基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Yourmajor，theChineseLanguage，isoneofthebestmajors(major)intheuniversity.2．Vocabularyisveryimportantwhenyouarelearning(learn)aforeignlanguage，butthatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldforgetallaboutthegrammarrules.3．Oneofthemosteffective(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.4．Anothernicethingisthatyoulearnaboutnewwordsandtheirusageunconsciously，meaningthatyouwilltendtousethewordslearned(learn)thiswayinconversationsalmostautomatically.5．Toeveryone’samazement，Ruthwasabouttotake(take)downeachwordandeachsentencewhilelisteningtothematerialinEnglish.6．Withtheworldbecoming(become)aglobalvillage，Englishisgettingmoreandmoreimportant.7．HehadmanyopportunitiestocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglishwhenhewasatcollege.8．HerEnglishwassolimited(limit)thatshecouldn’tunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssaid.9．It’sbecauseofhereffortsinclassthatshegotthefirstplaceintheEnglishcontestinourschool.10．Onlybypracticing(practice)hardcanyoulearnaforeignlanguagequitewell.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．IoftenlookthewordsIdon’tknowinthedictionaryorontheInternet.12．Thestudentswerecarefullytakingwhiletheirteacherwasexplainingsomegrammarrules.13．Asaninternationallanguage，Englishactsabridgelinkingallcountriestogethernowadays.14．Thelearningofanylanguagecanbevaluableandrewarding，itisnotsuitableforeveryone.15．Ifyouhadreadthedirections，somemistakesintheoraltestwouldhavebeenavoided.16．Weallliketheprofessor’snewapproachtoaforeignlanguage.
能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解AThebestknownexampleofouterinfluencecausinglanguagechangeisthe“Americanization”ofworldculture，whichhascausedEnglishwordstoappearallovertheworld.Theeffectismostnoticeableinpopmusic.ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish，andthewordsarepickedupandrepeatedeverywhere，evenbychildrenwhootherwisehavelittleornocommandofthelanguage.IoncemetaBrazilianchildofabouttenwhocouldcount“one，two，three”，butonlybyaddingthewords“o’clock，fouro’clockrock”attheend.SomepeopleareoftenstronglycriticaloftheinfluenceofEnglishontheirlanguage—especiallywhenanEnglishwordreplacesatraditionalword.In1977，FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalent(意义相同的)Frenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonouredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.Someothercountrieshaveconsideredintroducingasimilarlawdespitetheevidencethatsuchlawshaveverylittleeffect，andthatthearrivalofloanwords(外来词)cangreatlyenrichalanguage(asindeedinthecaseofEnglishitself，whichhasalonghistoryofwelcomingforeignwords)．However，noteveryoneiscritical.Inparticular，commercialfirmsandadvertisersarewellawareofthepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring.InJapan，Englishisevenusedintelevisioncommercials，despitethefactthatthemajorityofviewerswouldnotunderstandexactlywhatwasbeingsaid：theexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglishisapparentlyenoughtocommandthestrategytotheadvertisers.MostoftheinfluenceofEnglishisuponthevocabularyofforeignlanguages，butsurveysareslowlybringingtolightseveralcaseswherewordorderorwordstructurehasbeenaffected.Sentencesofthetype“Thebooksellswell”，usinganactiveconstructionforapassivemeaning，havebeguntoappearinDanish.SeverallanguageskeeptheEnglishpluralendingwhentheymakeuseofaloanword，anddonottranslateitintothenativeform，e.g.drinks.Therearemanyothersuchcases.语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英语在世界范围内广为使用，一些人经常强烈批评英语对他们母语的影响。1．WhycouldtheBrazilianchildspeak“one，two，three”inEnglish?A．Becausehehadseenthesewordseverywhereinthestreet.B．BecausehehadlearnthowtotellthetimeinEnglish.C．BecausehehadmadehimselfmasterofEnglish.
