M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(原卷)

M5Unit3Scienceandnature(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2021·高三月考)Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote(解毒药).Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformycompany.Iwantedotherstofindthecomfortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelcomingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.Wherethereoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it’saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.1.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?A.Ithelpstodevelopatake-it-as-it-isattitude.B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression.D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.2.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?A.It’sbeautiful.B.It’srewardingC.It’sdepressingD.It’scooperative.3.Whatisthebesttitle?A.GardeningforFunB.ASenseofWonderC.SowingSeedsofHopeD.AVisionfortheFutureB (2021·全国高三二模)Manyblack-footedferrets(雪貂)oncelivedintheAmericanWest.Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土拨鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.Additionally,theenvironmentinwhichtheylivedwasdestroyed.Bythe1970s,mostexpertsbelievedthatblack-footedferretsnolongerexisted.Then,in1981,agroupofthemwerefoundinWyoming,buttheyweresuddenlyhitbyanunknowndiseaseinthemid-1980s,andtheirpopulationdecreasedtojust18.TheUSFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)caughtallofthemandtriedtoprotectthem.Allbutsevendied.Currently,there’rebetween400and500ferretsremaining.ButallofthemarerelatedtothesevenanimalsrescuedfromWyomingexceptElizabethAnn.Normally,theDNAoftheanimalsgetsmixedupwhendifferentpairsofanimalshavebabies.ThesmalldifferencesintheirDNAcanhelpprotectthegroupasawhole.Becausealllivingblack-footedferretsarecloselyrelated,theyallhavesimilarweaknesses.ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.Inthe1980s,theDNAfromaferretnamedWillawasstoredinthe“FrozenZoo”runbySanDiegoZooGlobal.Hopefully,cloningwouldallowblack-footedferretstoreturntothewild.Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.Thematterwaslefthangingintheair.Butin1996,ascientistclonedasheep,called“Dolly”.Sincethen,manyotheranimalshavealsobeencloned.TheUSFWShasbeentalkingaboutcloningblack-footedferretssince2013.In2018,theyfinallygaveagroupcalledRevive&Restorepermissiontotryit.OnDecember10,2020,ElizabethAnnwasborn.Bloodtestshaveprovenhertobe100%black-footedferret.4.Whatwasthemaincauseofblack-footedferrets’almostdyingoutbythe1970s?A.Theywereshortoffood.B.Theywerekilledbyfarmers.C.Theylosttheirlivingplaces.D.Theysufferedfromabaddisease.5.WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutcloningElizabethAnn?A.Theeffectivemethod.B.Thegreatsignificance.C.Thedifferenttypes.D.Thepotentialrisk.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangingintheair”inParagraph4mean?A.Unexpected.B.Unconcerned.C.Unresolved.D.Unexposed.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewcloningageiscoming.B.Anendangeredspeciessurvivedbycloning.C.Theresearchofferrets’DNAwasconducted.D.Thetruthoftheextinctionoftheferretswasrevealed. C(2021·全国高三模拟)Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(转基因)foods.A2018researchcenterfoundthat49%ofAmericansthinkfoodscontainingGMingredients(成分)areworseforone'shealththannaturalfoods.Slightlyfewerpeople,44%,believefoodswithGMingredientsareneitherbetternorworseforone'shealth.Only5%sayGMfoodsarebetterforone'shealth.Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.InAmerica,allGMfoodsmustbeapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),whichrequirescarefulassessment.GMfoodscanresultinanimprovementofafood'sappearanceortaste;someGMfoodsmaturefasterandareslowertorot.So,whydohalfofAmericansbelievefoodscontainingGMingredientsareworse?Onereasonistheincreasedinterestinnaturalandorganicfoods.Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.Thescientificconsensus,basedonmanystudies,isthatGMfoodsarenotdangeroustohumanhealth.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationarguesthatGMfoodscanevenbehealthierforyou.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)statesthat.“GMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarkethavepassedsafetyassessmentsandarenotlikelytopresentrisksforhumanhealth”.FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.8.Whydoestheauthormentionthestudyinthebeginning?A.TodefineGMfoods.B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Toexpressanopinion.D.Toprovideevidence.9.WhatcarpweinferaboutGMfoods?A.Theytastebetterbutripeslower.B.It’shardtoavoidthemindailylife.C.Theydiffergreatlyfromnaturalfoods.D.It'seasytodeterminewhetherthey'resafe.10.Whydonearly50%ofAmericansbelieveGMfoodsareworse?A.Thelong-terminfluenceofGMfoodsisn’tclear.B.OrganicfoodsarehealthierthanGMfoods.C.WHObelievesthatGMfoodsratherriskyforhealth. D.Thefiguresofthestudiesmayheinaccurate.