1．名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)的基本用法2．名词性从句中连接词、连接代词和连接副词的使用3．名词性从句的语序和时态问题4．名词性从句和其他从句的混合使用基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itispossiblethatcaffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumanstoo.2．InMartin’sworld，wearenotsurewhetherthegoodwillwinintheendornot.3．AfterbeingdesignedasthefirstspecialeconomiczoneinChina，whatwasonceafishingvillagehasrapidlybecomeanemergingmoderncity.4．Sothenexttime，IseethatpersonIalsosaythenameonhisorherface，andthatiswhyIneverforgetaname.5．Whoeverdoessomethinggoodwillbepraisedbytheteacher.6．Hetakesitforgrantedthathisparentsshouldgivehimeverythinghewants.7．Theywantedtounderstandwhopaintedthepicturesandwhattheymightmean.8．Thathehadleftwithoutsayingonewordreallymadeallofusfeeldeeplyhurt.9．Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyis，especiallywhenyouareraisingchildren.10．Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeoutwhatitisthatheistryingtoexpress.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11.isobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.12．Themanwentintothecinemaandafterseemedtobetenminutes，hecameout.13．ThereasonwhyMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyearsissheworksouteveryday.14．Hefounddifficulttotakegoodcareofthekidswhenhiswifewasabsent.15．Theimpactandultimateresultdependsonyoudowiththedifficultiesthatyouhave.
16．Itisannouncedthattheawardwillbegiventohasmadethelargestdonationtothecharity.在语法填空中首先判断空格处是名词性从句还是其他从句。如果是名词性从句，再看是名词性从句的哪一种，最后再看空格处在句子中作什么成分。在短文改错中1．找准句子主干，判断该句是否是名词性从句，如果是名词性从句，那么就要分析这个空在句子中所作的成分，然后再看该用连接词、连接代词还是连接副词。2．要学会判断这个句子是定语从句还是名词性从句。一定要分清定语从句中的关系代词、关系副词和名词性从句中的连接词、连接代词及连接副词。能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解ANexttimeyourplanelands，listentothesoundofthetyreshittingtheground.Thereasonthetyresdon’texplodeisthattheyaremadeofnaturalrubber.Thetyresofcars，motorbikesandtrucksarealsooftenmadeofthesamestuff.Naturalrubbercomesfromtrees.Workerscutthetrunksofthetreesandcollectawhiteliquidcalledlatex.Inthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies，hugenumbersofrubbertreeswereplantedincountriesincludingMalaysia，BurmaandBrazil.Morethanacenturyago，scientistsdiscoveredhowtomakemanmaderubber，butnaturalrubberismuchstrongerandcanlastmuchlonger.Nearlyhalftherubberwhichisproducedeachyearisnaturalrubberandthereisalwaysaneedformore.Rubbertreesarenoteasytogrow.Theyareaffectedbychangesintemperature，toomuchornotenoughrain，highwindsanddisease.Sometreessurvivewhileothersdieandit’salldowntotheirgenes.TwoBritishorganizations，theTunAbdulRazakResearchCenter(TARRC)andTheGenomeAnalysisCenter(TGAC)，havebeenworkingtogethertolookatrubbertrees.Theyhavenowdiscoveredthe“genome(基因组)”oftherubbertree.ThisisthewaygenesfittogetherinverylongchainsofDNA.Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeoranimalneedstogrow.Thegenomecontainsalltheinformationtheplantoranimalneedstogrow.Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeissmallerthanahumangenomebutitisstillverylong，whichiswhyithasbeensodifficulttofind.AsEwanMollisonofTARRCsays，theworkhasbeenlikeputtingapicturepuzzletogetherwhereallthepiecesshowblueseaandbluesky.Nowscientistscanusetherubbertreegenometoproducestrongertrees.Byunderstandingthe
