Ⅰ.阅读理解AYouwon’thavetolookfartofindsomenaturalpeculiarity(特性)forwhichsciencesometimesoffersatheory.However，manyplacesarecompletelyunimaginable.Someplacesattractpeoplemorethanothers.Theincapabilitytounderstandtherealstorybehindsomeofthesephenomenadrawsmanypeople.Theyarejustsomysteriousthatthereisnoexplainingofthem.·BloodFalls，AntarcticaHowisitthatthecoldestanddriestplaceontheplanethasabloodredwaterfallpouringdownslowlyintotheMcMurdoDryValleys，someofthemostextremedesertlandsonEarth？Whatcausesthemysteriousflowwasonlyrecently“discovered”inastudy.Scientistsbelievedformanyyearsredalgae(红藻)gavetheunusualcolor.Butnowresearchhasshownthatironoxide(氧化物)isresponsibleforthehue.Thewaterfallevencontainsstrangebacteriallifeforms.·MagneticHill，Moncton，NewBrunswickBeverycarefulifyouchoosetodrivetothebottomofthishill.Storiesaboutwhathappenstherehavebeenaroundsinceearly1900s.Asimpossibleasitsounds，yourcarwillstartto“roll”uphill.“Anditdoesn’tjustworkoncars—vans，trucksandeventourbusesrollupwardintotaldefiance(蔑视)ofnaturallaw，”accordingtoTourismNewBrunswick.·RacetrackPlaya，DeathValley，CaliforniaLocatedinaremotevalleybetweentheCottonwoodandLastChanceRanges，RacetrackPlayaisreallyaplaceofbeautyandmystery.TheRacetrackisadrylakebed，bestknownforitsstrangemovingrocks.Itlookslikethey“sailed”throughthevalley.Althoughnoonehasactuallyseentherocksmove，thelongmovingtracksleftbehindinthemudsurfaceofthePlayaprovetheiractivity.Themostlogicalexplanationsofaristhaticeformscoverthestones，causingthemtomove.1．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“hue”inthethirdparagraph?A．Duty.B．Color.C．Thing.D．People.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段的第三、四句“Scientistsbelievedformanyyearsredalgae(
红藻)gavetheunusualcolor.Butnowresearchhasshownthatironoxide(氧化物)isresponsibleforthehue.”可以推出，hue的意思应该与color相同。故选B项。2．WhatwillhappenifyoudriveyourcaratthebottomofMagneticHill，Moncton，NewBrunswick?A．Thecarwillruninanunusualway.B．Thecarwillrundownthehill.C．Thecarwillrunbackward.D．Thecarwon’tworkatall.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“Asimpossibleasitsounds，yourcarwillstartto‘roll’uphill.”可知，当车在磁力山的底部的时候，它就会“滚动”着上山，这种情况是不同寻常的，故选A项。3．What’sthedistinctivecharacteristicofRacetrackPlaya，DeathValley，California?A．Therocksinitsvalleycanturnred.B．Therocksinitsvalleycanrolluphill.C．Therocksinitsvalleycanchangetheirplaces.D．Therocksinitsvalleycansingbeautifulsongs.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二、三句“TheRacetrackisadrylakebed，bestknownforitsstrangemovingrocks.Itlookslikethey‘sailed’throughthevalley.”可知，赛马场盐湖的石头会自己移动。故选C项。B(2020·湖南衡阳联考)It’s4amonMondaywhenmycolleague，YiBingkun，andIfinishedthenightshift.It’sthe50thhoursinceourmedicalteamarrivedinWuhantohelpfightagainstthenovelcoronavirus(新型冠状病毒)．Thesituationhereisfarmoregrievousthanwhatweimagined，withmoresuspectedcasesandanacuteshortageofmedicalstaff.Weareheretobringthemhope，butitseemsthatweassumemoreresponsibilities.Thewardwasalmostoverloadedduringourfirstnightshiftandwecontinuedtoreceivemorepatients.MycolleagueandIplungedintoworkwithoutdelayafterwearingprotectivesuits.However，anemergencyoccurredwhenapatientwentintosuddencardiacarrestwhenwehadjustchangedshifts.YiBingkunrushedtogivechestcompressionstothepatienttomakehisheartbeatagainandIcalledadoctorforhelp.Thoughallrescuemeasuresfailed，thepatient’sfamily，however，senttheirgratitudetous.Theireverysingle“Thankyou”mademefeelwarmandthattheeffortswehadmadewere