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Approving.B.Skeptical.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.D(2021·上海浦东新区高三模拟)Ontheoccasionalclear-frostautumnnight,IwashikingthroughthedarkforestwithmyGMOwolf.Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(转基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.Ourworldischangingrapidly.Inthelastfivedecades,globalpopulationhasfullydoubled,with3.7billionhungrymouthsaddedtoourplanet.Duringthissametimespan,theamountoflandsuitableforagriculturehasincreasedbyonly5%.Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamineonemighthavepredicted.Howdoscientistsmodifyaplantsothatitmakesmorefoodthanitsparentsdid?Wecouldtreateachharvestlikealitterofwolfpupsandselectonlyplantsbearingthefattest,richestseedsforthenextseason.Thiswasthemethodourancestorsusedtoengineerrice,comandwheatfromthewildgrassestheyencountered.Duringmychildhood,advancesingenetictechnologiesallowedscientiststoidentifyandclonethegenesresponsibleforrepressingstemgrowth,leadingtoshorter,strongerstalksthatcouldbearmoreseed—thehigh-yieldcropsthatfeedustoday.The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.PlantgeneticistscannowdirectlyeditoutoreditinsectionsofDNAusingmolecularscissors.Wecanminimizeaplant’sweaknesseswhileaddingtoitsstrengths,andwedon’thavetowaitforseasonstopasstotesttheresult.Itisthetransformativepotentialofthesetechniquestoquicklysupplythenext-generationcropsrequiredforupcomingclimatechangethathasledmetobelieveinthesafetyandfunctionofGMOplantsinagriculturalproducts.WeneedmoreGMOresearchtofeedtheworldthatwearecreating.Ilovethequietforestthatstandsbetweenmylabandmyhome.ButIknowthatasascientist,Iamresponsiblefirsttohumanity.Wemustfeed,shelterandnurtureoneanotherasourfirstpriority,andtodoso,wemusttakeadvantageofourbesttechnologies,whichhavealwaysincludedsometypeofgeneticmodification.Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.IkeepthefaithofmyancestorseachnightwhenIwalkthroughtheforesttomylab,andmyGMOwolfdoesthesamewhensheguardsmywayhome.12.Whydoestheauthormentionthewolfinthe1stparagraph? A.Toadvisepeopletokeepwolvesaspets.B.Topersuadereaderstowelcomethenewtechnology.C.Tochangepeople’sattitudetowardswolves.D.Tointroduceatechnologyusedtohumans’advantage.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GMOtechnologywillhelpweatherprooffuturecrops.B.WithGMOtechnology,faminehasbeeneliminated.C.Artificialselectionsmakehigh-yieldplantspossible.D.Theauthorbelievestechnologyshouldcontributetofuturegenerations.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmodifyingaplant?A.Ittakesscientistsseasonstoknowwhethertheirselectioniscorrect.B.Onewayforancestorstochangeaplantwastoclonesomegenes.C.ModemtechniqueshelpspeeduptheartificialselectionbyalteringDNA.D.ThegeneralpublicshowstrongfaithinGMOplants,n15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.GMOTechnology—TurningWolvesintotheBestPetsB.EngineeredFood—FeedingFutureGenerationsC.EngineeredFood—ToBeorNotToBeD.GMOTechnology—ADrivingForceinWorldPeace二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·北京市潞河中学高三三模)Theadventofhigh-techeraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.Fromancienttimes,1Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.Onthepositiveside,2Onthenegativeside,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibilityofcivilianuprisingDuringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings, suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.3Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.4Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakestheeconomyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhasmasteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehavestabilizedandstoppedgrowing.5Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.Asforthefollow-up,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirectionA.humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfireB.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththecomingofthenextWorldWarC.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.WeshouldtreattherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyesD.theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctionsE.ThepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportionF.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankindG.