UNIT1 CulturalHeritageA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AListedasaWorldCulturalHeritagein2008,tulouorearthenbuildingsareuniqueruraldwellings(住宅)inthe1.________(mountain)areaineastChina'sFujianProvince.Thebuildings2.________(appear)intheSongandYuandynasties,andtook3.________(they)currentshapesintheMingandQingdynasties.SomeoftheHakkaandHoklopeoplestillliveinthetulou.Thebuildingswere4.________(original)forHakkafamiliestolivetogetheranddefend5.________theinvaders.Theyevolvedfromlocalmountaincamps,mostof6.________tookacircularstructure.MostoftheearthenbuildingshavebeendevelopedsinceitwasputontheList,andthenumberoftourists7.________(rise)dramatically.LinJianweniscurrentlythesixthgenerationownerofZhenchengBuilding8.________(build)in1912.Linwentbackhomeandinheritedthebuilding,turningitintoahomestayhotel.Inpeaktime,thereare200peoplefrom27families9.________(live)init.Heruns10.________businesswithhisfamilyandtakesgoodcareofthevisitors.WelcomingtouristsfromallovertheworldmakesLin'slifemorecolourfulinthevillage.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在2008年被收录到世界文化遗产的福建土楼。1.mountainous 考查形容词。分析句子可知，area为名词，修饰名词要用形容词形式，故填mountainous。2.appeared 考查时态。讲述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。3.their 考查代词。下文的“currentshapes”为名词短语，要用形容词性物主代词修饰。4.originally 考查副词。所填的词修饰动词“live”和“defend”，所以用副词形式，故填originally。5.against 考查固定搭配。句意：这些建筑最初是为了客家人的共同居住和抵御侵略者而建造的。defendagainst意为“保卫；抵抗；抵御；防御”。6.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为“of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是camps，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，故填which。7.hasrisen 考查时态。主语是“thenumberof＋名词复数形式”时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，结合时间状语“sinceitwasputontheList”可知，此处要用现在完成时。8.built 考查非谓语动词。ZhenchengBuilding和build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。9.living 考查非谓语动词。现在分词修饰主动的、正在进行的动作，这里相当于whoareliving，故填living。10.the 考查冠词。此处用thebusiness代指上文的homestayhotel。故填the。
BNearthetownofMontignacinSouthernFrance,visitorscanfindsomeofthemostbeautifulcavepaintingsintheworld—theLascauxCavePaintings(拉斯科洞窟壁画)．Thehistoryofthesepaintingsisveryinteresting.Mostcavesareformed1.________natureundertheground,butsomehaveentrancespeoplecanfind.That'sjustwhathappenedonedayin1940.Fourboysweretaking2.________walkinthewoodsnearMontignac.Astheywalkedalong,oneofthemnoticedanunusualrock.3.________theygotcloser,theyfounditwasn'tarockbutanopeningintheground.Thisopeningledtoacave,sotheydecidedtohavealookaroundit.Thewallsofthecave4.________(cover)withancientart.Theboysdidn'tknowit,butthecavewasthefindofthecentury!Overtheyears,manyhistoriansandartistscametostudytheart.Theywantedtounderstandwhopaintedthepicturesand5.________theymightmean.TheysoonrealisedsomeoftheartindicatedanimalsthatwereonEarthalongtimeago.Manyofthepicturesalsoshowedpeople6.________(follow)animalsandtryingtokillthemforfood.Intheend,historiansagreedthatthiswaslikelytobetheartofacivilisationthatexistedover15,000yearsago.By1950,overathousandpeoplefromallovertheworldwerevisitingthecaveeveryday.Butby1955,thepaintingswerebeginningtobecomedifficult7.________(see).Manypeoplewerepassingthroughthecave,sothepaintingswerelosingtheircolour.8.________(sad),peoplecannolongervisitthecave.However,anothersetofcavepaintingshasbeencreated.These9.________(painting)lookexactlythesameastheLascauxCavePaintings.People10.