genome，theycanchangetheDNAinrubbertreesinusefulways.Theycanalsodoitmuchfasterthanbefore.Inthefuture，itwillbepossibletogrowtreeswhichsurviveclimatechangeanddisease.语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天然橡胶这种物质，它们会受到温度变化等影响。有些树能活下来，有些则会死去，这都取决于它们的基因。现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。1．WhatcharacteristicsofnaturalrubbercanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A．Inexpensive.B．Flexible.C．Conductive.D．Explosive.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句的内容可知，下次你的飞机着陆时，听听轮胎撞击地面的声音。轮胎不会爆炸的原因是它们是由天然橡胶制成的。由此可推知，天然橡胶具有灵活性。故选B。2．Whatmadenaturalrubbersodemandingeachyear?A．QuantitiesofrubbertreeswereplantedinSoutheastAsia.B．Rubbertreesarenoteasilyaffectedbytheclimatechange.C．Bynowscientistshaven’tdiscoveredhowtomakemanmaderubber.D．Naturalrubberismuchtougherandmorelastingthanmanmaderubber.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句的内容可知，一个多世纪前，科学家发现了制造人造橡胶的方法，但是天然橡胶更结实，使用寿命也更长。由此可知，天然橡胶比人造橡胶更坚韧更持久，这使得天然橡胶每年的需求量都如此巨大。故选D。3．WhatdoesEwanMollisonsuggestinParagraph3?A．Theworksoundsasinterestingasapicturepuzzle.B．Thegenomeofarubbertreeisasblueasseaandsky.C．Thegenomeofarubbertreeisnoteasytobeidentified.D．Completingapicturepuzzlewithseaandskyisdifficult.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句的内容可知，橡胶树等植物的基因组比人类的基因组要小，但仍然很长。就像TARRC的EwanMollison说的，这项工作就像把拼图拼在一起，所有的碎片都展示了蓝色的大海和蓝色的天空。由此可推知，EwanMollison的话表明橡胶树的基因组不容易被识别。故选C。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．TheOriginofNaturalRubberB．TheApplicationofNaturalRubberC．NaturalRubber：It’sAllintheGenesD．NaturalRubberVSManmadeRubber答案 C解析 标题归纳题。通读全文的内容可知，文章主要介绍了天然橡胶这种物质，它们会受到温度变化等的影响。有些树能活下来，有些则会死去，这都取决于它们的基因。现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。由此可知，选项C“天然橡胶：全靠基因”最符合文章标题。故选C。B(2021·湖南五市十校联考)PioneeringresearchfromtheUniversityofPortsmouththataimstofindasolutiontotheglobalplasticpollutioncrisisistosharein￡15.9millionofinvestmentfromtheSolentLocalEnterprisePartnership(LEP)．TheSolentLEPwillusetheGovernment’s“GettingBuildingFund”allocationtofinancetheexpansionoftheUniversity’sCentreforEnzymeInnovation(CEI)，whichtakesenzymes(酶)fromthenaturalenvironmentandadaptstheminthelaboratorytorecycleandreusesomeofourmostpollutingplastics.TheCEIwillreceive￡1milloninvestmentfromtheSolentLEP.TheCEIisoneofseveralprojectsthathavebeenfundedbytheSolentLEP，whichplaysaleadingroleindeterminingeconomicprioritiesintheregion.Theprojectswillbenefittheregion’seconomicrecoveryinthepresentenvironment.TheCEIExpansion—IndustrialEngagementHubprojectwillalmostdoublethecurrentsizeoftheCEIandcreatethreenewspecialistlaboratories，tobridgethegapbetweenthecurrentresearchcapabilitiesandwhatthistechnologyneedstodevelopintoinordertobeadoptedbyindustry.Inaddition，theIndustrialEngagementHubwillbeaspaceforinteractionbetweenresearchersandindustrycollaboratorsandbecomeatestbedforgrowinglocalandnationalpartnerships.ProfessorGrahamGalbraith，ViceChancelloroftheUniversityofPortsmouth，said，“TheCEIisauniqueenvironmentforindustryandacademiatoworktogethertoshape，refine，developandtestthenewtechnologiesemergingfromthisgroundbreakingresearch.”“ThefundingfromtheSolentLEPtosupportthedevelopmentoftheCEIwilldeliversignificanteconomicandsocietalbenefitsandclearlydeliversourambitionsforresearchwithimpactandsustainability(持续性)assetoutinourvisionfor2030.”语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一家企业给大学研究中心投资，该中心帮助回收再利用污染塑料。
