第19讲：高考核心词汇+句子成分与句子写作+题型综合练高考词汇打卡1.潜意识的;意识不清的adj.subconscious2.充足的,足够的adj.sufficient3.摘要;概要n.summary4.沐日光浴vi.sunbathe5.表面n.surface6.外科医生n.surgeon7.姓n.surname8.吞下;咽下;吞并vt.swallow9.汗n.sweat10.扫;打扫v.sweep11.象征;标志;符号n.symbol12.交响乐n.symphony13.人造的;合成的adj.synthetic14.裁制;使适应特定需要v.tailor15.驯化;驯服vt.tame16.把苹果换成梨substituteapplesforpears/applessubstituteforpears17.成功到达地铁站succeedinreachingthesubwaystation18.功成名就besuccessfulandfamous19.遭受许多磨难undergo/gothroughalotofsufferings20.在阳光下inthesun/sunlight21.比现在的系统高级besuperiortothecurrentsystem22.供应不足beinshortsupply1.技师;技术员n.technician2.用电视播放vt.televise3.温带的;温和的adj.temperate4.暂时的.临时的adj.temporary5.趋势.趋向n.tendency6.末端;终端;终点n.terminal7.领土,版图n.territory8.疗法.治疗n.therapy9.口渴的adj.thirsty10.彻底的;完全的adj.thorough11.思考的;考虑周到的adj.thoughtful12.线n.thread13.雷暴n.thunderstorm14.整齐的;整洁的adj.tidy15.紧的;拉紧的;紧身的adj.tight16.一直;始终allthetime17.立刻innotime18.突然大哭起来burstintotears/burstoutcrying19.把报纸撕得粉碎tearthenewspaperintopieces20.科学技术scienceandtechnology21.明辨是非tellrightfromwrong22.心情愉快beinagoodtemper23.量体温takeone'stemperature24.从长远来看inthelongterm25.多亏了那种疗法thankstothetherapy26.相对论theoryofrelativity
23.理应8点到besupposedtoarrive8o'clock24.网上冲浪surf(on)theInternet25.悬索桥suspensionbridge26.对幸存者表示同情feel/havesympathyforthesurvivor27.呈现出新的面貌takeonanewlook28.占据了所有的业余时间takeupallofone'ssparetime29.错把今天当成了星期天taketodayforSunday30.自言自语talktooneself27.要输掉那场网球赛了tendtolosethetennismatch28.重新考虑后onsecondthought(s)29.单程票single/one-wayticket30.暂时forthetimebeing语法精选精讲一、句子成份概述句子最重要部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心,整个句子说的就是它，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态。简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容，因为所谓的更为复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合句，全部是简单句组合或相套而来。五种简单句句型如下：二、五种基本句型及其它主语＋谓语主语＋谓语＋宾语主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语主语＋系动词＋表语写作中常用的句子成分还有定语、状语和同位语。定语主要由形容词充当，放在名词或代词前修饰名词或代词，或者由介词短语充当，放在名词之后；状语由副词或者介词短语充当，修饰动词。同位语用于名词之后，起补充说明该名词意义的作用。这些成分都不是必不可少的成分，但是它们是扩展句子的非常重要的手段。
经典精讲1.“主语＋谓语”结构此处谓语动词要用不及物动词，也就是主语本身就可以完成谓语动词的动作，后面不需要跟一个该动作的承受者。例如：在过去的二十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。如果写成：Overthepasttwentyyears,Chinahashappeneddramaticchanges.句子显而易见是错误的，因为happen是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。汉语可以说“发生变化”，但是英语不能说“happenchanges”。有以下几种说法可以替换：Overthepasttwentyyears,Chinahaswitnessed（目睹，及物动词）dramaticchanges.Duringthepasttwentyyears,Chinahasseen(看见，及物动词)dramaticchanges.Overtheprevioustwentyyears,Chinahasexperienced(经历，及物动词)dramaticchanges.Overthelasttwentyyears,Chinahasundergone(经历，及物动词)dramaticchanges.如果要用happen或者takeplace,必须说成：在过去的二十年里巨大的变化发生在中国。写成：Overthepasttwentyyears,dramaticchangeshavehappened/takenplaceinChina.常见的不及物动词有happen,breakout,agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed等，还有主要用于图表增减的词如fall,drop,increase等。2.“主语＋谓语＋宾语”结构此处谓语动词要用及物动词，也就是主语发出的谓语动词的动作，后面必须要跟一个动作的承受者。及物动词就是词典或者词汇表中后面标有vt.（transitiveverb）的词。Timehealsallwounds.时间可以治愈一切伤痛。其中Time是主语，发出了heal这个动作,而heal的对象，也就是heal这个动作的承受者是wounds。Thetailormakestheman.人靠衣装，佛靠金装。Thetailor发出了make这个动作，make的对象或者说make的承受者是theman。主谓宾句型跟中文顺序对应，大部分同学能够写得得心应手，建议考生在写作中重点使用。这一句型的基本要求是要记住大量的动宾搭配的地道表达方式，如：增进理解deepenunderstanding增强人们的环保意识enhancepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection
