Ⅰ.阅读理解AIt’stheperfecttimeofyeartocurlupwithagreatnewbook—sobesuretoaddtheseclimatemustreadstoyourlist.THEUNINHABITABLEEARTH：LIFEAFTERWARMINGByDavidWallaceWellsTheauthorspeaksoutonthechallengesfacingourplanet.Buthe’salsoanoptimist，onewellawarethattherightactiontodaycanavoiddisastertomorrow.ANINCONVENIENTSEQUEL：TRUTHTOPOWERByAlGoreAlotofpeoplehaveheardhismessageabouttheclimatecrisis.Butjustasimportantisthemessagethatpeoplearoundtheworldcandosomethingaboutit.Thebookisacomprehensivehowtoguidefullofconcrete，actionablewaysyoucanjointhemovementforsolutionsandhelpturnthetide.THESIXTHEXTINCTION：ANUNNATURALHISTORYByElizabethKolbertTeenageclimateactivistGretaThunbergcalledoutworldleadersfortheirinaction，saying，“Peoplearesuffering.Peoplearedying.Entireecosystemsarecollapsing.Weareinthebeginningofamassextinction.”ElizabethKolbertmightsay，“Exactly.”Asshedetails，theEarthhasseenfivelandmarkeventsinthedistantpastthatwipedoutmostplantandanimallife.Buttoday，we’rewitnessinganewphenomenonknowntoscientistsasthe“sixthextinction”．Unlikethepreviousfive，thisoneisnotanaturalevent.It’shumanmade.Andit’shappeningrightnow.THEOVERSTORYByRichardPowersWhilethebookslistedaboveareallworksofnonfiction，climateisshowingupmoreandmoreasamajorthemeincontemporaryfiction.Asaworkofimaginationwanderingacrosscenturiesandcontinents，ittellsthestoryofninemaincharacters，allexistingatdifferentperiodsoftime，whicharenotmenorwomenatall，buttrees.1．Whichauthorofferedmeasurestodealwithclimatechange?
A．ElizabethKolbert.B．AlGore.C．DavidWallaceWells.D．RichardPowers.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据ANINCONVENIENTSEQUEL：TRUTHTOPOWER部分中的“Thebookisacomprehensivehowtoguidefullofconcrete，actionablewaysyoucanjointhemovementforsolutionsandhelpturnthetide.”可知，作者AlGore在这本书中引导人们采取措施来改变气候危机。故选B项。2．AccordingtoElizabethKolbert，whyisthe“sixthextinction”differentfrompreviousones?A．Itislargelyduetohumanactivities.B．Itwipesoutalltheplantandanimallife.C．Itismainlycausedbythenaturalfactors.D．Itistheresultoftheworldleaders’inaction.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据THESIXTHEXTINCTION：ANUNNATURALHISTORY部分中“Unlikethepreviousfive，thisoneisnotanaturalevent.It’shumanmade.”可知，第六次灭亡与前面五次不同之处在于这次主要是由于人类活动造成的。故选A项。3．WhatisspecialaboutTheOverstory?A．Itdiscussesnaturalhistory.B．Itcentersonclimatecrisis.C．Itfeaturesfictionalcharacters.D．Itisacollectionofnonfiction.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据THEOVERSTORY部分中“ittellsthestoryofninemaincharacters，allexistingatdifferentperiodsoftime，whicharenotmenorwomenatall，buttrees”可知，TheOverstory这本书是以虚构的人物为特色。故选C项。BPearlFryarknewhewantedtodosomethinguniquewiththefarmlandheboughtinSouthCarolina.Hewantedtowinthelocalgardenclub’s“YardoftheMonth”award.Fryardidn’thavethemoneytopurchasenewtrees，sohebeganbyusingbushesandshrubsthatalocalnurseryhadthrownaway—plantsthatlookeddeadtomostpeople.Becauseheworkeddaysatacanfactory，Fryaroftentendedhisgardenatnight.Neighborsgotusedtoseeinghimstandontheladder，cuttinguphissteadilygrowingbushes.Theshrubsbegantotakeondifferentshapes.Astheyearswentby，thecreationsbecamemoredelicate.Fryarbeganplantingtreesandusingzipties，coathangers，PVCpipe，andevenhiswife’soldstockingsto