worthwhile.ButKunbroughtmemorewarmth.Ionceaskedhimwhetherhefeltafraidaboutthepossibilityofbecominginfectedwhensavingthepatient.Hetoldme，“Yes，IwasreallyscaredatthetimebecauseIdohavemyfamilyandmykid.ButIwasmoreafraidthatthelifemightdisappearinfrontofme.”Ireallyadmirehiscourage.Ournightshiftshouldhavebeenfinishedatmidnight，butitendedat3amthatnight.Wefoundourclotheswerewetafterwetookoffprotectivesuits.Whatwasimpressivewasthatmycolleaguesmessagedus，askingwhyKunandIdidn’tcomebackwiththeclockpointingto1am,2amoreven3am.Theyurgedustoletthemknowwewereokayassoonaswecameback.Theweatherisreallycoldbutwefeelwarmfromthebottomsofourhearts.Comeon，allmycolleagues!Comeon，Wuhan!Comeon，China!语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了包括作者在内的医疗队赶往武汉抗击疫情，虽然面临被感染和失去生命的危险，但他们仍坚持前行，令人感动。4．WhendidthemedicalteamarriveinWuhan?A．OnSaturday.B．OnSunday.C．OnMonday.D．OnTuesday.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，周一凌晨4点，作者和同事易炳坤上完了夜班。这是医疗队抵达武汉抗击新型冠状病毒的第50个小时。由此可知，医疗队抵达武汉的时间是50小时之前，也就是两天前的凌晨2点，即周六凌晨2点。故选A。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“grievous”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Puzzling.B．Positive.C．Satisfactory.D．Severe.答案 D解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后半句“withmoresuspectedcasesandanacuteshortageofmedicalstaff”可知，疑似病例多而且极其缺少医护人员。由此推知，武汉的疫情比我们想象中要严峻得多，因此画线词意为“严峻的”。故选D。6．Whatcanweinferaboutthepatient?A．Hesoonrecoveredfromtheillness.B．Hefinallydiedofseriousillness.C．Hewasrushedtoanotherhospital.D．Hewasinfectedbyawildanimal.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Thoughallrescuemeasuresfailed，thepatient’s
family，however，senttheirgratitudetous.”可知，虽然所有的救援措施都失败了，但是病人的家人还是向作者他们表达了他们的感激之情。由此推知，病人最终死于重病。故选B。7．Intheeyesofthewriter，YiBingkunis.A．adventurousB．luckyC．braveD．careless答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第四至七句可知，作者曾经问过他，在抢救病人的时候，他是否害怕被感染。他告诉作者：“是的，我当时真的很害怕，因为我有我的家人和孩子。但我更害怕的是，生命可能会消失在我面前。”因此作者很佩服他的勇气。由此可知，在作者眼中，易炳坤是勇敢的。故选C。CJustafewgenerationsago，speakingtwolanguageswassupposedtobebadforpeople.TestsinAmericafoundthatbilingual(双语的)peoplehadlowerIQs.Lateritbecameclearthatthosesurveyswereactuallymeasuringthematerialpovertyofimmigrants；membersofsuchfamiliesweremorelikelytobeundernourished(营养不良的)andlessmotivated，nottomentiontheobviousfactthattheyoftentookthetestsinalanguagethatwasnottheirbest.Howthingshavechanged！Inthepastdecadeithasbecomealmostcommonknowledgethatbilingualismisgoodforpeople.Manyresearchpapershavesuggestedthattwotonguedpeopleenjoyavarietyofadvantages.Mostnotably，theyhaveshownthatbilingualsgetdementia(痴呆)onaveragefouryearslaterthanthosespeakingonelanguage，andthattheyhaveabasketofabilitiesthataidpeopledoingcomplextasks，includingfocusingattention，andupdatingworkingmemory.Whybilingualismwouldimprovetheseabilitiesisunclear.Researchersassumethathavingtwolanguagesmeansputtingasideonewhenspeakingtheother，akindofconstantmentalexercisethatmakesthebrainhealthier.Thisinparticularisthoughttobethereasonforalaterstartofdementia.Butsomeresearcherssaytheycouldfindnostatisticallysignificantadvantageinanyagegroup.Itseemsthatifthebonusisreal，itisnotverynoticeableandaffectedbymanyotherfactors.Thebottomlineisthatlearninganotherlanguagesometimescontributestoanintellectualboost，thoughnotalways.Butthathasneverbeenthemainreasontodoit.Asecondlanguageexpandsthenumberofpeopleyoucantalkto.Bilingualismmayhelpyouunderstandotherpeople；onestudyfoundthatbilingualchildrenarebetteratgraspingotheropinions，perhapsbecausetheyarealwayskeepingtrackofwhospeakswhat，aregularreminderthateveryoneisdifferent.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了讲两种语言的人的优势：他们的注意力会更加集中，患痴呆症的时间会更晚等。