采取措施takemeasures提高人民生活水平improvepeople’sstandardofliving扩大知识面enlargescopeofknowledge保护濒危动物protectendangeredspecies赡养老年人support/takecareoftheelderly犯罪commitcrimes掌握语言技能acquirelanguageskills取得成功/实现目标achievesuccess/one’saim发表演说deliveranaddress接受某人的意见accept/follow/takesb’sadvice与……达成协议arriveat/cometo/reachanagreementwith进行急救do/give/offerfirstaid 听到有人敲门/按铃而去开门answerthedoor/bell入睡；睡着fall/dropasleep帮助某人give/lend/offerassistancetosb.试图做某事makeanattemptat(doing)sth.上学/上大学attendschool/college吸引……的注意draw/attract/hold/taketheattentionof1.“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构这一句型动词比较特殊，可以跟两个宾语，谓语动作的直接接受者和间接接受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。Youshouldteachchildrenthetrafficrules.主谓间接宾语直接宾语teach这个词有两个动作的承受者，但是“教”这个动作的直接承受者是thetrafficrules,间接宾语是children。这类句子写作主要是熟记常用的可以带双宾语的动词，这类词写作中常用的包括give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand,bring,offer,teach,show等。国际旅游给人们提供了了解不同文化的机会。句子的主语为“Internationaltourism”；谓语为offersb.sth./offersthtosb.；直接宾语为achance，间接宾语为one/people；tounderstanddifferentcultures则是“chance”的定语。句子整理为：Internationaltourismoffersoneachancetounderstanddifferentcultures.
1.“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构这一句型在写作时常用的是谓语动词为表示使动的make，即主语使宾语怎么样。注意常带补语的动词，如find/see/hear等词。还要记住一些固定后接-ing或todo或形容词的动词。例如：房价飞涨，令人沮丧。按照成分分析，这句话的核心为“房价使人沮丧”，时态用一般现在时，写成：Thepricesofhousesmakepeoplefrustrated.所谓“飞”，意思是“急剧上涨”，为名词“房价”的修饰语，即定语，所以“上涨”应该用形容词increasing，而“急剧”作为形容词increasing的修饰语，应该使用副词sharply，这句话变成：Thesharplyincreasingpricesofhousesmakepeoplefrustrated.外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。这是一个稍微难的句子，主语是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Workingoutside；“让”不能写成let，要用make,时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers,“没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词结构unabletotakegoodcareoftheirchildren。全句成为：Workingoutsidemakeswomenunabletotakegoodcareoftheirchildren.也可以将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。Workingoutsidemakesitimpossibleforwomentotakegoodcareoftheirchildren.当然，如果掌握的词汇够丰富，也可以用其他表达方式，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，使用deprivesb.of结构。Workingoutsidedepriveswomenofthechancetotakegoodcareoftheirchildren.2.“主语＋系动词＋表语”结构主系表结构，是很常见的一种句型。1.系动词be。2.表感官的系动词，如look,sound，taste,smell,feel,seem,appear等。3.表变化的系动词，如become,get,turn,grow,come,go,fall,run等。4.表持续的系动词，如remain,keep,stay,stand,rest,lie,hold等。5.可带名词作表语的系动词，如be,become,sound,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如Heturnedteacher)等。