5．What’sCEI’sexperiment?A．Collectingenzymes.B．Makingbuildingmaterial.C．Removingwasteland.D．Recyclingmaterials.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“whichtakesenzymes(酶)fromthenaturalenvironment”以及adapts可知，CEI的实验是从自然环境中提取酶。6．What’sCEI’saimoftheproject?A．Togetinvestmentforthenationalprogram.B．TohelptheSolentLEPmanageitsproduction.C．Todetermineeconomicprioritiesintheregion.D．Togetachemicalforthereductionofplasticpollution.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theexpansionoftheUniversity’sCentreforEnzymeInnovation(CEI)，whichtakesenzymes(酶)fromthenaturalenvironment...andreusesomeofourmostpollutingplastics.”可知，这个项目是从自然环境中提取酶，用于污染塑料的回收。7．WhatcanweknowfromProfessorGrahamGalbraith’swords?A．Itishardtoreducepollutingplastics.B．TheLEPfundinghasshorttermbenefits.C．TheCEIhasconnectedresearchandindustry.D．Scientificresearchmustneedindustries’support.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，CEI是一个独特的环境，为工业和学术界一起工作，以塑造、完善、发展和测试从这个开创性的研究中出现的新技术。由此可知，TheCEI为学术与企业建起了桥梁。8．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．UniversityReceivesFundingforPlasticsRecyclingB．What’stheBestWaytoGetRidofPollutingPlasticsC．LocalandNationalPartnershipsStrengthentheResearchD．Industries’SupportIstheKeytoReducingPollutingPlastics答案 A解析
标题归纳题。文章主要报道了一家企业给大学研究中心投资，该中心帮助回收再利用污染塑料。故选项A最适合作本文的标题。Ⅳ.完形填空Whenmykidswereyoung，IwouldsometimeswonderwhatIhaddonewrongwhenchildafterchildwasbornintoourfamilywithfartoohighadose(剂量)of“strongwill”．Iwould1observeotherfamilieswhosechildrenseemedsounderstandingandsoeasytoplease.Mykids，2，were“spirited”．Theyhardlyeverobeyedme，constantlytestingmy3.Itwastheirwayorthehighwayor4alotofscreamingandothersuchnonsenseiftheirwaywasnotacknowledged.Ibegantowonderif5wasagenetictrait(遗传特性)．OneSunday，IwasoutinthehallwayatchurchwithAndrew，whowasabout3yearsoldatthetime，butwhowasso6activeandexcitedaboutsmallthings.Whilehewas7，asweetelderlywomancameuptomeandsaid，“Yourkidsareso8.”Iglanceddownatmyscreamingbaby，and9ifshewastalkingtotherightperson.“Theyarebraveanddetermined，”shewenton，“whichmeansthattheywill10greatthings.”ItoldherthatIhopedshewasright，andshe11repeated，withalovingsmile，thatshewas.Quite12，Iwasalittleshockedathertiming.Shehadseenmecometochurchweekafterweek，andwatchedme13withmynoisytroublemakers.SheknewthatIspentmoretimewalkingthehalls14tryingtokeepthemquietthanactuallysittinginthemeetings.Ididnotunderstand15shehadpickedthatparticularmoment，whenmypatiencewasrunningoutandmy16wasscreaming，totellmethatmykidswerefullof17.AsIrealizednottoolate，“Strongwilledchildrenarea18，notacurse(诅咒)！”Yes，therehavebeentimeswhenIhave19wantedtothrowmyhandsintheairandscream，andtimeswhenIhavedonejustthat.Buttherehave20beenmomentswhenIhavefeltlikeIwasthestudentinsteadoftheteacher.语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者本来为自己“意志坚定的”孩子感到烦恼，觉得他们是一群捣蛋鬼。一位老妇人称赞儿子将来会大有作为的话让作者意识到有“意志坚定的”孩子是一大幸事。1．A.happilyB．longinglyC．relativelyD．unwillingly答案 B解析 根据上文“Iwouldsometimeswonder...”中的wonder可知，作者渴望知道别人家的孩子为什么都那么善解人意。longingly渴望地。故选B项。2．A.furthermoreB．otherwiseC．thereforeD．however