achievetheformshewanted.“Hehasawayofhandlingplantstodothingshewantsthemtobytraining，bending，wiring，andclipping，”saidaneighbor.ManyprofessionalgardenersareamazedbywhatFryarhasbeenabletoaccomplish.Someplantswhichwouldn’tsurviveintheSouththrivedunderhiscare.Fryar’sattentiontodetailandhiswillingnesstoworkhardhavemadehimalocalhero.HewasthefirstAfricanAmericantowin“YardoftheMonth”fromthelocalgardenclub.Fryar’sgardennowincludesabout400speciesofplantsand150differentplantsculptures.Aboxfordonationscanbefoundontheproperty，butgivingisoptional.Fryarwelcomespeoplewhocan’taffordtopay.Heunderstands.He’sbeenthere.“Youcanbesomebody，”hetellsstudentswhovisitthegarden.“Showmeanyonewhoworksatanythingwithapassionandhaspatience，andthey’regoingtobesuccessful.Bestrongenoughnottoletthebarriersinlifestopyou.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了弗莱尔通过自己的创新和激情把花园变成艺术的故事。4．HowdidFryarmakehisgardenunique?A．Hemadetheplantsintodifferentshapes.B．Heboughtnewtreesfromalocalnursery.C．Heusedhisprofessionalknowledge.D．Heaskedhisneighborstocutuphisbushes.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theshrubsbegantotakeondifferentshapes.Astheyearswentby，thecreationsbecamemoredelicate.”可知，他为了使他的花园与众不同而把这些植物做成了不同的形状。故选A项。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inParagraph4mean?A．Diedaway.B．Becameweak.C．Fadedslowly.D．Grewstrong.答案 D解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“ManyprofessionalgardenersareamazedbywhatFryarhasbeenabletoaccomplish.”可知，许多专业园艺师对弗莱尔的成就感到惊讶；再根据画线词所在句中的“wouldn’tsurviveintheSouth”可知，画线词的意思应与survive相近，结合四个选项可知，画线词应意为“茁壮成长”。故选D项。6．WhatmadeFryarwintheaward?A．Passionandinnovation.
B．Patienceandgenerosity.C．Ambitionandsympathy.D．Willingnessandhonesty.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句和最后一段的“Showmeanyonewhoworksatanythingwithapassionandhaspatience，andthey’regoingtobesuccessful.”可知，正是激情与创新让弗莱尔获奖的。故选A项。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MakingaManintoaHeroB．TheHardLifeofPearlFryarC．TransformingaGardenintoArtD．TheFirstManof“YardoftheMonth”答案 C解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了弗莱尔通过自己的创新和激情把花园变成艺术的故事。故选C项。CWheretheStreetsSmelllikeCheese：MilwaukeeTriesDairyWasteasDeicerInresponsetothewinterstormstrikingthearealastweekend，streetcrewsofMilwaukee，acityinWisconsin，willbespreadingcheesebrine(卤水)alongitsicecoveredstreetsthiswinterasanalternativeofnormallyusedrocksalt，whichservesasanessentialroaddeicerdespiteitsdamagingimpactontheenvironment.ThetrialwasinspiredbyasuccessfulexperimentinruralPolkCounty.Inadditiontobeingamoreeffectivedeicerduetoalowerfreezingpoint，thecheesyliquidpreventsrocksaltfrombouncingandscatteringoffroadways，whichmeanslesshastobeusedandlessofitendsupenteringthesurroundingenvironment.Milwaukeecanmakegooduseofthedifficulttodisposetypeoforganicwastefoundingreatabundanceacrossthestate：saltyleftovercheesemakingjuice.Sometimesyoujusthavetogetcreativeandworkwiththetypeofwastebyproductandturnitintosomethingbeneficial.Whenthefirstcheesebrinesalttrucksofthecityappearedinthestreetlastweek，TomBarrett，MayorofMilwaukee，comparedtheactto“thinkingoutsideofthecheesebox”．Tobeclear，Milwaukeewon’tcompletelyreplacerocksaltwiththousandsofgallonsofsaltycheesejuice.Theproject，whichwillfirstbetestedinBayViewneighborhood，willinvolveamixtureofrocksaltandcheesebrine.ThebrinewillbesourcedfromaproductionplantownedbyF&ADairyinPolkCounty.MilwaukeewillsaveinrocksaltcostswhileF&ADairy，whichtransforms900,000poundsofmilkintocheeseeveryday，willsavecashinthebrinedisposal.