关掉动物园是没有远见的行为。Itisshortsightedtoshutdownzoos.1.therebe句型注意Therebe本身就是谓语，所以后面的主语后不能使用谓语动词了。Nowadays,thereisalargenumberofchildrenstudyabroad.应该改为：Nowadays,therearealargenumberofchildrenstudyingabroad./Nowadays,alargenumberofchildrenarestudyingabroad.therebe句型还有therewillbe/thereshouldbe/thereshouldbe/thereisgoingtobe/theremustbe/thereusedtobe/Thereappearstobe/There’s(are)likelytobe/Therelies/therestands等变形结构，可以灵活运用。私家车似乎太多而公交车还不够。Thereseemtobetoomanyprivatecarsandnotenoughpublicbuses.2.非谓语结构在写好上述简单句的基本句型的基础上，可以使用一些非谓语结构，使句意表达更为丰富和紧凑，也使句子结构显得更为“高级”。现在分词作伴随状语使被描绘内容显得更为形象生动。Thelittlegirlscametotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.现在分词being作原因状语能增加句子的新颖性。Beingtiredandhungry,hecouldn’twalkfurther.过去分词作状语可以突出所表示的动作或状态。Absorbedinreading,hedidn’thearanything.不定式作目的状语可置于句中也可置于句首，在书面表达中经常出现。(Inorder)Tobeheardclearly,heraisedhisvoice.不定式作结果状语常表示动作出人意料。Hehurriedtotheschool,onlytofindnobodythere.“with+名词/代词+分词/形容词”作状语，表示某一动作的背景。Withthesunsettingdown,wewenthome.Witheverythingready,hewentoutforarest.“with+名词/代词+不定式”作状语，表示未来动作。Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tcometohelpyou.
“It+be+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.”结构是不定式的一个非常重要的句型，如果句中形容词可修饰sb.，可用of，否则用for。Itisverykindofyoutocometoseeme.ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.主从复合句包括定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）。1.定语从句定语从句的特点是：从句前面有个名词或代词（先行词），从句必须由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词有who,whom,which,that,as,它们在从句中做主语或宾语；whose在从句中做定语，whose后必须有一个名词。如whoseparents,whosetop等。关系副词有：when,where,why，在从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语。写作定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。有些人沉迷于网上冲浪，这对他们的身心健康有害。Somepeoplemaybeaddictedtonetsurfing.Itdoesharmtotheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Somepeoplemaybeaddictedtonetsurfing,whichdoesharmtotheirphysicalandmentalhealth.如图所示，雨下得很大。Itcanbeseeninthepicture.It’srainingveryhard.Aswecansee/Ascanbeseeninthepicture,it’srainingveryhard.不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。Childrenwillgainweightquickly.Theyarenotactiveortheirdietishighinfat.Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.在中国，一些城市的发展正逐渐被全世界意识到，而这些城市的数量正在增加。InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing.Theirdevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasingwhosedevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。
Oneofthemostseriousproblemscenters/focusesonthelackofadequatehousingspace.Manypeopletalkaboutit.Oneofthemostseriousproblemsthatmanypeopletalkaboutcenters\focusesonthelackofadequatehousingspace.他们来到一个里面似乎没有多少鱼的池塘边。Theycametoapond.Thereseemedtobefewfishinit.Theycametoapondinwhichthereseemedtobefewfish.另一边，在过去曾经是操场的地方现在矗立着另一栋楼—我们的图书馆。Ontheothersidenowstandsanotherbuilding—ourlibrary.Thereusedtobeaplaygroundontheotherside.Ontheotherside,wherethereusedtobeaplayground,nowstandsanotherbuilding—ourlibrary.她说她晚上的学习效率特高，因为那时候没有噪音干扰。Shesaidsheworkedwithhighefficiencyatnight.Therewasnotmuchnoisedisturbingheratnight.Shesaidsheworkedwithhighefficiencyatnight,whentherewasnotmuchnoisedisturbingher.1.状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。决定从属连词的是主从句的逻辑关系。我不会给你打电话，除非有意外事发生。Iwon’tcallyou,unlesssomethingunexpectedhappens.要是他的腿没有伤，他会赢了比赛。Ifhehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.流行音乐是社会的重要部分，它甚至影响了我们的语言。Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietythatithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.虽然我一点都不喜欢艺术，我对他的作品印象深刻。WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.