答案 D解析 空前一句说：“别人家的孩子都很善解人意”，空后说“他们几乎不听我的话”。前后两个句子之间语义转折，因此用however表示转折关系。故选D项。3．A.patienceB．loveC．courageD．chance答案 A解析 根据下文“mypatiencewasrunningoutandmywasscreaming”可知，孩子们不听作者的话，他们会经常大声尖叫，这很考验作者的耐心。故选A项。4．A.atleastB．inadditionC．afterallD．byfar答案 A解析 上文提到“Theyhardlyeverobeyedme”可知，如果孩子们的方式没有得到认可，他们就不服从作者，或者至少他们会尖叫或做出其他的胡乱的举动。故选A项。5．A.purenonsenseB．constanttestingC．strongwillD．bigdifference答案 C解析 上文提到“childafterchildwasbornintoourfamilywithfartoohighadose(剂量)of‘strongwill’”可知，作者想知道“意志坚定”是否是遗传的。故选C项。6．A.strictlyB．hesitatinglyC．uncommonlyD．nervously答案 C解析 根据下文“myscreamingbaby”可知，安德鲁看到一些东西都大喊大叫，异常地兴奋。故选C项。7．A.screamingB．observingC．runningD．playing答案 A解析 根据下文“myscreamingbaby”可知，安德鲁在大喊大叫。故选A项。8．A.strongB．helpfulC．hopefulD．smart答案 D解析 根据上文“...activeandexcitedaboutsmallthings”可知，安德鲁对看到的小东西显得很活跃、很兴奋，那位老妇人觉得他很机灵。故选D项。9．A.questionedB．consideredC．wonderedD．understood
答案 C解析 根据下文“Ihopedshewasright”和“mynoisytroublemakers”可知，作者觉得自己的孩子尖叫吵闹，因此当老妇人称赞安德鲁机灵时，她琢磨老妇人是不是在说她的儿子。故选C项。10．A.explainB．accomplishC．changeD．invent答案 B解析 根据老妇人称赞作者孩子的话“braveanddetermined”可知，老妇人觉得这些孩子会大有作为。故选B项。11．A.faithfullyB．confidentlyC．stubbornlyD．secretly答案 B解析 根据“repeated”可知，老妇人相信自己说的是正确的。故选B项。12．A.calmlyB．badlyC．sadlyD．honestly答案 D解析 根据下文“Ididnotunderstandshehadpickedthatparticularmoment”可知，作者很坦诚地承认自己不知道为什么老妇人选择那个时候说这些话。短语quitehonestly“说实在地，坦率地说”。故选D项。13．A.debateB．fightC．struggleD．wrestle答案 C解析 根据“mynoisytroublemakers”和“tryingtokeepthemquiet”可知，作者让不停地吵闹、捣乱的孩子们安静下来，和他们作斗争。故选C项。14．A.beforeB．afterC．whileD．until答案 C解析 在作者想让孩子们安静下来的这一段时间里，她更多的时间是在外面的大厅里。故选C项。15．A.whyB．whenC．whetherD．where答案 A解析 根据上文“Iwasalittleshockedathertiming”和“Ididnotunderstand...”可知，作者不明白老妇人为什么这个时候说那些话。故选A项。
16．A.priestB．neighbourC．childD．lady答案 C解析 根据上文“myscreamingbaby”可知，是当作者的孩子在尖叫的时候，老妇人对作者说的那些话。故选C项。17．A.energyB．excitementC．courageD．potential答案 D解析 根据上文老妇人称赞作者的孩子的话“‘Theyarebraveanddetermined，’shewenton，‘whichmeansthattheywillgreatthings.’”可知，老妇人认为作者的孩子很有潜力，将来会大有作为。故选D项。18．A.wishB．blessingC．choiceD．fate答案 B解析 blessing与notacurse意义相对。故选B项。19．A.desperatelyB．eventuallyC．accidentallyD．simply答案 A解析 根据上文可知，此处表示作者有时候绝望地想把手抛向空中尖叫。desperately拼命地，绝望地，极度地。故选A项。20．A.hardlyB．alsoC．neverD．already答案 B解析 上文提到“therehavebeentimeswhen...”，此处提到“therehavebeenmomentswhen...”，与上文句式并列，因此用also表示递进关系。故选B项。Ⅰ.高频词汇积累1．explodev．爆炸2．climaten．气候3．affectv．影响；感动；侵袭4．financen．金融；资金v．提供资金5．fundn．基金v．为……提供资金；拨款给6．economicadj.经济的
7．industryn．工业8．uniqueadj.独一无二的9．constantlyadv.重复不断地；始终10．acknowledgev．承认；公开感谢Ⅱ.长难句分析1.Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeissmallerthanahumangenomebutitisstillverylong，whichiswhyithasbeensodifficulttofind.[句式分析] 该句为复合句。Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeissmallerthanahumangenomebutitisstillverylong是主句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容；whyithasbeensodifficulttofind是定语从句中的表语从句。[自主翻译] 像橡胶树这样的植物的基因组要比人类的小但仍然很长，这就是这种基因组为什么很难发现它的原因。[仿写运用] 我不仅性格开朗、精力充沛，而且乐观热情，这是我申请这份工作的原因。Iamnotonlyoutgoingandenergetic，butalsooptimisticandenthusiastic，whichiswhyIapplyforthejob.2．TheCEIisoneofseveralprojectsthathavebeenfundedbytheSolentLEP，whichplaysaleadingroleindeterminingeconomicprioritiesintheregion.[句式分析] 该句为复合句。TheCEIisoneofseveralprojects是主句；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词projects；which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为theSolentLEP。[自主翻译] TheCEI是已经被theSolentLEP资助的几个工程中的一个，theSolentLEP在决定这个地区经济的优先地位方面起着主导作用。[仿写运用] 跑步是很多能增强体质的运动之一，它吸引了各个年龄阶段的人。Runningisoneofmanysportsthatcanbuildupourstrength，whichappealstopeopleofdifferentages.
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