8．WhydidbilingualpeopleshowlowerIQsintests?A．Theydidn’treceiveanyeducation.B．Theydidn’ttrytheirbestinthetests.C．Theywerelessprivilegedimmigrants.D．Theyspentlittletimeonasecondlanguage.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可推知，那些讲两种语言的人在测试中显示出更低的智商是因为他们都是享有更少特权的移民。故选C。9．Whatmaycontributetoalaterstartofdementiaofbilingualpeople?A．Updatedworkingmemory.B．Constantoutdoorexercise.C．Longexposuretocomplextasks.D．Frequentswitchesbetweenlanguages.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，经常转换着使用两种语言使得那些讲两种语言的人患痴呆症的时间较晚。故选D。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bonus”refertoinParagraph4?A．Highconcentration.B．Bilingualadvantage.C．Uniquebrainpower.D．Languagefluency.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根据第三、四段内容及画线词所在句的前一句可知，研究人员假设了讲两种语言带来的优势，但是这种优势还没有办法被证明。由此可推知，bonus指的是“讲双语的优势”。故选B。11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetolearninganotherlanguage?A．Favorable.B．Ambiguous.C．Disapproving.D．Doubtful.答案 A解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者赞成学习另外一种语言。故选A。DNeverplaygameswithabot(机器人)—itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI，anartificialintelligencelabinSanFranciscocofoundedbyElonMusk，hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghideandseek.Thebots
alsolearnedhowtousebasictoolsandthatdisobeyingthelawsofphysicscanhelptowin.InApril,2019，ateamofbotsknownastheOpenAIFivebeatthehumanworldchampionsattheteambasedvideogameDota2.Thehideandseekbotsusesimilarprinciplestolearnbutthesimplergameallowsformoreinventiveplay.BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteambaseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtogenerateskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated(模拟的)environmentfilledwithfixedwallsandmovableboxesandleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhideandseekmillionsoftimes.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn’tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.Atfirst，thehiderssimplyranaway.However，theysoonworkedoutthattheycouldfindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselvesfromview.Forexample，theylearnedthatboxescouldbeusedtoblockdoorwaysandbuildsimplehidingplaces.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmovearamp(斜坡)aroundanduseittoclimboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateamplayerwasthequickestwaytowin.Thehidersalsolearnedtosabotagetheotherteam，suchashidingtherampbeforehidingthemselvessothattheotherteamcan’tmakeuseoftheramp.“Onceoneteamlearnsanewstrategy，itcreatesthispressurefortheotherteamtoadapt，”saysBaker.“SuchtricksshowthatAIsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss，”saysBaker.“Maybethey’llevenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon’tyetknowhowto.”However，there’sstillalongwaytogofromonlinehideandseektorealproblemsolving.语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境是“人与社会”。由埃隆·马斯克联合创办的旧金山人工智能实验室OpenAI的一个团队开发的人工智能机器人通过玩捉迷藏学会了合作，还学会了如何使用基本的工具。12．WhatisOpenAI?A．It’savideogame.B．It’sanAIsystem.C．It’sateamofbots.D．It’sasciencelab.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AteamfromOpenAI，anartificialintelligencelabinSanFranciscocofoundedbyElonMusk”可知，OpenAI是一个科学实验室。故选D项。13．WhatdidtheAIbotsdoathideandseek?A．Theyworkedtogethertowin.B．Theycreatedobjectsastheirtools.