约翰和保罗进行野外研究大约要用五个月。要很长时间我们才能再见到他们。ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetthemagain.把你的钥匙留给邻居，以免哪天你把自己锁在门外。Leaveyourkeywithaneighborincaseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.只要你有自信，面试会成功的。Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.无论明天的天气怎样，我们的船将驶往澳门。Whatevertheweatherisliketomorrow,ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.虽然他们知道他的建议有价值，他们中许多人还是对此听而不闻。Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,eventhoughtheyknewittobevaluable.1.名词性从句名词性从句指由一个从句充当主句的主语、宾语、表语或同位语。引导名词性从句的连接词是根据从句部分所缺成分决定的。从句部分缺少主语、宾语或表语时，选择连接代词；从句缺少疑问状语时，选择疑问副词；从句部分只是陈述一个事实时，选择that。明天是汤姆的生日。你知道派对在哪儿举行吗？TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?重庆人民为他们在过去十年所取得的成就而自豪。PeopleinChongqingareproudofwhattheyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.我们开心玩的最后一次是当我们在参观WaterPark时。ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswhenwewerevisitingtheWaterPark.他告诉我，对她最重要的是她的家庭。Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.当被问及他们最需要什么时，孩子们说他们最需要感觉重要，感觉被关爱。Whenaskedwhattheyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.我们的运动员又赢得一块金牌这个消息在昨天的报纸上被报道了。Thenewsthatourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.
实战演练一、写作中常用的复合句句型在高考书面表达中，下列复合句的句型简洁而有用，正确运用能使作文增色不少。1.Itseemsthatsb.do/bedoing/havedone/haddone...似乎某人……ItseemedthathehadbeentoBeijingbefore.他好像以前去过北京。2.Itishightime/time/abouttime+that主语＋shoulddo/did+其它。（从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气）该某人做某事了。Itishightimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.我们该回家了。3.Itis/wassaid/reported＋that+从句据说/据报道……Itwassaidthatthisnovelwaswrittenbyhim.据说他写了这篇小说。4.Itis/was+表示时间的名词＋when+从句（注意本句型不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。）Itwas1999whenhecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.他从美国回来的时候是1999年。5.Itiswell-knownthat＋从句众所周知，……Itiswell-knownthatsheisalearnedwoman.众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女。6.It+谓语＋时间段＋before+主语＋谓语（before引导时间状语从句）过多长时间才……Itwillbethreehoursbeforehecomesback.三个小时之后他才能回来。7.Itis+（品质方面的）形容词＋of+sb.+todo…Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你真好，给我提供了帮助。8.Nomatterwhat/which/who/where/when/whose＋从句,主句…无论……Nomatterwhereyougo/Whereveryougo,pleaseletmeknow.你无论去哪儿，请告诉我。9.Solongas/Aslongas/Once+从句,＋主句（从句也可以放在主句之后）Aslongasyougivemeanymoney,Iwillletyougo.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。10.主句＋unless+从句…(由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定而不用否定。)Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.我明天要去那儿，除非下雨。11.Assoonas/Immediately/Directly/Instantly/Themoment/Theinstant/Theminute+从句，主句…一……就……MyfatherwentoutimmediatelyIgothome.我一到家，我父亲就出去了。
12.主句＋inorderthat/sothat+从句IgotupearlyinorderthatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。13.The+形容词比较级...,（主句）the+形容词比较级...Thesooneryoudoit,thebetteritwillbe.这件事你做得越早越好。二、真题再现简单句部分：从下列选自高考范文的句中，我们可以发现大量简单句应用在书面表达中，并且清楚地传达了作者的意图。叙述情况1.我领他们来到附近的公共汽车站。2.看起来他们似乎迷路了。3.他们非常感谢我的帮助。4.看着他们上了车，我有一种满足感。介绍人物1.我是李华，来自中国的一名中学生。2.我已经学了十年英语，能说流利的英语。3.此外，我能给来自其他国家的学生介绍中国，并了解其他国家。4.我希望成为夏令营的一员。5.作为高中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的学科。6.通过同他们交谈，我的英语水平提高了很多。7.最后，一些好的英文学习网站也有助于我的提高。描述景色1.阳光照耀，小鸟歌唱，公园充满春天的清新和美丽。表达观点1.这样的行为让我陷入深思。2.日常生活中，跟其他人的冲突很常见。3.他们太在乎输赢了。4.尤其在这个充满竞争和压力的社会，原谅和遗忘也是一种美德。5.我们应该多沟通，替别人着想，而不是互相责怪。6.另外一条建议就是给我们更多练习英语的机会。