D．Becausehehadheardthesewordsinsongsalot.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish...butonlybyaddingthewords‘o’clock，fouro’clockrock’attheend.”可知，文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语，但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放，所以他学会了说这些数字。故选D。2．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinFrancein1977?A．Itwasstrict.B．Itwasunfair.C．Itwasoftenignored.D．Itwasstronglyopposed.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“butthelawseemedtobehonouredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving”及“suchlawshaveverylittleeffect”可知，人们经常不遵守这项法律，即这项法律经常被忽视。故选C。3．WhydosomeJapanesecommercialsuseEnglish?A．TofollowtheAmericantrend.B．Tobecomeworldfamous.C．ToenrichJapanese.D．Toincreasesales.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“thepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring”及“theexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglish”可知，广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色，激发人们的购买欲从而增加销量，这正是有些日本广告使用英语的原因。故选D。4．Howisthelastparagraphmainlydeveloped?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byexplaininggrammarrules.D．Byanalyzinglanguagechange.答案 A解析 写作手法题。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。由此可知，最后一段主要是通过举例展开的。故选A。
BLearningasecondlanguageistrickyatanyageanditonlygetstougherthelongeryouwaittoopenthatdustyFrenchbook.Now，inanewstudy，scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinasecondlanguageseemtoplummet：10.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalCognition，foundthatit’s“nearlyimpossible”forlanguagelearnerstoreachnativelevelfluencyiftheystartlearningasecondtongueafter10.Butthatdoesn’tseemtobebecauselanguageskillsgodownhill.“Itturnsoutyou’restilllearningfast.It’sjustthatyourunoutoftime，becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold，”saysstudycoauthorJoshuaHartshorne，anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatBostonCollege.Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.Children’sbrainsaremoreplasticthanthoseofadults，meaningthey’rebetterabletoadaptandrespondtonewinformation.“Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging，”Hartshornesays，“andchildren’sbrainsseemtobealotmoreskilledatchanging.”Kidsmayalsobemorewillingtotrynewthings(andtopotentiallylookfoolishintheprocess)thanadultsare.Theircomparativelynewgraspontheirnativetonguemayalsobeadvantageous.Unlikeadults，whotendtodefault(默认)totherulesandpatternsoftheirfirstlanguage，kidsmaybeabletoapproachanewonewithablankslate(石板)．Thesefindingsmayseemdiscouraging，butitwashearteningforscientiststolearnthatthecriticalperiodforfluentlanguageacquisitionmightbelongerthantheypreviouslythought.Somescientistsbelievedthatthebriefwindowclosesshortlyafterbirth，whileothersstretcheditonlytoearlyadolescence.Comparedtothoseestimates,17or18—whenlanguagelearningabilitystartstodropoff—seemsrelativelyold.“Peoplefaredbetterwhentheylearnedbyimmersion(沉浸)，ratherthansimplyinaclassroom.Andmovingtoaplacewhereyourdesiredlanguageisspokenisthebestwaytolearnasanadult.Ifthat’snotanoption，youcanmimicanimmersiveenvironmentbyfindingwaystohaveconversationswithnativespeakersintheirowncommunities，”Hartshornesays.Bydoingso，it’spossibletobecomeconversationallyproficient—evenwithouttheadvantageofachild’sbrain.5．Theunderlinedword“plummet”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“”．A．decreaseB．riseC．endD．vary答案 A解析
词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词所在句的内容以及第二段第一句的内容可知，此处表示的是10岁以后再学习第二语言想达到流利水平的可能性就会下降，因此画线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。故选A项。6．WhatcanbeinferredfromJoshuaHartshorne’swords?A．Childrenaretooyoungtograspasecondlanguage.B．Ages10－18arethebesttimetolearnasecondlanguage.C．Adultsgobeyondthecriticalperiodforlearningasecondlanguage.D．Communicatingwithnativespeakersenablesyoutomasterallthelanguageskills.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Itturnsoutyou’restilllearningfast.It’sjustthatyourunoutoftime，becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdropping...anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatBostonCollege.”以及第三段中的“‘Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging，’Hartshornesays，‘andchildren’sbrainsseemtobealotmoreskilledatchanging.’”可推知，乔舒亚·哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。故选C项。7．Whatmightbethereasonwhyadultscan’treachnativelevelfluencyinasecondlanguage?A．Adultsarelessinfluencedbytheirmothertongues.B．Adultsspendmoretimerespondingtonewinformation.C．Adultsareonlytoowillingtoexperiencesomethingawkwardintheprocess.D．Adultspreferanimmersiveenvironmenttoaclassroominlearningasecondlanguage.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Children’sbrainsaremoreplasticthanthoseofadults，meaningthey’rebetterabletoadaptandrespondtonewinformation.”可知，儿童的大脑比成人的大脑更具可塑性，他们能够更好地适应和应对新信息，由此可知，成年人花更多的时间对新信息做出反应，这可能使他们学习第二语言不能达到母语的流利程度，故选B。8．Thepassageismainlyabout.A．thebestagetolearnasecondlanguageB．theapproachestolearningasecondlanguageC．whykidslearnasecondlanguagemoreeasilythanadultsD．whetheradultscanlearnasecondlanguageliketheiryoungerselves答案 C解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第三段第一句可知，本文主要是介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。故选C项。Ⅳ.完形填空(2020·河南郑州质检)Veryfewofusbecomefluentinanotherlanguagebylearningitinhighschool.