Whileitisnotedthatthecheesebrinesolutionhasa“distinctiveodor”．EmilNorby，thegentlemanwhooriginallythoughtofusingcheesebrinetotreaticecoveredroads，explainsthatMilwaukeeresidentscanexpecttoexperiencetheslightbadmilksmelloncethecheesebrineisappliedtostreets.Hesmiles，“Idon’treallymindit.OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin！”语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为应对上周末袭击该地区的冬季风暴，威斯康星州密尔沃基市的街道工作人员今年冬天将在沿冰雪覆盖的街道上撒上奶酪卤水来作为除冰剂，以替代通常使用的岩盐。这是因为奶酪卤水比岩盐更加有效和环保，文章主要说明了这一做法的实施过程以及人们对此的看法。8．Whydoesthecheesebrinebecomeanoptionasaroaddeicer?A．Itincreasestheconsumptionofcheese.B．Itdecreasesmilkbyproducts.C．ItisfromexperiencesofPolkCounty.D．It’smoreeffectiveandecofriendly.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，由于冰点较低，这种奶酪状液体不仅是一种更有效的除冰剂，而且还能防止岩盐在道路上反弹和散射，这意味着需要使用的盐更少，进入周围环境的盐也更少。由此可知，选择奶酪卤水作为道路除冰剂是因为它更有效、更环保。故选D。9．Whatcantheunderlinedidiominthe3rdparagraphbeusedtodescribe?A．Atestwithanexpectedresult.B．Atrialmadecreatively.C．Acompanybenefitingthelocals.D．Avolunteerwhoprotectstheenvironment.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，有时候，你只需要发挥创造力，处理那些浪费掉的副产品，并把它们变成有益的东西。由此可知，第三段中画线的习语“thinkingoutsideofthecheesebox”用来描述创造性的尝试。故选B。10．WhatdopeoplethinkoftheprojectofthecityandF&ADairy?A．Itwillmakeafortuneforthecity.B．Itwillchangethelifeoflocalpeople.C．Itwillattractmoreinvestment.D．Itwillbeawinwincooperation.答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，密尔沃基市将节省岩盐的成本，而每天将90万磅牛奶转化成奶酪的F&A乳品公司将在卤水处理方面节省资金。由此可推知，人们认为密尔沃基市和F&A乳品公司的项目会是一个双赢的合作。故选D。11．HowdothelocalsrespondtothesmellofcheesebrineaccordingtoNorby?A．Itwillleadtobadappetite.B．Itmaymakethemsick.C．Itisstillacceptable.D．Itcannotbenoticed.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Hesmiles，‘Idon’treallymindit.OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin！’”可知，他笑着说：“我真的不介意。我们的道路闻起来像威斯康星州！”由此可推知，当地人认为奶酪卤水的味道还可以接受。故选C。DThislittleSouthAmericanMagellanicpenguinswims5,000miles，toabeachinBrazil，everyyearinordertobereunitedwiththemanwhosaveditslife.Itsoundslikesomethingoutofafairytale，butit’strue!71yearoldretiredbrickworkerJoao，wholivesinanislandvillagejustoutsideRiodeJaneiro，Brazil，foundthesmallMagellanicpenguinlyingonrocksathislocalbeachin2011.Thepenguinwascoveredinoilandrunningoutoftimefast.Joaorescuedthepenguin，namingitDin，cleanedtheoiloffitsfeathersandfeditadailydietoffishtorebuilditsstrength.Afteraweekofrecovery，Joaoattemptedtoreleasethepenguinbackintothewild.However，Dinhadalreadyformedafamilybondwithitsrescuerandwouldn’tleave.