C．Theylearnedtheconceptofphysics.D．Theycommunicatedwitheachotherdirectly.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“AteamfromOpenAI...hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghideandseek.”和第四段中的“Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateamplayerwasthequickestwaytowin.”可知，这些机器人发现获胜的最快方法是通过协同作战来赢得比赛。故选A项。14．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“sabotage”inParagraph5?A．Defend.B．Discourage.C．Takecontrolof.D．Keepupwith.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的例子“suchashidingtherampbeforehidingthemselvessothattheotherteamcan’tmakeuseoftheramp”可知，隐藏者在隐藏自己之前把斜坡藏起来以便对手不能利用斜坡，这样做的目的是阻碍对手。所以discourage“阻止”与sabotage词义相近。故选B项。15．Whatmaytheauthortellinthefollowingparagraph?A．AdvantagesofAIbotsoverhumans.B．Lessonsfromonlinehideandseek.C．PossibilitiesofAIinrealproblemsolving.D．LimitationsofsuchAItechnology’sapplications.答案 D解析 推理判断题。最后一段提到，这些机器人也许可以解决人类能力之外的问题，但是，从网络虚拟的捉迷藏游戏到把人工智能运用到实际的问题解决中，中间还有很长一段路要走。根据最后一句中的However和其后的内容暗示可知，接下来作者很可能会谈论AI技术运用到现实中存在的困难或者该技术的局限性。故选D项。Ⅱ.七选五Offeredpraiseneedstobegenuineoritwillnothaveitsdesiredeffectofrewarding.1Parentscanavoidofferingemptypraisebyattendingtoandpraisingchildren’sspecificskills，positiveattitudes，anddesirablephysicalattributes(特性)thatparentswishtoreward.Itisimportantthatparentspraisechildrenmorefortheireffortthanfortheirsuccess.However，workingparentsliveinacompetitiveworldwheretheyaremostlyrewardedonlyfortheirsuccess.2Thereareseveralreasonswhythisisabadidea.Bychoosingandpraisingonlysuccessfuloutcomes，parentscommunicatetotheirchildrenthattheirpraiseisconditional，andthatchildrenwillonlyreceiveloveifthey“win”．Asaresult，childrenwillfeellesssecureinparental
love.That’stosay，childrenwillpossiblyexperienceanxietyandotheremotionalproblems.34Hereisanexample：Jamie’smothernotesthatJamiegotaC(anaveragegrade)onhermathtestthisweek.Insteadofcriticizingherdaughterfornotgettinghighermarks，shesaysinstead，“Jamie，I’msoimpressedwithhowhardyoustudiedforthattestthisweek.Isawyoureadingeverynightthisweek.”EventhoughJamiemaynothavegottenan“A”ora“B”onthetest，hereffortstowardsstudyingareavitalfoundationforherfuturesuccessatmath.Throughhercomment，MomreinforcedinJamie’smindthatherparentsareawareofandapproveofhereffort.5Effectivelyused，praiseshouldhighlightpositivethingschildrendoorthewaychildrenusethequalitiesorattributestheypossess.Mostimportantly，praiseshouldfocusonchildren’seffortandperseverance.Practicemakesperfect.A．