Iwenttouniversityandthenmovedacrossthecountrytoseeka1job，marriedandraisedchildren.Imadeaneffortto2thelittlebitofFrenchIlearnedinschool，buteventuallyIrealizedthatthiswasreally3.Iwasquiteawarethatnewlanguagesarebestlearnedwhenyoung，andthatourabilitiesinthatregarddeclinewith4.However，justbeforemy50thbirthday，I5Frenchclasses.AfterIwastestedtoseewhichgroupIbelongedto，Iwasplacedatalmosttheintroductory6.WhenIlookedaroundatmyfirstclass，Iwas7thatmanyofthestudentswerelearningFrenchasathird，fourthorevenfifthlanguage.Contrarytomy8thatlearninganewlanguagewasimpossiblydifficult，therewerepeoplewholearnednewlanguagesasamatterofcourse.WhileIhadalwaysthoughtofmyselfasa9learner，thatwasnolongerthecase.I10newvocabularyratherslowly.WhatIlearnedoneweekseemedto11assoonasIlearnedthenextskill.Ihadtolookupthe12wordsandlanguagestructuresoverandover.Now，afterseveralyearsoflearning，IcanlistentothenewsinFrenchand1390%ofitonthefirsttry，readanovelifthelanguageisn’ttoo14andholdupmyendofaconversationifitdoesn’tgotoofast.I’velearnedsomuchbeyondgrammarandvocabulary.I’vemetpeoplefromaroundtheworldandallwalksoflifewhohavethe15tomakefoolsofthemselvesinordertolearnsomethingnew.I’vebeentaughtby16andinspirationalteachersfrommanycornersoftheworld.Listeningtothenewsasitis17tothepeopleofFrance，Ihavearenewedunderstandingofhowsomethingcanlook18differentfromanotherviewpoint.I’velearnedthatalanguageisnotjustasetofwords，butawayof19.Butmostofall，I’velearnedthatitisnevertoo20tolearnsomethingnew.语篇解读 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者在50岁学习法语，历经几年的努力，终于大概掌握这门语言的过程。同时，作者还介绍了自己的一些感想和体会。1．A.demandingB．temporaryC．meaningfulD．popular答案 A解析 句意为：我上了大学，然后到全国各地寻找一份要求很高的工作，结婚，养育孩子。demanding要求高的；temporary暂时的；meaningful有意义的；popular流行的，受欢迎的。故选A。2．A.understandB．reviewC．keepD．master答案 C解析 句意为：我努力保持在学校里学的那一点法语，但最终我意识到这是毫无意义的。understand理解；review复习；keep保持；master精通，掌握。故选C。
3．A.helpfulB．pointlessC．worthwhileD．necessary答案 B解析 句意见上题解析。helpful有帮助的；pointless无意义的；worthwhile值得的；necessary必要的。根据but转折可知，作者想保持在学校学的那一点法语，但最终失败了。所以他意识到自己的努力是“没有意义的”。故选B。4．A.healthB．concernC．interestD．age答案 D解析 句意为：我很清楚，学习新语言最好是在年轻的时候，而我们在这方面的能力会随着年龄的增长而衰退。health健康；concern关心；interest兴趣；age年龄。故选D。5．A.gotreadyforB．gotonwithC．signedupforD．fellinlovewith答案 C解析 句意为：然而，就在我50岁生日前夕，我报了法语班。getreadyfor为……做好准备；getonwith和……相处；signupfor报名参加；fallinlovewith爱上。根据下一句可知，作者经过测试被放到了入门级别。由此推知，作者报名参加了法语班。故选C。6．A.levelB．positionC．attemptD．test答案 A解析 句意为：在测试了我属于哪一组之后，我几乎被放在了入门级别。level水平，级别；position职位，位置；attempt企图；test检测，测试。故选A。7．A.disappointedB．amazedC．annoyedD．excited答案 B解析 句意为：当我在第一堂课上环顾四周时，我惊讶地发现，许多学生都在把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五种语言来学习。disappointed失望的；amazed惊奇的；annoyed恼怒的，生气的；excited兴奋的。故选B。8．A.agreementB．researchC．assumptionD．conclusion答案 C解析 句意为：与我的设想(学习一门新语言是非常困难的)相反，有一些人把新语言作为一件理所当然的事情来学习。agreement协议，一致；research研究；assumption假定，设想；conclusion结论。故选C。
