验，选项F可以承接上文，故选F。3.B　根据空前的“Themostcommonformoflightingusedtolightupartworksisindoorspotlightsontracksattachedtotheceilingnearwheretheworkisbeingdisplayed.”可知，该句中的“tracks”和选项B中“tracked”相呼应，且句意(使用履带式照明是有益的。)承接下文，这种履带式照明的灯光更容易移动，故选B。4.D　根据空前的“...acombinationoftrackedandrecessedlightequipmentisidealbecausethetrackedlightsfocusdirectlyontheartworkwhiletherecessedlightsareusedonthenearbywallstoprovideasurroundinglightsource.”可知，选项D能更好地顺承下文，故选D。5.G　根据空后的“Thusartworksshouldbeplacedinaroomwheresunlightcan'tdirectlyhitthem.”可知，选项G中“sunlight”和下文中的“sunlight”相呼应，且句意承接下文，故选G。Ⅲ.完形填空Asisknowntoall,moststoriesofkindnessdonotbeginwithformerlydrugaddictedcelebrity(名人)badboys.Minedoes.Whenthis1tookplace,Iwasaccompanyingmygrandmotheratahugegardenparty.Suddenly,RobertDowneyJr.,inanicecreamcolouredsuit,camein.IpointedoutthisbigmoviestartoGrandma2，butshewasfarmoreinterestedinpilingherpaperplatewithcheese.Asmy80yearoldgrandmotherroseforthe3aftertheparty,shefellintoawheelchairramp(坡道)nearby.Thesharpramp4herlegopenanditwasbleeding.Ishouldhavequicklytakencontrolofthesituation—butduetomybloodfaint,Ididn't.Luckily,RobertDowneyJr.5.Hecalledanambulanceimmediately,andaskedsomeoneto6ablanket.Hetookoffhissuitand7hissuitaroundherleg.Thecreamcolourturneddarkred.Robertsurelyknewhowtospeaktoher,8，distracther.Hestayedwithmygrandmotheruntiltheambulancecame,9herhandandtellinghershewasbreakinghisheartbyleavingsoearly.Ihurriedintotheambulancewithoutaword,feelingtooshytothankhim.Some15yearsafterthatgardenparty,andfiveyearssincehe'dbeensetfreefromprisonforpossessionofdrugsinhiscar,IcameacrossRobertinafancyrestaurant.Iwas10torespectpeople'sprivacyandnever11someonehavingameal.Butonthisday,Idecidedto12thecode.“Idon'thaveany13ifyourememberthis...”andItoldhimthestory.“IjustwantedtotellyouthatitwassimplythekindestactI'veever14.”It'snevertoolatetoexpressourappreciationforkindnesswhichliesineveryone,evenacelebritybadboy.15，appreciationitselfisasortofkindness.1.A.party　　　　B.kindnessC.accidentD.story2.A.excitedlyB.surprisingly C.fortunatelyD.successfully3.A.gardenB.wheelchairC.starD.exit4.A.toreB.brokeC.cutD.pushed5.A.gotacrossB.turnedupC.gotreadyD.calmeddown6.A.buyB.rentC.lendD.fetch7.A.tiedB.coveredC.placedD.pulled8.A.insteadB.forexampleC.otherwiseD.orrather9.A.shakingB.wavingC.holdingD.pressing10.A.persuadedB.bornC.raisedD.forced11.A.botherB.talktoC.stareatD.upset12.A.abandonB.setC.followD.improve13.A.ideaB.troubleC.doubtD.interest14.A.calledB.witnessedC.heardD.performed15.A.ButforB.AfterallC.AsaresultD.Onthecontrary【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的奶奶被一位名人搭救，十多年后作者对恩人表示感谢的故事。1.D　根据下文内容可知，文章讲述的是作者的奶奶在大型花园派对上被搭救的故事。故选D。2.A　根据语境可知，作者看到名人，便激动地指给奶奶看。故选A。3.D　结合下文“aftertheparty”可知，派对结束了，奶奶在走向出口的途中摔入坡道。故选D。4.C　根据下文“itwasbleeding”可知坡道划破了奶奶的大腿。故选C。5.B　根据上文“Ishouldhavequicklytakencontrolofthesituation—butduetomybloodfaint,Ididn't.”可知，作者晕血，无法控制局面，但是幸运的是小罗伯特·唐尼出现了。故选B。 6.D　句意：他立刻叫了救护车并且让一个人取来一张毯子。根据语境，小罗伯特·唐尼出现了应是让别人取来一张毯子，取毯子应用动词fetch。故选D。7.A　根据下文“Thecreamcolourturneddarkred.”可知他将西服系在了奶奶的腿上。