Howdoesanemptypraisedoharmtoparenting?B．Whatdoesofferingpraiseforeffortlookandsoundlike?C．Manykidswillknowwhenparents’praiseisempty.D．ThismakesitmorelikelythatJamiewillbewillingtostudyinthefuture.E．Theproblemsmayresultinlesseffort，andreducetheiroverallabilitytosucceed.F．Agoodbasicruleistomakesurethatparentsofferalotmorepraiseandencouragementthancorrection.G．Itisthuseasierforparentstonoticeandpraisethesuccessfuloutcomeofchildren’seffortratherthantheireffortitself.语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章提出了对孩子的表扬很重要，作为家长要更多地对孩子的努力提出表扬，而不要只关注结果。1．答案 C解析 上句讲到了表扬也是需要诚恳的，否则就达不到效果，下句提到了父母们如何避免emptypraise“空洞的表扬”。C选项“很多孩子都能察觉出父母空洞的表扬”与下文衔接。故选C项。2．答案 G解析 第二段的主题是让父母们表扬孩子们的努力过程而非成功的结果。空格前一句指出父母们所处的社会中就是奖励成功，下一句继续说明这种机制不好的原因。G选项“因此父母们更容易注意和表扬孩子们努力带来的成功结果而非努力本身”承接上文。故选G项。3．答案 E解析 第二段的后半部分都是在讲“只注重结果”导致的问题，E选项“这种问题可能会导致付出更少的努力，同时减弱取得成功的综合能力”承接上文，符合文意。
4．答案 B解析 第三段给出了Jamie和她母亲的案例，尽管成绩不理想，母亲依然肯定了Jamie付出的努力，这就是展现“表扬努力”的一个具体例子。B选项“为努力而表扬究竟是怎样的呢”贴合段落主题，适合作为主题句。5．答案 D解析 第四段继续上一段Jamie的例子，说明“表扬努力”带来的好处，空格处上一句“通过妈妈的评价，Jamie在心理上得到了支持，也意识到了父母是认可她的努力的”，D选项“这使得Jamie在将来更愿意去学习”承接上文，符合主题。Ⅰ.高频词汇积累1．theoryn．理论2．planetn．行星；地球3．mysteriousadj.神秘的，诡秘的；难以解释的4．colleaguen．同事5．shiftv．转移；变换n．转移；轮班6．urgev．敦促，催促，强烈要求n．冲动；强烈的欲望7．cooperatev．协作；配合8．principlen．道德原则；法则；定律9．blockn．一块；立方体；大楼；街区v．堵塞，挡住10．strategyn．策略；部署；战略学Ⅱ.长难句分析1．Whatwasimpressivewasthatmycolleaguesmessagedus，askingwhyKunandIdidn’tcomebackwiththeclockpointingto1am,2amoreven3am.[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句；asking...作伴随状语；asking后为why引导的宾语从句，此从句中又有with复合结构作伴随状语。[自主翻译] 令人印象深刻的是，我的同事们给我们发信息，问为什么坤和我没有回来，那时是凌晨1点，凌晨2点，甚至凌晨3点。[仿写运用] 最让我吃惊的是那个瘦小的女孩赢得了三枚金牌。Whatstruckmemostwasthatthethingirlwonthreegoldmedals.2．Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulatedenvironmentfilledwithfixedwallsandmovableboxesandleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhideandseekmillionsoftimes.[句式分析] 本句为一个简单句。第二个and连接两个并列谓语set和left，filledwith...
为分词短语作后置定语修饰environment。[自主翻译] 研究人员把他们的机器人放在一个充满固定墙壁和可移动盒子的模拟环境中，让它们玩数百万次捉迷藏的团队游戏。[仿写运用] 家长努力营造一个充满舒适和温暖的氛围，使孩子们集中精力学习。Parentstrytocreateanatmospherefilledwithcomfortandwarmthandmaketheirchildrenconcentrateontheirstudy.
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