Unit3 SportsandfitnessGrammar语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Wonderfulgym,isn'tit?2.Thisisn'tyourfirsttimehere,isit?3.Youcomehereoften,don'tyou?4.Butitwon'tmakemetootired,willit?5.Comealongandjoinus,willyou?附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,主要用于口语,其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断,也可以用祈使句表示请求或者建议,在句子结构上前半部分为陈述句,后半部分是前面部分的简短问句,如果前半部分为肯定句,后半句的简短问句则为否定式;如果前半部分为否定句,后面简短问句则为肯定式。另外如果前半部分句子的主语是名词,在反意疑问句中要改为代词。一、附加疑问句的组成附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。组成例句肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分Youoftenplaybadminton,don'tyou?You'regoingtothegymwithme,aren'tyou?It'snotarealsport,isit?Theycan'tfinishitbyFriday,canthey?二、反意疑问句的几种特殊句型(一)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用needn't;当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。如:Youmustgonow,needn'tyou?你现在必须走,是吗?Youmustn'tsmokehere,must/mayyou?你不可以在此吸烟,行吗?当must/may(might)表示推测,即must作“一定,准时”讲,may/might作“可能”讲时,可首先将句子改变“Iamsure/guessthat从句”,反意疑问部分的动词形式根据besure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如:1.Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,?→Iamsure/guessthatyouarehungrynow,aren'tyou?→Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,aren'tyou?
你现在一定/可能饿了,是吗?2.Youmusthaveheardaboutit,?→Iamsurethatyouhaveheardaboutit,haven'tyou?→Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven'tyou?你一定听说过这事了,是吗?3.Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,?→Iamsurethatyouwatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn'tyou→Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn'tyou?你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了,是吗?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语lastnight)(二)陈述部分含有usedto的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。如:Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn't/didn'tyou?你过去经常开着窗户睡觉,是吗?(三)陈述部分含有oughtto的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如:Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn't/shouldn'the?他应该去听这个演讲,是吗?(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?(五)如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如:Tomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn'the?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?It'sunfair,isn'tit?那不公平,不是吗?(六)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致。如:Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn'the?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?(2)陈述部分的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致;陈述部分的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的反问部分的主语和时态与陈述部分的主语、时态一致。如:
Idon'tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?我认为他不会成功,会吗?Tomdoesn'tbelieveJanewillsucceed,doeshe?汤姆不相信简会成功,对吗?(七)祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:(1)否定祈使句,+willyou?(2)肯定祈使句,+will/won'tyou?(3)Let's...,+shallwe?(4)Letus...,+will/won'tyou?(5)Let+第三人称...,+willyou?如:Openthedoor,will/won'tyou?打开门,好吗?Let'sgooutforawalk,shallwe?我们出去散步,好吗?Letusgohomenow,will/won'tyou?现在,(您)让我们回家,好吗?(八)回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则1.不管是主句为否定,还是附加问句为否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则用否定回答。如当对方问你Youaren'tateacher,areyou?或Youareateacher,aren'tyou?时,你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可,如果你是老师,回答Yes,Iam.否则,No,Iamnot.2.要么肯定到底,要么否定到底,不会出现类似于Yes,Idon't.或No,Ido.的形式。(九)附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句one(指人)One或heOnecan'tbecarefulenough,canhe/one?再小心也不为过,是吗?this,that,these,thoseit或theyThisisn'tafasttrain,isit?这不是辆快车,对吗?everything,anything,something;nothingitNothinghappenedtohim,didit?他没发生什么事,是吗?everyone,everybody,noone,nobodyanyone,anybodyhe或they(常见)Nobodylikestobelaughedat,doeshe/dothey?没有人愿意被嘲笑,是吗?
不定式,动名词,其他短语itLearningtakeshimmuchtime,doesn'tit?学习花了他很多时间,对吗?Therebe句型be/情态动词/助动词+thereTherewillberaintomorrow,won'tthere?明天要下雨,是吗?三、附加疑问句的回答附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似,注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。如:(1)A:The29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing,weren'tthey?B:Yes,theywere.(Yes,that'sright.)(2)A:MichaelJordanstartedtoplaybasketballincollege,didn'the?B:No,hedidin't.Hefirstplayedinateaminseniorhighschool.(3)A:Davidhasbeentoaboxingmatch,hasn'the?B:No,hehasn't.HealwayswatchesboxingonTV.(4)A:Youcan'tcook,canyou?B:Yes,Ican.I'mgoodatcooking.四、附加疑问部分的读法陈述部分一般用降调,而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调,但含义有所不同。通常情况下,用升调时,多表示疑问或请求;用降调时,多表示求证或希望对方同意。如:Theschoolteamhavewonthegoldmedal,haven'tthey?Theschoolteamhavewonthegoldmedal,haven'tthey?Ⅰ.写出下列句中的反意疑问句(部分)1.Toseeistobelieve,isn'tit?2.Thatisyourbook,isn'tit?3.Theseareyourfriends,aren'tthey?4.Somethinghasgonewrongwiththemachine,hasn'tit?5.Learningalanguagewilltakealotoftime,won'tit?6.Thereshouldbenoproblem,shouldthere?7.Thereusedtobeaschoolhere,didn't/usedn'tthere?8.Pleasecleantheclassroom,John,will/won'tyou?9.Let'shaveabreak,shallwe?10.MrWhitedoesn'tbelievehissoncandesignacar,doeshe?Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Youmustbenervousnow,aren'tyou?2.Theymusthaveheardaboutit,haven'tthey?3.YoumusthavewatchedtheTVprogrammelastmonth,didn'tyou?4.Iguesshewillcometotheparty,won'the?5.Theythinkyoushouldcomealongwiththem,don'tthey?6.—Youhaven'tbeenherelong,haveyou?—No,Ihaven't.Iamanewcomerhere.7.Letushaveawalkaftersupper,willyou?8.Let'sgoshopping,shallwe?9.—Youaren'tastudent,areyou?—Yes,Iam.10.Thegirldislikesplayingfootball,doesn'tshe?