“Hestayedwithmefor11monthsandthen，justafterhechangedhiscoatwithnewfeathers，hedisappeared，”Joaorecalls.“IlovethepenguinlikeheismyownchildandIbelievethepenguinlovesme，”JoaotoldGloboTV.“Nooneelseisallowedtotouchhim.Hepecks(啄)themiftheydo.Heliesonmylap，letsmegivehimshowers，andallowsmetofeedhim.”ProfessorKrajewski，abiologistwhointerviewedthefishermanforGloboTV，toldTheIndependent：“Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethisbefore.IthinkthepenguinbelievesJoaoispartofhisfamilyandprobablyapenguinaswell.”However，environmentalistswarnthat，whilehundredsoftheMagellanicspeciesareknowntonaturallymigrate(迁徙)thousandsofmilesnorthinsearchoffood，therehasbeenaworryingriseinthephenomenonofoceaniccreatureswashinguponBrazil’sbeaches.ProfessorDavidZeefromRiodeJaneiro’sStateUniversity，saystheincreaseisdueinparttoglobalclimaticchanges.ProfessorZeeaddsthatseaanimalsfaceincreaseddangerfromleakedtankeroil.
LuckilytheendingforJoaoandDinhasbeenahappyone，eventhoughitisillegalinBraziltokeepwildanimalsaspets.ProfessorKrajewskisaid，“Professionalswhoworkwithanimalstrytoavoidrelationshipslikethisoccurringsotheyareabletoreintroducetheanimalintothewild.ButinthissinglecasetheauthoritiesallowedDintostaywithJoaobecauseofhiskindness.”语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅Din每年都要游5000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人团聚。同时，专家也对气候和海洋漏油污染给海洋动物带来的危害表示担忧。12．EveryyearDinswimsalongdistancetoabeachinBrazilto.A．avoidbeingkilledB．meetitsrescuerC．escapefromoceancurrentsD．findmuchmorefish答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，每年Din都要长途游到巴西的海滩为了去见它的救命恩人。故选B项。13．WhenDinwasfoundin2011，.A．itwasdyingB．itwasrunningonthebeachC．itwasrestingonarockD．itwascleaningoiloffhisfeathers答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，2011年当Din被发现时，它已经奄奄一息了。故选A项。14．WhatcanwelearnaboutJoaofromthepassage?A．Heisnotallowedtokeepthepenguinasapetbytheauthorities.B．Heoverprotectsthepenguinbykeepingitawayfromothers.C．Hiscontactwiththepenguinisencouragedbyprofessionals.D．Hiskindnesswinsthepenguin’strust.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Joao的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。故选D项。15．Thestoryinthepassagemainlyshowsthat.A．theenvironmentalimpactonwildlife
