《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》5 第五讲　特殊句式

第五讲　特殊句式【典题试做】　1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeding(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,make(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.在语法填空中强调句是高考考查的重点，倒装句是高考书面表达的得分点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和therebe句型的主谓一致也是高考考查的重点项目。　【典题试做】　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”Turning→Turn1．倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；2．强调句型中it或that的误用；3．感叹句中what和how的误用；4．祈使句中动词原形的误用；5．Therebe句型中be动词单复数的误用。　强调句1．陈述句式：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他．(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？(2017·天津卷)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。(四川卷)Wasitonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown? 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？2．not...until...的强调句：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．(注意时态)(湖南卷)ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.　直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。■名师点津(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。IwonderwhoitwasthattoldJimthenews.我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。(2)强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。倒装句完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here,there,now,then,up,down,away,off,in,out,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首，且主语为名词时部分倒装否定副词(never,neither,nor,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(atnotime,bynomeans,onnocondition,innocase等)置于句首时only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时部分倒装“so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“……也是如此/也不……”“Notonly＋部分倒装，butalso...”表示“不仅……而且……”notuntil...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装So＋adj./adv.＋部分倒装＋that.../Such(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋部分倒装＋that...表示“如此……以至于……”(江苏卷)Notuntilrecentlydidtheyencouragethedevelopmentoftouristrelatedactivitiesintheruralareas.　直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。(湖南卷)Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhoursdidtheyreachadecision. 直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。(四川卷)Welaughatjokes,butseldomdowethinkabouthowtheywork.　我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。(陕西卷)Johnopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。其他特殊句式(一)省略1．状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。(湖南卷)Children,whenaccompaniedbytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。2．不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect,hope,intend,mean,try,want,wish等词后。(江苏卷)Firstly,peoplemayfeelforcedwhenaskedtodothingsthattheydon’twantto.　首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do,后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接不定式时，不能省略to。(陕西卷)Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.　如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。■名师点津特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)：ifso　　　　　　　　如果这样的话ifnot并非如此ifever如果曾经有的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话ifpossible如果可能的话ifany如果有的话(二)感叹句1．what引导的感叹句(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！2．how引导的感叹句(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！(3)How＋主语＋谓语！(辽宁卷)Whatastrangeplant(＝Howstrangeaplant)!I’veneverseenitbefore.多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.　这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。(三)祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。DoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。(四)therebe句型(1)therebe句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seemtobe,appeartobe,happentobe,usedtobe等替换。Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen.　自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.　从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(2)therebe句型的常考句型：Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.做某事没有意义。Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.(某人)没有必要做某事。Thereis(no)difficulty/troubleindoing/withsth.做某事(没)有困难。