________(make)thepaintingssothateveryonecanstilllearnaboutthisgreatancientcivilisation.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了法国南部蒙提涅克镇附近的一些世界上最美的洞窟壁画——拉斯科洞窟壁画。1.by 考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示“被……”，所以填by。2.a 考查冠词。takeawalk“散步”。3.When/As 考查连词。句意：当他们走近时，才发现那是个地洞而不是岩石。此处是时间状语从句，所以填When/As。4.werecovered 考查时态和语态。墙壁被画所覆盖，而且发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。5.what 考查名词性从句。understand是及物动词，后面的句子是两个并列的宾语从句。连接词在从句中作宾语，所以填what。6.(were)following 考查非谓语动词。此处填following和后面trying并列。也可看作是从句，用过去进行时。7.tosee 考查非谓语动词。此处符合be/become＋形容词＋todo结构。所以用动词不定式。8.Sadly 考查副词。所填的词修饰整个句子，应该用副词。
9.paintings 考查名词复数。painting是可数名词，根据前面的these可知要用复数形式。10.(have)made 考查时态。仿制壁画是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。因为已经对现在产生了影响，所以还可以考虑现在完成时。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。(as)Theairqualityinthecity,as_is_shown_in_the_report,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.2.自然资源有限，我们应采取行动保护资源不被浪费。(preserve)Withthelimitednaturalresources,weshouldtakeactiontopreserve_them_from_being_wasted.3.工人们不仅想增加工资，而且还想减少工作时间。Not_only_do_the_workers_want_to_increase_their_pay,buttheyalsowanttoreduceworkinghours.4.据说这个有导演天赋的男人是一个著名的导演。(it作形式主语)It_is_said_thattheman,whohasagiftfordirectingfilms,isafamousdirector.5.参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。(takepartin)Taking_part_in_the_English_speech_competitionisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AWelcometoWindsorCastle,theoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworld.Windsorisoneoftheofficialresidences(住所)oftheQueen,whosometimesstayshere.AudiotoursFreeaudiotoursareavailableonleavingtheAdmissionCentreatthestartofyourvisit.Thereisadescriptiveaudiotourforblindandpoorsightedvisitors.GuidedtoursVisitorscanexplorethehistoryoftheCastlethroughatourofthePrecinctswithanexpertguide.ToursdepartatregularintervalsthroughoutthedayfromtheCourtyardandfinishattheentrancetotheStateApartments.VisitorswithchildrenForthosevisitingwithchildren,aspecialfamilytourandvariousactivitiesareofferedduringschoolholidaysandatweekends.Pleasenotethat,forsafereasons,pushchairsarenotpermittedintheStateApartments.However,babycarriersareavailabletoborrow.StGeorge'sChapel(小教堂)VisitorsarrivingattheCastleafter15:00fromMarchtoOctoberareadvisedtovisitStGeorge'sChapelfirstbeforeitcloses.ShoppingShopsofferawiderangeofsouvenirsdesignedfortheRoyalCollection,includingbooks,
postcards,china,jewellery,andchildren'stoys.PleaseaskattheMiddleWardshopaboutourhomedeliveryservice.Refreshments(点心)BottledwatercanbepurchasedfromtheCourtyardandMiddleWardshops.FromApriltoSeptembericecreamisalsoavailable.VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshmentsinthetownmayobtainreentrypermitsfromthecastleshops.EatinganddrinkingarenotpermittedintheStateApartmentsorStGeorge'sChapel.PhotographyandmobilephonesNoncommercialphotographyandfilmingarewelcomedintheCastle.Photography,videorecordingandfilmingarenotpermittedinsidetheStateApartmentsorStGeorge'sChapelinconsiderationofothervisitors.SecurityAsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairportstylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaonewaysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.1.Whatisspeciallyofferedtovisitorswithkids?A.Afreetoy.B.Apushchair.C.Ababycarrier.D.Asecurityguard.2.Whomaygetreentrypermits?A.Visitorsbuyinggiftsinthecastleshops.B.VisitorswishingtoeatoutsidetheCastle.C.VisitorsbuyingwaterfromtheCourtyard.D.VisitorseatingoutsideStGeorge'sChapel.3.Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?A.Anotice.B.Anadvertisement.C.Atourreview.D.Anofficialreport.【语篇解读】本文是一则广告。文章介绍了世界上历史最悠久、规模最大的尚在使用的城堡——温莎城堡。文中从旅程、购物、安保等方面介绍了来温莎城堡旅游的相关细节。1.C 细节理解题。根据Visitorswithchildren部分中的“babycarriersareavailabletoborrow”可以得知带婴幼儿的游客可以借一个婴儿车。故选C。2.B 细节理解题。根据Refreshments(点心)部分中的“VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshmentsinthetownmayobtainthereentrypermitsfromthecastleshops.”可知，想要在城堡外面就餐的人可以获得再次进入城堡的权利。故选B。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文中以黑体、大写等方式加以提示的购物、就餐等文字判断，材料是一则广告。故选B。B(2020·山东青岛4月模拟)Hybridcarsarecarsthatrunonbothpetrolandelectricity.Theyeachhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabatteryandanelectricmotortoprovideelectricalpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars,butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol,andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired,forexamplewhengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded,forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights,keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestocopewithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Mostofthetime,thishighenginecapacityisnotneeded,buttheenginecontinuesburningupfuel.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines，boostedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded,sotheyuselesspetrol.Hybridcarsarealsolighterandaerodynamically(空气动力学地)designedforgreaterfuelefficiency.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerativebraking(刹车)”.Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbytheslowingcaristransformedintoelectricalpower,whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect,thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenthecarsarebrakingiswasted.Carmanufacturersandengineershavebeenexperimentingwithelectricandhybridcarssincethelate19thcentury.In1898FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcarthatusedbothaninternalburningengineandelectricmotors.Thefirstmassproducedhybridcar,theToyotaPrius,cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However,hybridcarsbecameavailableintheUSAonlyin1999,whentheHondaInsightwentonsale.Astheyuselessfuel,hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyinitiativesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries,hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收费公路).Insomecitiesaroundtheworld,hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Hybridcarsdon'tneedpetrolanymore.B.Thepetrolengineandtheelectricmotorworkalltheway.C.Hybridcarsmainlydependonelectricalpowertorun.D.Somehybridcarpetrolengineswillquitwhenunnecessary.5.WhichisNOTthereasonwhyhybridcarsconsumelessenergy?A.Smallerpetrolengines.
