冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解阅读表达任务型阅读社会人生类（解析版）

时事热点冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解阅读表达\任务型阅读社会人生类（解析版）(2018·天津卷·阅读表达)话题:勇攀人生顶峰　词数:318W　难度:★★★　　Somepeoplelivetoclimbthehighestmountains.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileotherslivetoavoideverclimbingatall.Butonethingiscertain,allpeopleencountermountainsintheirlife.　　WhenIwasalittlegirl,myfamilymovedtoatinytownatthebottomofabigmountain.Onedayafterschool,whileexploringthegreenwoodsofthismagnificentmountain,Ialmostfellonasetofstairs.Whatcouldthesestepsleadto?CuriositygotthebestofmeasIknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon.Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.Iclimbedandclimbed.Therewasnothingbutjustgreenbushesandthesesteps.Ihadtoreachthetop!Butitwasnowgettingrealdark.IfIkeptgoingImightnotbeabletoseemywayback.MymumwouldbeworriedsickifIdidn'tcomehomesoon.SoIranbackhomealmostinthedarkwhiletryingnottogettooscared.AnxiouslyIwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.Couldtherebeacastleupthere?MaybeIwouldfindamonster(怪物).MaybeIwastakingtheriskofnevercomingbackhome.Or,maybeallIwouldfindwasabsolutelynothing!Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountainatallcost.Icouldhardlywaittotrythisadventureagain.英语第21页（共21页） Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can'tdo”attitudes.Weallfalldown.Weallhavedoubtsandregrets.Stillwemustclimbanddreamaboutwhat'satthetopofourmountain.Monstersmayappearorthenightwillfall.Butneverevergiveuponyourdream!Neverletanyonetellyou,“Youcan't.”Dreambigandclimbhigh! 56.Whatmadetheauthorstarttoclimbupthestairstothemountaintop?(nomorethan5words) 【解析】Curiositymadeherdoso./Thedesiretoexplore.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Curiositygotthebestofme...”可知好奇心促使她这样做。57.Whydidtheauthorhurrybackhomewithoutreachingthetopofthemountain?Givetworeasons.(nomorethan15words)【解析】Becauseitwasgettingdark,andshedidn'twanthermothertoworryabouther./Becauseshewasscared,andmightnotbeabletofindher/thewaybackhome.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“MymumwouldbeworriedsickifIdidn'tcomehomesoon.”可知作者害怕母亲担心。根据第四段中的“MaybeIwastakingtheriskofnevercomingbackhome.”可知作者或许当时正冒着永远也回不了家的危险。58.HowwouldyoudescribetheauthorintermsofpersonalitiesaccordingtoParagraph4?(nomorethan10words)【解析】Shehadrichimaginationandshewasbrave./Shewasabraveanddetermined英语第21页（共21页） girlwithrichimagination./Shewasimaginativeanddetermined,andshedaredtoexplore./Shewasimaginative,adventurousanddetermined.归纳概括题。根据第四段最后两句“Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountainatallcost.Icouldhardlywaittotrythisadventureagain.”可知作者内心对再次登山已是迫不及待了,她是勇敢且富有探险精神的。59.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?(nomorethan5words) 【解析】Weallsometimesfail./Wefacefailure(defeat/hardships/challenges)inlife./Therearedifficulties/barriers/obstaclesinlife./Werunintotroublesometimes./Wehavetroubleinlife.句意猜测题。该句上下文意为:周围世界充斥着“做不了”的态度。我们也都彷徨过,遗憾过,但即便我们失败了或遇到障碍了,我们也必须攀登人生的高山并憧憬未来。60.What'syourattitudetowardsthe“mountain”inyourlife?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words) 【解析】IwilltrytoreachmygoalbecauseIwanttoliveanexcitinglife./Iwilltrytoreach/gettothetopofthe“mountain”becauseIwanttobesuccessfulinlife.开放性题目。注意词数及人称要求。【难句剖析】Somepeoplelivetoclimbthehighestmountains.Somepeopleliveonlydreaming英语第21页（共21页） aboutitwhileotherslivetoavoideverclimbingatall.分析:第二句是由while连接的并列句。some...others...是固定结构,意为“一些……另一些……”;dreamingaboutit作live的伴随状语;climbing作avoid的宾语。it指代前一句中的toclimbthehighestmountains。翻译:一些人为征服最高的山峰而生。一些人则只梦想着攀登高峰,而有些人根本就是避免攀登高峰。(2018·江苏卷·任务型阅读)话题:艺术促进经济词数:470难度:★★★★★HowArtsPromoteOurEconomyWhenmostpeoplethinkofthearts,theyimaginetheendproduct,thebeautifulpainting,awonderfulpieceofmusic,oranaward-winningperformanceinthetheater.Butartsgroupsbringbroadervaluetoourcommunities.Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged.Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts,managers,musicians,orwriterstocreateanappealingpieceofart.Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.“Ifyoubuildittheywillcome”isamisleadingbelief.Painters,digitalmediaexperts,photographers,bookingagentsandpromotersarehiredtosellticketsandpromotetheevent.AccordingtotheDallasAreaCulturalAdvocacyCoalition,artsagenciesemploymore英语第21页（共21页） than10,000peopleasfull-orpart-timeemployeesorindependentcontractors.Asuccessfulartsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(连锁反应)throughoutacommunity.In2005,whentheBishopArtsTheatrewasdonatedtoourtown,thelocationwasconsideredapoorareaoftown.Afterinvestingmorethan$1millioninreconstructingthebuilding,webeganproducingafullseasonoftheaterperformances,jazzconcerts,andyear-roundartseducationprogramsin2008.Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascitylimitsanddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.Nodoubtthetheaterhascontributedtothearea'sdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.Today,therearegalleries,studios,restaurantsandnewlybuiltworkspaceswhereneighborsshareexperiences,wherethereisrenewedlifeandenergy.Inthisway,artsandculturealsoserveasapublicgood.TeCoTheatricalProductionsInc.madeuseofBloomberg'sinvestmentof$35,000togetnearly$400,000inpublicandprivatesectorsupportduringthetwo-yearperiod.Further,Dallasartsandarts-basedbusinessesproduce$298foreverydollarthecityspendsonartsprogrammingandfacilities.InPhiladelphia,ametroareasmallerthanDallas,theartshaveaneconomicimpactofalmost$3billionandsupport44,000jobs,80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry,includingaccountants,marketers,constructionworkers,hotelmanagers,printers,andotherkindsofartworkers.Theartsareefficienteconomicdriversandwhentheyaresupported,theentiresmall-businesscommunitybenefits.英语第21页（共21页） Itiswrongtoassumeartsgroupscannotmakeaprofit.Butinordertostayinbusiness,artsgroupsmustproducereturns.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.Butthosewhotrulyunderstandtheeconomicimpactandcanworktochangethepatternscancreateawiderangeofcareerpossibilities.ArtsasaneconomicdriverOurcommunities(71)　　　fromartsintermsofeconomy. (72)　　　ofarts'promotingoureconomy Artsactivitydemandsa(n)(73)_effort.Itinvolvescreation,performance,and(74)　　　. ◆Artistsmakealivingthroughtheircreativework.◆Othersgetpaidbymarketingtheevent.英语第21页（共21页） Artshaveagraduallyspreading(75).Theycouldhelppromoteotherindustrieswhethertheylieinsideoroutsidearts.◆Besidestickets,somejazzloverswillpaytheir(76)　　　toandfromtheevents. ◆Artscontributetoculturaldevelopmentwhenpeoplegathertogethertosharetheirexperienceandrenewtheirenergy.Investmentinartscouldproducepotential(77)　　　economicresults. ◆TeCouseda$35,000artinvestmenttoattractanoverallsupportof$400,000.◆InDallas,onedollarinvestedinartscouldharvestanextraordinaryreturnofnearly$300.◆InPhiladelphiatheartshavecreatedabout35,000jobopportunitiesforworkers(78)　　　artsindustry. ArtstudentsmakingagoodlivingWiththese(79)　　　inmind,artstudentsneednotworryabouttheircareerandhavea(n)(80)　　　plan. 71.【解析】benefit。信息转换题。通过句子分析,空格处需要动词,与from构成搭配,根据本题左边的概括Artsasaneconomicdriver,以及第一段中But英语第21页（共21页） 后的信息为artsgroupsbringbroadervaluetoourcommunities,都是在说art的益处,所以填benefit。72.【解析】Ways。段落归纳题。从表格右边的内容推测,这里讲的是艺术对经济促进的几个方面。故填Ways。73.【解析】joint/collective。信息转换题。根据itinvolvescreation,performance可知,这涉及创作,表演……故填joint或collective。74.【解析】promotion/marketing。信息转换题。根据第三段中Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.可知,艺术也需要市场推广,将动词变为名词,填marketing或直接填promotion。75.【解析】effect。词汇复现题。信息定位到第四段Asuccessfulartsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffectthroughoutacommunity.由此可知,不管在艺术范围内还是艺术范围外的产业,都会受到艺术的影响。76.【解析】fares。信息转换题。根据jazzlovers定位到第四段的Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascitylimitsanddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.