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·河北高三一模)FaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromessometimeshaverevealingfacialfeaturesbutusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbe1giventherearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.Anewneuralnetworkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctors2thepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltneuralnetworktolookattheoverallimpressionoffacesand3alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave. They4theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.TheteamthenaskedtheAlto5potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalso6theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(变异)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysicalappearance64percentofthetime.It’sclearlynot7butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthatweremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare8andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmake-upandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsabout9.Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto10againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.11,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybeavailableforusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbring12tothosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultra-rarediseases,the13ofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen14thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsaddmeansoffindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand,15helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.1.A.convincingB.trickyC.reliableD.profitable2.A.bringaboutB.resultfromC.narrowdownD.ruleout3.A.returnB.inputC.topD.feed4.A.basedB.imposedC.concentratedD.trained5.A.identifyB.distinguishC.transformD.cure6.A.testedB.demonstratedC.recognizedD.modified7.A.acceptableB.perfectC.considerableD.workable8.A.coveredB.excludedC.highlightedD.supervised9.A.objectivityB.accuracyC.reliabilityD.privacy 10.A.discriminateB.fightC.argueD.vote11.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.However12.A.challengesB.benefitsC.damagesD.concerns13.A.treatmentB.responseC.consequenceD.process14.A.repliedB.confirmedC.consideredD.addressed15.A.bycontrastB.inturnC.inadditionD.insummary四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2021·全国高二语法填空)Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Thefirstmammaltobecloned1(success)fromanadultcellwasDolly,thesheep.Shewasbornin1996anddiedinearly2003,atamuchyoungerage2normal.Whenshewasborn,manypeople3(are)worriedthatcloningwouldleadtomorediseasesintheanimalworld.However,ingeneralthescientists4(praise)fortheirwonderfulscientificadvance.IanWilmut,theScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly,isshockedthatsomescientistsarenow5(consideration)cloninghumanbeings.Althoughheresearchescloning,his6(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.Insteadhethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrate7creatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotof8(anxious),itisgoodnewsforthepersonswhocannothaveababy.SoSeverinoAntinori,9Italianphysician,hasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirst10(clone)ahumanbeing.五、写作写作(一)(改编自2021·福建高二月考)你班即将举行主题为“Shouldhumancloningbeallowed?”的英语辩论赛。请你写一篇发言稿。内容包括：1.你的观点：2.你的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Shouldhumancloningbeallowed? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作(二)(2021·山东高三三模)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onemorningonmywaytoschool,noticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvestcarryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具).“What’sthatladydoing?”Iaskedmum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun,”mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun?”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI’dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledandwavedathereachtimeIsawher.Later,Imovedtohighschool.ThetimeIsawrubbishhereandthereIfeltreallyannoyed.ThenI’dthink,“Whyisn’tanyonepickingupthisrubbish?PeoplearesoinconsiderateI”However,shortlyafter,Irealizedpickinguptherubbishwasnotsomeoneease’sproblem.NowIcouldn’twalkpastlitterwithoutfeelingguilty.Ivolunteeredtocleanuprubbisharoundourschool.Strangeasitmightsound,pickinguplitterwaskindofathrillforme!Infact,Iwassodeterminedthatformy17thbirthdayIboughtmyselfarubbishclaw,reusableglovesandareflectivesafetyyellowvestwithmyownnameonit.Duringmyfirstattemptinmystylishequipment,metwithunfriendlylooksfromothersasifIwereacriminaldoingcommunityservice.Oneday,Ihadanepiphany(顿悟):“I’mactingjustlikeVestLady!”Buttherewastoomuchrubbisharound,cigaretteendslitteredabout,cansrollingonthestreet,piecesofpaperhiddeninthegrassandplastic.alonewastooweakJHowwouldIgetmorevolunteersinvolvedinrubbishremoval?Asmartideaflashedintomymind.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para1:SoonIcreatedmywebsitegopickingupcom.__________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2:Moreandmorepeopleonvestswiththeirownnames.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________