B.Scientificdesign.C.Conventionalbrakes.D.Energystorage.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Hybridcarsarecheapertobuy.B.Hybridcarownersdon'thavetopaytax.C.Hybridcarownersdon'tneedtopaytheparkingfee.D.Hybridcarswillhaveabrightfuture.7.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toadvertisehybridcars.B.Tointroducehybridcars.C.Tocompareconventionalcarsandhybridcars.D.Toinformthedevelopmentofhybridcars.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了混合动力汽车的工作原理、优势和发展前景。4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded”可知，在一些混合动力汽车中，当不需要时，汽油发动机会自动关闭。故选D。5.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystem...Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.”可知，传统的刹车并不能减少能量消耗。故选C。6.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“cheapertorun...encouragepeopletobuy...ownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收费公路)...hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree”可知，很多优惠政策都倾向混合动力汽车，由此可以推测，混合动力汽车前景光明。7.B 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章内容主要围绕混合动力汽车展开，介绍了它们的优势和前景等。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空MelbourneGirls'Collegeisgettingridofalldustbinsandaskingstudentstotaketheirrubbishhometoencouragethemtomovetowardszerowaste.StartingnextMonday,thecollegewillgradually1alltherubbishbinsinfiveweeksinclassroomsandtheyard,21,400studentsand140stafftofindtheirownhomeforchippacketsandjuiceboxes.Volunteerstudentswill3dailynoncompulsoryfoodinspectionsinwhichchildrenbringing“zerowaste”lunchboxeswillbe4.Studentsusingonly5packagingwillreceiveatoken(礼券)towinprizessuchasKeepCups.Therubbishthatstudentstakehomemaystillgotolandfills(废物填埋场)viatheirhomebins,
6thenewpolicywillhelppersuade7tobuyfewerpackageditemsandreusecontainers.Mostissuesaroundcarryingrubbishhome,suchassmellandmess,canbesolved.8tuna(金枪鱼)inatin,forexample,can9theschool'scompost(堆肥)binandthetincanbe10beforeit'stakenhome.ThecollegeprincipalKarenMoneyacknowledgesthatsomeparentsmaynothavethetimeormeanstoavoid11insingleusepackaging,“butit's12togetasmanypeopleaswecantoavoidit.Wetalkalot,13educators,aboutthebadproblemstheworld14，andifwedon'tstartputtingsomeactions15thatbeautifulidea,thenit'sjustempty.”1.A.replace B.washC.cleanD.remove2.A.provingB.leavingC.promisingD.allowing3.A.receiveB.forbidC.admitD.conduct4.A.rewardedB.advisedC.changedD.protected5.A.creativeB.usualC.reusableD.plastic6.A.soB.butC.thenD.though7.A.teachersB.staffC.familiesD.classmates8.A.UneatenB.UncookedC.UncoveredD.Unbroken9.A.breakdownB.breakthroughC.getthroughD.gointo10.A.returnedB.washedC.reusedD.spared11.A.foodsB.clothesC.drinksD.tools12.A.keepingB.dreamingC.stoppingD.trying13.A.forB.toC.asD.with14.A.solvesB.showsC.facesD.follows15.A.aheadofB.behind
C.uponD.beyond【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了墨尔本女子学院正在移除所有垃圾箱，并要求学生们把垃圾带回家，以鼓励她们朝着零浪费的方向发展。1.D 由上文“askingstudentstotaketheirrubbishhometoencouragethemtomovetowardszerowaste”可知，此处指移除教室和校园内的垃圾箱。故选D。2.B 句意：……让1400名学生和140名工作人员在自己家里寻找薯条袋和果汁盒。由上文内容可知，此处用leaving。故选B。3.D 句意：学生志愿者每天将进行非强制性的食物检查，携带“零浪费”午餐盒的儿童将获得奖励。由下文中的“inspections”可知，此处指进行检查。故选D。4.A 句意同上。由后面的“winprizes”可知，此处指奖励。故选A。5.C 句意：只使用可重复使用的包装的学生将获得礼品券，如KeepCup咖啡杯。由下文“buyfewerpackageditemsandreusecontainers”可知，此处指可重复使用的包装。故选C。6.B 句意：学生带回家的垃圾仍然可以通过他们家的垃圾箱到达填埋场，但新政策将有助于说服家庭成员购买具有更少包装的物品和可重复使用容器。根据句意可知，此处两个分句之间是转折关系，应用连词but。故选B。7.C 句意同上。由上文中的“takehome”和“viatheirhomebins”可知，此处指说服家庭。故选C。8.A 句意：例如，罐头瓶里吃剩的金枪鱼，可以放进学校的堆肥箱，罐头瓶可以在被带回家之前清洗干净。uneaten意为“吃剩下的；未吃的”，此处为吃剩的意思。故选A。9.D 句意同上。根据语境可知，此处指放进堆肥箱。故选D。10.B 句意同上。由语境及常识可知，罐头里的未食用金枪鱼，放进堆肥箱后，罐头要清洗干净才能带回家。故选B。11.A 由语境可知，此处指一次性包装的食品。故选A。12.D 由上文中的“maynothavethetimeormeanstoavoid”可知，此处指试图让尽可能多的人来避免。故选D。13.C 由上文中的“Thecollegeprincipal”及语境可知，此处指作为教育工作者。故选C。14.C 由上文中的“thebadproblemstheworld”可知，此处用face，意为“世界面临的坏问题”。故选C。15.B 由句意及语境常识可知，提出某种想法之后采取一些行动。故选B。
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