数字说明1.关于这个问题，大家意见不同。2.百分之八十的学生喜欢校服。3.他们认为校服设计的好。4.其余的人对校服不感兴趣。5.三分之一的学生住的离学校近。6.一半多学生要花50分钟才能到学校。7.很少的人坐小汽车上学。8.2013年，这个城市将会有三百万辆汽车。9.他们每天花一个半小时做作业。10.他们学了一年多英语了。11.学生们花最多时间，共93分钟，做作业。12.只有10%的时间用在体育锻炼上。复合句部分分析下列来自2017高考范文的复合句，发现它们基本上都属于上述四种主从复合句。这些复合句表达了相对复杂的信息。1.你可以写任何相关的内容，只要有意思，能表达相关信息。2.我们还一起度过了一段有趣的时光，唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏等，我相信这样能让他们开心。3.我真的想采访他，因为他不仅是第一位登上太空的中国人，也是世界上伟大的宇航员。4.我想知道他在太空是什么感觉，太空旅游是否像我读过（的书中写）的那样有意思。5.如果你有兴趣，告诉我，我会给你更多信息。6.这个故事的寓意（moral）是我们应当尽全力获取知识，无论状况多么艰难，都不要轻易放弃。7.我对英语掌握很好，甚至曾经被选为英语老师的助理。8.我相信我能完全符合你们的期望。答案与解析：简单句部分：叙述情况
1.Iledthemtothenearbybusstop.2.Itseemedtheywerelost.3.Theyappreciatedmyhelpgreatly.4.Seeingthemonthebus,Ifeltakindofsatisfaction.介绍人物1.I’mLiHua,amiddleschoolstudentfromChina.2.I’vebeenlearningEnglishfor10years,andIspeakfluentEnglish.3.Whatismore,I’llbeabletotellstudentsfromothercountriesaboutChinaandlearnabouttheircountriesaswell.4.IhopeIwillbeacceptedasamemberofyoursummercamp.5.Asahighschoolstudent,IconsiderEnglishaveryimportantsubject.6.Bytalkingwiththem,myoralEnglishimprovedalot.7.Finally,somegoodEnglishstudywebsitescontributealottomyimprovement.描述景色1.Theparkwasfulloffreshnessandbeautyofspring,withthesunshiningandbirdssinging.表达观点1.Suchbehaviorleftmedeepinthought.2.Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife.3.Theycaredtoomuchaboutwinningandlosing.4.Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.5.Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.6.Anothersuggestionistogiveusmorechancestopracticespeaking.数字说明1.Opinionsaredividedabout/ontheproblem.2.Eightypercentofthestudentslikeschooluniforms.3.Theythinktheuniformsarewelldesigned.4.Therestarenotinterestedinschooluniforms.5.Onethirdofthestudentsliveneartheirschool.6.Morethanhalfofthestudentsspend50minutesonthewaytoschool.7.Fewofthemgotoschoolbycar.
8.Therewillbe3millioncarsinthecityin2013.9.Ittakesthemanhourandahalftodotheirhomeworkeveryday.10.TheyhavelearnedEnglishformorethanayear.11.Thestudentsputthemosttime－93minutes－intotheirhomework.12.Only10%ofthetimeistakenupwithsportsactivities.复合句部分：1.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit’sinterestingandinformative.2.We’llalsospendsomefuntimetogethersinging,dancingandplayinggames,whichwehopewillmakethemhappy.3.IwouldreallyliketointerviewhimbecauseheisnotonlythefirstChinesetogotospacebutalsooneofthegreatestastronautsintheworld.4.IwouldalsoliketoknowhowhefeltinspaceandwhetherspacetravelissuchgreatfunasIhaveread.5.Ifyouareinterestedinit,letmeknowandI’llsendyoumoreinformation.6.Themoralofthestoryisthatweshouldsparenoefforttoacquireknowledgeandnevergetdiscouragedeasilynomatterhowdifficultthesituationmaybe.7.IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.8.IamsurethatIcanperfectlyliveuptoyourexpectations.巩固训练一、根据提示完成句子1.___________________(据报道)thetaxidriveraswellasthethreeboys_________(cross)thestreet______________(应该承担责任)thetrafficaccidentlastnight.2.Inthetent,thereweremanypoorstudentsfromtheearthquakestrickenarea,______________________________________________________________(年龄不等)10to20.(vary)3.Hewenttothefrontdoor,whilehisfriendswerefollowinghim.=Hewenttothefrontdoor,________________________________________.4.Onlybyhardworking(我们才能让他们相信)ourinnocence.(convince)5.Hewassoangrywithhimselffor___________________________（犯了个如此愚蠢的错误）.6.They___________________(很精通)Englishbutlittle_______________（他们懂得）German.