再根据动词pay得知付的是钱,toandfromtheevents指的是人们从别处坐车来看表演,掏的应该是车费fare,不是fee。77.【解析】positive。段落归纳题。根据第五段Inthisway,artsandculturealsoserveasapublicgood.再联系表格中下面的内容可知,此处指好的结果。78.【解析】outside/beyond。词汇复现题。根据数字35000,快速定位到第六段,再根据artsindustry,定位到80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry由此可知此处指艺术产业之外的工人,故填outside或者beyond。79.【解析】statistics/data/analyses英语第21页（共21页） 。段落归纳题。此处是对以上内容的归纳,意为:牢记以上统计、数据或分析,艺术专业的学生不必担心自己的职业生涯,也不用有什么备用计划。80.【解析】alternative。信息转换题。此处是将文章中的planB转换为alternativeplan,指备用计划。【难句剖析】Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.Butthosewhotrulyunderstandtheeconomicimpactandcanworktochangethepatternscancreateawiderangeofcareerpossibilities.分析:第二个句子中who引导定语从句,修饰those。定语从句中的and连接两个并列谓语understand和canwork。翻译:如果你是一个学习艺术的学生,你很有可能不明智地制订一个B计划。但是那些真正了解经济影响并能改变经济模式的人可以创造出广泛的就业机会。1.(2019•天津6月卷•阅读表达)话题:一位学校管理员的故事　词数:355W　难度:★★★　　HazeMabry,whohasworkedasaschoolkeeperforthirteenyears,walksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptiesgarbagecans,wipesdownbathroomsandmopswetmessesinthehallways.　　LastFriday,afterhearrivedattheschool,insteadoffindinggarbagetocleanup,hefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecards,blowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.Itwashis80th.Ashewalkedthelonghallway,somepoppedoutoflinetohughim.Theyhandedhimsomanycardsthattheyfilledseverallargeboxes.Touchedbytheirenthusiasticexpressionofaffection.Mabrythankedthemall.“They’relikemychildren,”Mabry英语第21页（共21页） said.　　Onaregularday,studentsattheschoolsometimescomeuptohimtosaythey’renotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomethingthathappenedatbreak.Heknowsmostofthekidsattheschool,butcan’tnameeachone.Someofthemmakehimknowthem.LikeFaith,whooftenforgetsherbackpackinthecafeteria,andLucy,whojustwantsahug.　　“Hewon’tbrag(夸耀)onhimself,butitdoesn’tmatterwhathe’sdoingorwhereheis,hewillalwaysstopwhathe’sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.Ifachildapproacheshim,hewillpausetogivethatchildhisundividedattention.He’sthemostlovedoneinthisbuilding,”saidLoriGilreath,areadingteacher.　　Mabryworkscirclesaroundallthestudents,cleaningupmessesothersdon’twanttotouch.Hedoesn’texpectalot.Mabrysaidhehadn’tplannedtodomuchforhismilestonebirthday,sohewashappythestudentshadpreparedthesurprisecelebration.　　Overtheweekend,heworkedthroughthepilesofhandmadecardsathishouse.Onecardfromastudentstoodouttohim.Itread:“MrHaze,youaremysunshine.”【文章大意】本文主要介绍了HazeMabry,一位学校管理员,上周五,他到达学校后,没有发现可以打扫的垃圾,而是学生排成队祝贺他80岁的生日。平时他关心每个孩子,深受学生的爱戴。56.WhatisMabry’sdailyworkasaschoolkeeper?(nomorethan5words) 英语第21页（共21页） 【解析】Cleaningthe(school)building.Or:Doing(the)cleaning.Or:Hecleansthe(school)building.Or:Hedoes(the)cleaning.57.HowdidthestudentscelebrateMabry?sbirthday?(nomorethan15words) 【解析】Byliningthehallways,blowingnoisemakers,singingasong,handinghimcards,andhugginghim.Or:Byliningthehallwayswith(handmade)cards,blowingnoisemakers,singingasong,andhugginghim.Or:Theylinedthehallways,blewnoisemakers,sangasong,handedhimcards,andhuggedhim.Or:Theylinedthehallwayswith(handmade)cards,blewnoisemakers,sangasong,andhuggedhim.58.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2probablymean?(1word) 【解析】Love.Or:Liking.Or:Fondness.59.WhyisMabry’spresenceattheschoolimportant?(nomorethan10words) 【解析】(Because)heloves/caresabout(the)studentsandworkshard.英语第21页（共21页） Or:(Because)heloves(the)studentsandisdevotedtowork.Or:(Because)heiskind/caring/helpfultothestudents,andhard-working.Or:(Because)heisregardedasakind/warm-hearted/helpful/caringandhard-workingman.60.Whoisthe“sunshine”inyourlife?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words) 【解析】Myfather/mother.(Because)he/shelovesmeandencouragesmewhenI?mfaced/confrontedwithdifficulties.Or:Myteacher.(Because)he/shecaresaboutmeandteachesmealotformyfuturecareer.Or:Myfriend.(Because)he/shebringsmejoy/happinessandgivesmealotofcomfort/help/encouragement.