B．thelovebetweenhumansandwildlifeC．thetendencyofwildlifetobondwithhumansD．theprotectionofthreatenedwildlifebymankind答案 B解析 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段首句以及最后一段中“ButinthissinglecasetheauthoritiesallowedDintostaywithJoaobecauseofhiskindness.”可知，本文主要是讲述了Joao和企鹅Din之间相处的故事，体现了人类和野生动物之间的爱。故选B项。Ⅱ.七选五Givingagiftthatwillstandthetestoftimeisalwaysachallenge，butgivingplantsisonewaytotry.Whatevertypeofplantyouchoose，it’ssuretolastlongerthancutflowers.1Themostimportantthingtoconsideriswhereitwilllive.Ifyourfriend’splaceisbrightandsunny，asucculent(多肉植物)makessense.2Succulentsnaturallygrowindesertlikeenvironments，whileorchids(兰花)growindampforests.3Itcanhelpyouunderstandwhatconditionsitprefers.So，whilepickingoutplantgifts，askthesalespersonformoreinformationtoensurewhatyouchooseisamatchforwhereitwillendup.Whateverplantyouchoose，makepeacewiththefactthatitmayormaynotsurvive.Afterall，ahouse’sinsideisprettydissimilartowherethatplantnaturallygrows.Sowecanallonlydoourbest.4Iftheirleavesdryup，they’renotgettingenoughwater.Ifthey’rereachingtheirleavestowardthelight，theymayneedmoreofit.Soofferthatadvicetoyourfriend，andthenletitgo.Ifyouhaveaplantinterestedfriendonyourgiftlist，whynotchooseaplantwhichiseasytokeepaliveinhisplaceandlookslovely？Youdon’tneedtowrapit，asasimplebowisenough.5It’sawaytoensureyourgiftgetsagoodstartinlife.A．Youcanalwaysputtheminsideapaperbag.B．Butyoucanconsidergivinganicepotandbagofsoil.C．Knowingthenaturalhistoryofaplantisequallyimportant.D．Evenrelativelyexperiencedgreenthumbssometimeslose.E．Thekeyistopayattentiontoplants—reallylookatthemeachday.F．Ifyouwanttochooseplantsasgifts，theideasbelowwillhelpyouonyourway.G．Ifyourfriendhasacoolhomewithnodirectsun，anorchidisprobablyabetterchoice.1．答案 F解析 结合空格处所处的情境及下文给出的送植物礼物的建议，可以看出此处承上启下。F项“如果你想选择植物作为礼物，下面的建议会对你有所帮助”引出下文。故选F项。
2．答案 G解析 前文讲到，如果你朋友家阳光明媚，那多肉植物是明智的。后文讲到兰花生长在潮湿的森林中。G项“如果你的朋友有一个没有阳光直射的凉爽的家，兰花可能是更好的选择”符合语境。3．答案 C解析 该空为本段的主旨句。由后文讲到在挑选植物礼物时，要向销售人员询问更多信息，以确保你选择的礼物与它最终的去处相匹配。由此可知，买植物作礼物之前了解关于该植物的信息是必要的。对比选项可知C项符合题意。4．答案 E解析 由空格后两句可知，植物是否需要浇水和吸收阳光，通过观察植物本身的特点就可以得出。E项“关键是要关注植物——真正地每天观察它们”符合语境。5．答案 B解析 根据空格前一句“你不需要把它包起来，一个简单的蝴蝶结就足够了”和空格后一句“这是确保你的礼物在生活中有一个好的开始的一种方式”可知，B项“但是你可以考虑给它们一个漂亮的盆和一袋土”符合语境。Ⅰ.高频词汇积累1．optimistn．乐观主义者；乐天派2．avoidv．避免；躲避3．disastern．灾难；不幸4．tendv．往往会；倾向于5．cutup切碎6．sculpturen．雕刻作品；雕刻艺术7．passionn．热情；强烈的感情8．transformv．使改变形态；使改观9．makesense是明智的，有道理；讲得通；合乎情理10．attemptv．努力；尝试；企图Ⅱ.长难句分析Whilepickingoutplantgifts，askthesalespersonformoreinformationtoensurewhatyouchooseisamatchforwhereitwillendup.[句式分析] while引导时间状语从句，ensure后为宾语从句，宾语从句中what引导的主语从句作主语，where引导的从句作介词for的宾语。[自主翻译]
在挑选植物礼物时，向销售人员询问更多信息，以确保你选择的礼物与它最终的去处相匹配。[仿写运用] 在选择参考书时，向你的老师征求建议，以确保你所选择的适合你的水平。Whilechoosingreferencebooks，askyourteachersforadvicetoensurewhatyouchooseissuitableforyourlevel.
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