7.Itwasatthechurch_________________（我领你参观的）lastweekend_______theaccidenttookplace.8.WhilewatchingTitanic,mostpeople_______________________________(禁不住哭起来）whenit__________(当提到)thesceneinwhichJacksavesthelifeofthegirlbutdiesinicywaterhimself.9.Theboy___________________(很有天赋)musicandhe______________________(很有可能)amusician.10.____________________________(完成)myhomework,Iwentouttoplaywithmyfriends.=Myhomework__________________________,Iwentouttoplaywithmyfriends.11.___________________(很明显)cagedanimals_________（已经习惯了生活）withhumans.12.____________________（如果消防队员没到）intime,thefactorywouldnothavebeensaved.13.Theyoungmanwassittingunderthetreewith_________（他们的眼睛看着）theapple.14.Notuntiltheteacherexplaineditagain_________________（我们才理解）thesentence.15.尽管被困在塌方的煤矿里超过70小时，他们依靠吃报纸幸存下来了。_____________________inthecollapsedcoalmineformorethan70hours,onlybyeatingnewspapers______________________.16.______________________(多给与关注),thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.17.______________________(我突然想到)Ihadleftmycellphonebehindatthebookstore.18.Don’tbetoorudetoyourfather.Neverinhislife__________________(对他说话)inthatwayuptonow.19._____________________________________________(他似乎不适合)fitforthejob,and________________________(他所需要的)ismoreexperience.20.Somespeciesofanimalshavebecomeextinctbecausethey___________________________(不能适应)thechangingenvironment.二、把意思有关联的简单句合并成恰当的复合句。定语从句1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown.Hegrewupasachildinthesmalltown.2.Youwillhavesomesparetime.YoucanlearnFrenchathomeduringthesparetime.3.Thatisthegirl.Thegirl’sfatherhasjustbeentalkedabout.4.Weoftenthinkofthehappiestdays.Wespenttogetherthedaysontheisland.5.Thereisamysteriousdarklake.Thedepthofthelakehasneverbeenmeasured.名词从句
1.Howwillthebooksell?Itdependsonitsauthor.2.What’syourquestion?WhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation?3.I’mnotsure.Whydidsherefusetheirinvitation?4.Whatremainsunknown?Whenaretheygoingtogetmarried?5.Istheplanisfeasible?Itremainstobeproved.状语从句1.Youcallmetosayyou’renotcoming.I’llseeyouatthetheatre.2.Severalweekshadgoneby.Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing.3.Thehousecouldfalldownsoon.Noonedoessomequickrepairwork.4.Thesituationisdangerous.Thereisstillonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.5.Thestoryisamusing.Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.三、写作练习90后出生的学生行为方式和价值观令人担忧。假如你是90后出生的学生，请根据下表中所提供的信息以”Dotrustus—agenerationborninthe90s”为题写一篇英语演讲稿，以消除人们的忧虑。90后的境遇：面临更多的升学和就业烦恼，所处环境竞争更加激烈。人们的忧虑：1.注重自我，轻视合作，2.缺乏毅力，容易气馁，…3.盲目追求，渴望成名，…我们的长处：敢于挑战，……(请联系自己拟定内容，再列举两至三点)注意：1、对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2、词数在120左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。Goodafternoon,everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“Dotrustus—agenerationlivinginanenvironment_____________________________.We,agenerationborninthe90s,arefacedwithmoreproblemsinenteringhigherschoolsandgettingemployed.Underthesecircumstances,wearedevelopingourspecialmannersandvalues,whichhasraisedpeople’sconcern.____________________(他们担心)wecaretoomuchaboutourselvesand___________________others,whichmakesithardforusto_____________________(获得成功)inwhateverwedo.Besides,theyconsiderus