【难句剖析】Hewon’tbragonhimself,butitdoesn’tmatterwhathe’sdoingorwhereheis,hewillalwaysstopwhathe’sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.分析:but连接前后两个句子。but后面的句子itdoesn’tmatterwhathe’sdoingorwhereheis中,it作形式主语,what和where引导的两个从句作真正的主语。后面的句子hewillalwaysstopwhathe’sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday中,whathe’sdoing是宾语从句,作stop的宾语。ifthatchildishavingabadday是条件状语从句。翻译:他不夸耀自己,但是无论他在做什么或者他在哪儿都没关系,如果发现一个孩子不开心,他总会停止他正在做的事情来照顾那个孩子。英语第21页（共21页） 2.(2019•天津6月卷•阅读表达)话题:好教师的品质　词数:323　难度:★★★　　MyteacherPeterBullockprovedthatsciencewasn’tboringandmadephysicsgreatfun.Ineverylessonhewouldproduceoneofthoseworksheetsinpurpleinkthatsmelledfreshfromthemachine.Everysheetcontainedapoemorajokeandwelookedforwardtothembeinghandedout.I’vekeptthemalltoshowtomyownchildren.Therewasonepoeminparticularthat’sstayedinmymemory,whichwent:InearlydaysManmeasuredTimeBysunriseandsunsetsublime;　　Aswellasbeingabletoturnphysicsintopoetry,Peterhadenergyandpassionandconveyedthesensethatsciencewaspartoftheworldaroundyouandnotadullboringacademicdiscipline.I’msurehewasstickingprettymuchtothestandardtopics—wavesandelectricityandsoon—buthemanagedtoconverteverythingintoajokeorastoryanddidsoinacleverandimaginativeway.　　PeterBullockwasnotonlyanexcitingteacher,butalsothemanwhofoundedthedebateclubinmyschool.HeencouragedmetotakepartandexpressmyselfinaforcefulwaythatI’vebeendoingeversince—andgettingpaidforit.ThatmademewhatIamtoday—acommerciallawyer.　　PeterBullocktaughtmethroughoutmysecondaryschoolingandItookphysics,chemistryandmathsatA-level.Everyoneinhisclassenjoyedlearning.Hewasinspiring.Heturnedmeontotheideathatthethingsyouareinterestedinmightseemdullonthesurface,butyoucanstillexciteothers.Forexample,whenItellpeopleI’m英语第21页（共21页） interestedinlaw,theymaythink:“Howboring.”Iguessbeingaphysicsteacherismuchthesame.Petershowedmethatwhatmattersishowyouconveyyourownpassionsothatyouexciteotherpeople.56.WhydidthestudentsexpecttogettheworksheetsinPeter’sclass?(nomorethan10words) 【解析】(Because)everysheetcontained/hadapoemorajoke.Or:(Because)therewasapoem/ajokeoneverysheet. Or:(Because)theworksheetswereinteresting/amusing. 57.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinPara.2?(1word) 【解析】Subject.Or:Field.Or:Area. 58.WhatdoesPara.3mainlytellus?(nomorethan15words) 【解析】Theauthor’sexperienceinthedebateclubcontributedtohiscareer. Or:Theauthorbenefitedfromhisexperienceinthedebateclub. Or:Peterinfluencedtheauthor’scareer. Or:Peterplayedaveryimportantroleintheauthor’slife. Or:Peterfoundedthedebateclub,whichhelpedtheauthortobecomealawyer. 59.HowdidPetermakehisstudentsinterestedinthethingsthatseemdull?(nomorethan10words) 英语第21页（共21页） 【解析】Byconveyinghisownpassiontothestudents. Or:Heusedpoems,jokesandstoriesinhisteaching. Or:Byusingcreativeteachingmethods. 60.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantqualityofagoodteacher?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words) 【解析】Agoodteachershouldbepassionate.Thisisimportantbecauseapassionateteachercouldexcitethestudents.Or:Agoodteachershouldbehumorous.Thisisimportantbecauseahumorousteachermakeslearningeasyandfun. 3.(2019·江苏高考·任务型阅读)话题:科普知识　　词数:427　　难度:★★★★☆TheCostofThinkingDespitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm3.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm3.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.It’snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassive英语第21页（共21页） skull(倾骨).It’sevenhardertoprovideenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweight,butitconsumes25%ofthebody’senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspaidfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchoffood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It’shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can’twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it’seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandswithbackachesandpainfulnecks.Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.英语第21页（共21页） TheCostofThinkingIntroduction·Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo　71　ofhumanbeings. The　72　oflargehumanbrains ·Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.·Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.·Theanimalbrainrequiresless　73　whenthebodyisatrest. ·Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.The　74　ofwalkingupright ·Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor　75　againstenemies. ·Freedhandscanservesome　76　purposesandperformcomplextasks. ·Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and　77　thesizeofbrains. ·Walkinguprightresultsin　78　sufferings. Conclusion·Withalargebrain,humanbeings　79　otherbeingsintermsofintelligence. ·Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained　80ofmeat-eatinganimals. 【文章大意】英语第21页（共21页） 本文为说明文。主要讲述人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点:超大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商,但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人,解放了双手来做更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物,享受无与伦比的优势,却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。71.【解析】characteristics。根据第一段“allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.”可知,大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。72.【解析】disadvantages。该题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。73.【解析】energy。根据第三段中的“ahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy”以及“it(thebrain)consumes25%ofthebody’senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparisonthebrainsofapesrequireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy”可知,人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。当身体处于休息时,大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下,类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比,动物需要的能量(energy)要比人类少。故填energy。74.【解析】impact(s)。分析空后的75至78小题所在的第四段和第五段的内容可知,此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。75.【解析】guard。根据第四段的第一句“Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it’seasiertofindfoodorenemies.”可知,另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来,更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人,就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词,在此句中连结两个动词短语,故空格填动词。“guard英语第21页（共21页） against...”为固定搭配,意为“防御……”,故本空填写guard。76.【解析】other。根据第四段中的”...theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.”可知,解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事,即有其它的目的。故填other。77.【解析】limits。根据第五段“walkinguprighthasitsdisadvantages.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.”可知,直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百万年,骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战,限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。78.【解析】physical。根据第五段“...,Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandswithbackachesandpainfulnecks.”可知,直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战,人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价,换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出,直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦。79.【解析】beat。根据最后一段“Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.”可知,我们假设大脑越大,优势越大。很明显,这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大,在智力方面人类比动物更聪明,即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。80.【解析】fearful/afraid。根据最后一段“...humansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesfor英语第21页（共21页） afull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreatures.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat—eatinganimals.”可知,尽管人类享受着所有这些优势,但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器,但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词,故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)。英语第21页（共21页） 英语第21页（共21页）