9．A.clumsyB．confidentC．seriousD．quick答案 D解析 句意为：虽然我一直认为自己是一个快速的学习者，但情况不再是这样。clumsy笨拙的；confident有信心的；serious严肃的；quick快速的。根据下文中的“thatwasnolongerthecase”和“ratherslowly”可知，作者学习新词汇相当慢。由此推知，他原本认为自己是个学东西很快的人。故选D。10．A.absorbedB．consultedC．createdD．recognized答案 A解析 句意为：我吸收新词汇的速度相当慢。absorb吸收；consult咨询；create创造；recognize认出。故选A。11．A.godownB．payoffC．slipawayD．buildup答案 C解析 godown下降；payoff还清；slipaway逃走，悄悄溜走；buildup建造。根据前一句作者吸收新词汇速度慢可知，作者学会下一个技能，前一周刚学的东西就会被忘记，即：前一周学的东西“溜走”了。故选C。12．A.keyB．sameC．freshD．complex答案 B解析 句意为：我不得不一遍又一遍地查找相同的单词和语言结构。key关键的；same同样的；fresh新鲜的；complex复杂的。故选B。13．A.catchB．reciteC．guessD．hear答案 A解析 句意为：现在，经过几年的学习，我可以听法语新闻，一次就能理解90%的内容。catch理解，抓住；recite背诵；guess猜测；hear听见。故选A。14．A.changeableB．internationalC．difficultD．native答案 C解析 句意为：如果一本小说的法语不是特别难，我可以读懂这本小说。changeable可改变的；international国际的；difficult困难的；native本地的，本国的。故选C。15．A.chanceB．trick
C．courageD．desire答案 C解析 句意为：我遇到过来自世界各地和各行各业的人，他们为了学习新东西，敢于出丑。chance机会；trick诡计，恶作剧；courage勇气；desire欲望，要求。故选C。16．A.energeticB．patientC．politeD．simple答案 B解析 句意为：我曾被来自世界各地有耐心并且鼓舞人心的老师教导。energetic精力充沛的；patient有耐心的；polite有礼貌的；simple简单的。故选B。17．A.announcedB．sentC．returnedD．presented答案 D解析 句意为：听着向法国人民播出的新闻。announce宣布；send派；return返回；present播出。故选D。18．A.completelyB．equallyC．roughlyD．slightly答案 A解析 句意为：听着向法国人民播出的新闻，我对一个事物从另一个角度看起来如何会完全不同有了新的理解。completely完全地；equally平等地；roughly粗略地；slightly稍微地。故选A。19．A.challengingB．thinkingC．livingD．learning答案 B解析 句意为：我明白了语言不仅仅是一套单词，而且是一种思维方式。challenge挑战；think思考，认为，想；live生活，居住；learn学习。故选B。20．A.slowB．impossibleC．lateD．inconvenient答案 C解析 句意为：但最重要的是，我懂得了什么时候学习新东西都不晚。slow慢的；impossible不可能的；late晚的，迟到的；inconvenient不方便的。故选C。Ⅰ.话题词汇总结1．commandn．命令；指令，控制；掌握
2．expressionn．表达；表情；词语；表达方式3．translatev．翻译4．publishv．出版；发行；刊登5．assistantn．助手，助理adj.副的6．nativeadj.本地的，当地的，土著的n．本地人，当地人7．officialadj.官方的8．patternn．模式；方式9．fluentadj.流利的10．signupfor报名参加联想 常用的和语言学习有关的词汇还有：1．interestn．兴趣v．使感兴趣；使关注2．vocabularyn．词汇；词汇量3．absorbv．吸收；理解4．recommendvt.推荐5．practicen．&v．练习6．focusv．集中(精力、注意力)等；聚焦n．焦点7．masterv．掌握8．standardn．标准9．uniqueadj.独一无二的10．knowledgen．知识话题微写作——根据所给的汉语及以上词汇，完成下面的小短文。我想推荐李明做你的助手。首先，他英语很好，能很轻松地跟当地人交流。其次，他对电脑很感兴趣，并且他也了解一些解决相关问题的方法。I’dliketorecommendLiMingasyourassistant.Firstofall，hehasagoodknowledgeofEnglish，whichmakesiteasyforhimtocommunicatewithnativepeople.Second，hehasagreatinterestinthecomputer，andhealsoknowssomeapproachestodealingwiththeproblemsrelatedtoit.Ⅱ.长难句分析Someothercountrieshaveconsideredintroducingasimilarlawdespitetheevidencethatsuchlawshaveverylittleeffect，andthatthearrivalofloanwords(外来词)cangreatlyenrichalanguage.[句式分析] 本句为复合句。Someothercountrieshaveconsideredintroducingasimilarlaw为主句，despite为介词，theevidence是despite的宾语，后边的两个that引导的都是同位语从句，解释说明evidence。[自主翻译]
其他一些国家已经考虑引入类似的法律，尽管有证据表明此类法律效果甚微，而且外来词能极大地丰富一种语言。[仿写运用] 尽管他不友好，而且他经常给别人留下不好的印象，我仍然认为他是个英雄。Iconsideredhimaherodespitethefactthathewasnotfriendly，andthatheoftenleftabadimpressiononothers.
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