as_______________________(缺乏决心),andthisis___________ittakestodoanyjobwell.Withoutit,wemayeasilygiveup______________________(面临困难的时候).Theyarealsoconcernedthatnotonly__________soeagertowininstantfame,butalsowefollowfashionblindly,_____________willinturnruinourvaluesandfuture.However,we,agenerationborninthe90s,haveourownadvantages_________________(尽管)someweaknesses.Firstly,wehavethecouragetotakechallengesandrisks,whichhelps______________________(实现我们的梦想).Inaddition,wearequick-mindedandcreative.Wecandoourworkmoreefficiently.Yet,westillneedtolearnmorefromthoseexperienced.Pleasedotrustus!Thankyouforyourlistening!答案与解析一、根据提示完成句子1.Itwasreportedthat,crossing,wastoblamefor2.whoseagesvariedfrom3.(with)hisfriendsfollowinghim4.canweconvincethemof5.makingsuchastupidmistake/makingsostupidamistake6.haveagoodcommand/knowledgeof,dotheyknow7.(that/which)Ishowedyouaround,that8.couldn’thelpcrying,cameto9.hasagreatgiftfor,ismostlikelytobecome/hasthegreatpotentialtobecome10.Havingfinished,finished/havingbeenfinished,11.Itisclear/obvious(that);havebeenaccustomedtoliving.12.Suppose/supposingthefirefightershadn’tarrived13.hiseyesfixedon/upon14.didwemakesenseof/understand15.Havingbeentrapped;didtheysurvived16.Givenmoreattention／Ifgivenmoreattention/Iftheyhadbeengivemoreattention17.It(suddenly)occurredtomethat
18.hashebeenspokento19.Itseemsthatheisnot/heseemsnotto,andwhathecallsfor20.couldnotadapt(themselves)to二、把意思有关联的简单句合并成恰当的复合句。定语从句1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.2.YouwillhavesomesparetimeduringwhichyoucanlearnFrenchathome.3.Thatisthegirlwhosefatherhasjustbeentalkedabout.4.Weoftenthinkofthehappiestdayswhichwespenttogetherontheisland.5.Thereisamysteriousdarklake,whosedepthhasneverbeenmeasured.名词从句1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.2.MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.3.I’mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.4.Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.5.Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.状语从句1.Unlessyoucallmetosayyou’renotcomingI’llseeyouatthetheatre.2.SeveralweekshadgonebybeforeIrealizedthepaintingwasmissing.3.Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoonedoessomequickrepairwork.4.Thoughthesituationisdangerous,thereisstillonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.5.Nomatterhowamusinghestoryis,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.三、写作练习Goodafternoon,everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“Dotrustus—agenerationborninLivinginanenvironmentfullofstrongcompetition.We,agenerationborninthe90s,arefacedwithmoreproblemsinenteringhigherschoolsandgettingemployed.Underthesecircumstances,wearedevelopingourspecialmannersandvalues,whichhasraisedpeople’sconcern.Theyworrywecaretoomuchaboutourselvesandareunwillingtocooperatewithothers,whichmakesithardforustoachievesuccessinwhateverwedo.Besides,theyconsiderusaslackingindetermination,andthisiswhatittakestodoanyjobwell.Withoutit,wemayeasilygiveupintimeofdifficulty.Theyarealsoconcerned
thatnotonlyarewesoeagertowininstantfame,butwefollowfashionblindly,whichwillinturnruinourvaluesandfuture.However,we,agenerationborninthe90s,haveourownadvantagesdespite/inspiteofsomeweaknesses.Firstly,wehavethecouragetotakechallengesandrisks,,whichhelpsrealizeourdreams.Inaddition,wearequick-mindedandcreative.Wecandoourworkmoreefficiently.Yet,westillneedtolearnmorefromthoseexperienced.Pleasedotrustus!Thankyouforyourlistening!综合能力训练Ⅰ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WheneveranyoneasksmewheremyfavoriteplaceinChinais,IsayDaliwithouthesitation.Dali,___61___(surround)bymountainsforhikingandlakesforbicyclingaround,isthekindofplacethateveryonelikes.LastyearImetacoupleofyoungstudentsI’dknown___62___ItravelledtoDali,andweagreed____63____(cycle)alongthelakeinasmalltownoutsideofDali.Thelake___64___(it)wasprettyeasytocyclearound,___65___flatpathspassingthroughalotoflittlevillages.Whilecycling,awomanrecommendedanhour-longboatrideforabout40RMBeach--abitexpensivebut___66___adventurewefeltlikehaving,sowepaidforit.Inabout20minuteswewitnessedin___67___(excite)howafishermanfishedwithhisfishingbirds.Astringwastiedaroundeachbird’snecksothatwhenitdivedforfish,itwasunabletoswallowthem.Thebirds___68___(give)afishaspaymentfortheirserviceafterthefishermanhadasatisfactorycatch.I’d___69___(previous)readaboutthisfishingmethod,butitwasprettyexcitingtoseefirst-hand.Thedayfinishedwithabrilliantsunset,___70___Iclimbedontoarooftogetaphotoof.