Thereisnopossibilityof(doing)sth./that...(做)某事没有可能性。巧解特殊句式一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”，其判断方法：若去掉Itis/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整， 则题干为强调句。二、巧用还原法，化难为易对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·天津和平一模)Aroundthispointdevelops(develop)thestory,whichishumorousandfullofastronglocalflavor.2．(2020·天津部分区质调)—It’snice.NeverbeforehaveIhadsuchadeliciousmeal!—I’mgladyouenjoyit.3．(2020·北京朝阳二模)Soredwashercoatthatitstoodoutagainstthesnow.4．Heofferedtogetmysuitcaseoutofthetrunk.Icollecteditandwalkedaway.Sodidhe.5．Duringthevisiting,weweretoldnottotouchtheequipmentinthelaboratoryunlessallowed(allow)to.6．(2020·四川部分名校联测)Atthetopofthehilllies(lie)anoldcottagewhichhasawonderfulviewofthewholecity.7．(2020·江苏四市调研)OnehasreasontobelievethatChina’santicorruptionoverthepastfewyears,toughas/thoughitis,hasachievedinspiringprogress.8．(2020·天津河西质调)Isitheoryouwho/thatareinchargeofthejobandsupposedtocompleteitpunctually?9．(2020·牡丹江一中摸底)Whatfunitistohaveacolddrinkafteranexcitinggame!10．(2020·西安八校联考)AsfarasIcansee,thereisnopossibilitythathewillwinthetennismatchthistime.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeouthowitisheistryingtoexpress.how→what2．Hehasn’tsleptatallforfourdays.Thereisnowonderthatheiswornout.There→It3．(2020·广东六校联盟联考)Makingsurethosekidsandtheirfamiliesaresafe,becauselivinginacaveprovidesadifferentenvironment.Making→Make4．NotuntilthenIknowmyseniorhighschoollifehadreallybegun.在I前加did5．ItwasayearagowhenJoshuagotabikeatChristmas,andherodeiteveryday.when→that6．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleavinginthewronghands.leaving→left7．Thereappearstohavelittleenthusiasmforyouridea.have→be8．(2020·郑州高三质量预测)WhatattractiveandinvitingHangzhouis！What→How 9．(2020·青岛模拟)TherehavesomepiecesofinformationthatI’dliketosharewithyou.have→are10．Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightwhichisofimportance.which→thatⅠ.语法填空(2020·怀化一模)TheMidAutumnDayisaveryimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.Ittakesitsnamefromthefactthatit1.is__celebrated(celebrate)inthemiddleoftheautumnseason.TheMidAutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthe2.eighth(eight)lunarmonth.ThedayisknownastheMoonFestival,asatthattimeoftheyearthemoonisatitsroundestand3.brightest(bright)．Itisaneveningcelebrationin4.whichfamiliesgathertogetherandeatmooncakes.Besides，5.to__make(make)thehousemorebeautiful,peoplewillhangredlanternsinfrontofit.Onthatday,peoplelookbackonthepastandlookforwardtothefuturetogether.Childrenwillplaywiththeirown6.toys(toy)andenjoythemselves.TheMidAutumnFestivalcelebrationsdateback7.tomorethan2，000yearsago.Theword“MidAutumn”first8.appeared(appear)inthefamousancientbookZhouLi.However,itwasnotuntiltheearlyTangDynasty9.thatpeoplecelebratedthedayasatraditionalfestival.Itbecamean10.officially(official)establishedfestivalduringtheSongDynasty,andhasbecomeaspopularastheSpringFestivalsincetheMingandQingDynasties.Celebrationshavecontinuedeversinceandmorecustomsformarkingthisoccasionhavebeenformed.Ⅱ.短文改错(2020·漳州质检)Dearfriends，Goodmorning!TodayIwanttotalkonyouaboutpublicmorals.Nowadayswecanstillseesomebehavioragainstpublicmorals.Whichisoftenthecase,peopletendtotalkloudlyinpublicplaces,annoyedothersaround.Litteringrubbishcanbeseeingeverywhere.Inanaddition,it’scommontheyoungsitonthebuswhiletheelderlystand.Measuresmustbetakentochangethissituation.Firstofall,asstudent,weshouldmanageourownbehaviorandhelppeoplearoundusformwellhabits.Meanwhile,itwasnecessaryforthegovernmentandpublicorganizationstoencouragepeopletobehaveproper.That’sall.Thanksforyourattention!答案：Dearfriends，Goodmorning!TodayIwanttotalkyouaboutpublicmorals.Nowadayswecan stillseesomebehavioragainstpublicmorals.isoftenthecase,peopletendtotalkloudlyinpublicplaces,othersaround.Litteringrubbishcanbeeverywhere.Inaddition,it’scommontheyoungsitonthebuswhiletheelderlystand.Measuresmustbetakentochangethissituation.Firstofall,as，weshouldmanageourownbehaviorandhelppeoplearoundusformhabits.Meanwhile,itnecessaryforthegovernmentandpublicorganizationstoencouragepeopletobehave.That’sall.Thanksforyourattention!