故选A。8.D　句意：罗伯特当然知道和她说什么，或者更确切地说，怎样使她分心。根据语境可知，罗伯特同奶奶说话，更确切地说是为了让她分心减少痛苦。故选D。9.C　句意：他和我的祖母待在一起，直到救护车来了，他握着祖母的手，告诉她这么早就离开让他很伤心。holdherhand，意为“握住她的手”。故选C。10.C　句意：我从小就被教育要尊重别人的隐私，从不打扰别人吃饭。结合下文“respectpeople'sprivacy”可知，作者从小被教育要尊重别人的隐私”。故选C。11.A　句意同上。结合上文“IcameacrossRobertinafancyrestaurant.”可知，小罗伯特在吃饭，作者从来不打扰别人。故用bother，故选A。12.A　句意：但是在这一天，我决定抛弃约束。结合上文作者十五年后与他相见，为了表达感谢，作者此时抛弃自己被教养的约束去和小罗伯特打招呼。故选A。13.A　句意：我不知道你是否记得这件事……然后我就告诉他这个故事。havenoidea，意为“不知道”。故选A。14.B　根据语境可知，这是作者所见过的最善良的行为，应该用witness。故选B。15.B　句意：毕竟，感激本身就是一种善良。根据句意可知此句顺承上句“evenacelebritybadboy”，应用afterall。故选B。Ⅳ.语法填空Dujiangyanistheoldestmanmadewatersystemintheworld,andawonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.1.________(build)over2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineering2.________(achieve)isstillusedtoday.Inancienttimes,theregioninwhichDujiangyannowstands3.________(suffer)fromregularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.4.________(help)thevictimsoftheflooding,LiBing,theregiongovernor,togetherwithhisson,decidedtofindasolution.LidesignedaseriesofchannelsbuiltatdifferentlevelsalongMountYuleithatwouldtakeawaythefloodwaterwhileleavingtheriverflowingnaturally.5.________(good)still,theextrawatercouldbedirectedtothedryChengduPlain,making6.________suitableforfarming.Oncethesystemwasfinished,nomorefloodsoccurredandthepeoplewereabletolive7.________(peaceful).Today,Dujiangyanisadmiredbyscientistsfromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature.Unlikemoderndams8.________thewaterisblockedwithahugewall,DujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiangRivernaturally,9.________(enable)theecosystem(生态系统)andfishpopulationstoexist10.________harmony.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。1.Built　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“1.________(build)over2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineering...”为省略句，其逻辑主语是主句的主语“thisamazingengineering”，动词build与它是被动关系。根据时间状语“over2,200yearsago”推断出，动作已发生并表被动。故要用过去分词built。故填Built。2.achievement　考查名词。“thisamazingengineering2.________(achieve)isstillusedtoday”中，空格所在处在句中作主语，所以要用名词形式。而achieve是动词，故用其名词形式achievement。3.suffered　考查谓语动词。根据本句中的时间状语“Inancienttimes”可知，要用一般过去时。故用suffered。4.Tohelp　考查非谓语动词。本句表示目的，用动词不定式。故填Tohelp。5.Better　考查固定搭配。句意：更好的是，多余的水可以直接送到干旱的成都平原……betterstill为固定搭配，意为“更好的是”，所以用good的比较级better。故填Better。6.it　考查代词。分析句子成分可知，本空指的是前面“theextrawater(多余的水)”，water是不可数名词，故填it。7.peacefully　考查副词。分析“nomorefloodsoccurredandthepeoplewereabletolive7.________(peaceful)”可知，本句的形容词peaceful在句子中修饰动词live，修饰动词要用副词，故填peacefully。8.where　考查定语从句的关系词。分析“Unlikemoderndams8.________thewaterisblockedwithahugewall”可知，句中的moderndams是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，因此要用where。故填where。9.enabling　考查非谓语动词。句意：……都江堰仍然允许水自然流经岷江，使生态系统……分析空格处所在句子可知，“DujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiangRivernaturally”是主句，自然而然导出下面的内容，而enable与前面的句子是主动关系，要用v.ing形式作结果状语。故填enabling。10.in　考查固定搭配。inharmony为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间地，和谐地”。故填in。