【答案】61.surrounded62.before63.tocycle64.itself65.with66an67.excitement68.weregiven69.previously70.which【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者自己和几个朋友欣赏一起骑行欣赏大理美景的经历。【61题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的谓语，故surround应是非谓语，又因为Dali和surround是动宾关系，故填surrounded。【62题详解】
考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：去年，我遇到了几个年轻的学生，他们是我去大理之前认识的。在结合下文可知这些学生是“我”在去大理之前就认识了，故填before。【63题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们同意骑车沿着大理城外一个小镇的湖边走。结合句义可知，agreetodo同意做某事，故填tocycle。【64题详解】考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处做thelake的同位语，故填itself。【65题详解】考查with的独立主格结构。句意：我们同意骑车沿着大理城外一个小镇的湖边走。分析句子结构可知，_____flatpathspassing符合with+n.+doing结构，再结合语义，故填with。【66题详解】考查冠词。句意：在骑车的时候，一位女士推荐了一小时的船游，每人40元左右——虽然有点贵，但我们很喜欢冒险，所以我们付了钱。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再结合句意可知，adventure在此处表示泛指，又是元音开头，故填an。【67题详解】考查词型变化。分析句子结构可知，in后填名词，故填excitement。【68题详解】考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，又因为thebirds是give的受动者，故填weregiven。【69题详解】考查词型变化。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰read，做状语，故填previously。【70题详解】考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，abrilliantsunset是先行词，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中做of的宾语，故填which。Ⅱ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。 WehadaschooltriponlastSunday.Hundredsofustookpartinitexcited.At8:00am,wesetoutforthetopofJiuhuangMountaininhighspirits.Allthewaywewerechatting,singingandlaughing,enjoyedthefreshairandthebeautifulsceneries.Whensomeonefallbehind,otherswouldcomeorofferhelp.About2hourslater,weallreachedthetop.Seeingfromthere,theriverbelowlookedlikeathinbelt.Wewereveryhappythatwejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.Theactivitybenefitedusalot.Notonlydidwegetclosetonature,butalsowerelaxedmyself.Whatwonderfultime!答案： WehadaschooltriponlastSunday.Hundredsofustookpartinit.At8:00am,wesetoutforthetopofJiuhuangMountaininhighspirits.Allthewaywewerechatting,singingandlaughing,thefreshairandthebeautiful.Whensomeonebehind,otherswouldcomeofferhelp.About2hourslater,weallreachedthetop.fromthere,theriverbelowlookedlikeathinbelt.Wewerehappythatwejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.Theactivitybenefitedusalot.Notonlydidwegetclosetonature,butalsowerelaxed.Whatwonderfultime!Ⅱ.书面表达假定你是李华,市电视台将举办《中国诗词大赛》(ChinesePoetryContest)国际友人专场,你想邀请对中国文化感兴趣的外教老师Adam一同观赛。请给他写一封信,内容包括:1.时间:下周五晚六点半;2.地点:市民中心;3.诗词比赛的意义。注意：1.词数100左右：2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：DearAdam,KnowingthatyoutakeagreatinterestinChineseculture,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendChinesePoetryContestforforeignerstobeheldbythecityTVstationat6:30pmnextFridayattheCitizenCenter.SimilarcontestsarewatchedbymanypeopleinChinaasancientChinesecultureisregainingpopularitythesedays.Also,thewisdomdeliveredthroughChineseclassicpoemscanberatherimpressiveandhelpfulforthelearnersoftheChineselanguage.ItwillbearatherunforgettablenightandIsincerelyhopeyoucouldcomewithme.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply!Yours,LiHua
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