题型一：阅读理解专题04：史地常识类题量要求：（45分钟）Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.ReadinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecan
definitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.1.Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans__________.A.theturningpointinourhistoryB.thepresentstateofournationC.thelocationofourhomelandD.thetotalareaofourcountry2.Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A.Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B.Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C.Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D.Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.3.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A.Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.4.WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A.CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.B.OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C.readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.D.studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB.WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC.KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizons【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.D5.B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1.猜测词义题。根据上句learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的wherewearetoday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures和Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据第五段标题是Historycaninspireustolearnmore:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读OliverTwist的例子,通过OliverTwist我们能去了解作者CharlesDickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能概括全文内容。故选B。Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.AndneitherwastheRomansubwaysystem.Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewoodenfoundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.SolocalarchaeologistscalledinMauroBernabeioftheNationalResearchCouncilofItaly.He'sadendrochronologist:someonewhoanalyzestreerings,whichgiveageandenvironmentalinformation.
"Wehavetostudywoodbecauseit'sfull,reallyfull,ofinformation!"Bernabeiandhisteamfoundthatthewoodenplankswereoak(橡木).Butthewood'soriginwashardertodetermine.Sotheycomparedthetreeringsintheoakfloortothoseavailableinlibrariesoftreeringsthatcontaintimberfrom alloverEurope.AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.Theresearchersalsodeterminedthatitwasusedinabout40to60B．C．Andsomecamefromtreesalreadyupto300yearsoldwhentheywerecutdown.ThedetailsareinthejournalPLOSONE.ThediscoveryisthefirstclearevidenceofoakfromnorthoftheAlpsbeingusedtobuildancientRome.Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.Thesetrees,forexample,likelyfloateddowntworivers,acrosstheMediterraneanandupanotherrivertoRome.BernabeisaysRomanarchaeologistsusuallydestroyancientwood—it'snotasvaluableasjewelryandvasesandfrescos.Buthe'shopingthisstudymightchangetheirminds."Savethewood,yes!Andcallme,ifyoudon'twanttosave—please,callme!"Hesays.1．WhydoesthesubwayinRomegoslowly?A．ItishardtodiguptheearthinRome.B．Therearemanyancientruinsburiedhere.C．ItisverydangeroustoworktoofastinRomeD．TheRomanarenotexperiencedinbuildingsubways2．Whatcanpeoplelearnfromthewoodfoundations?A．ThewealthinancientRomeB．ThetradinginformationofancientRomeC．ThecultureofancientRomeD．ThesocialrelationsofancientRome
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?A．ThestoneB．ThesubwayC．TheFrenchwoodD．TheRomanfoundation4．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．ScientistsfoundsomeinformationaboutancientRomeB．WoodwasnotasvaluableasstonesinancientRomeC．OnlytherichpeopleinancientRomecouldusewoodD．AncientRomecouldhavearichtradingnetwork.【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．A【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.”（地下工程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextrading
network.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.”可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人员还确定，在法国发现的这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法国木材，故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewoodenfoundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.”（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段“Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选A。TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.ThefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJonson’sEveryManoutofHisHumour—withitsfirstscenewelcomingthe“graciousandkindspectators”—attheendoftheyear.On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.Accordingtooneofthefewsurvivingdocumentsoftheevent,noonewashurtexceptamanwhoseburningbreeches(炮后膛)wereputoutwithabottleofale.Itwasrebuiltinthefollowingyear.
LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare’sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.Itisanacademicapproximationoftheoriginaldesign,basedonavailableevidenceofthe1599and1614buildings,andislocatedapproximately750feet(230m)fromthesiteoftheoriginaltheatre.5．HowdidtheGlobeTheatrebegintobeonfireon29June1613?A．Itwassetfiretobyaperformerbydesign.B．Itcaughtfirebyaccidentduringaplay.C．Amanputoutbreecheswithabottleofale.D．Itwasstartedbywoodenbeamsandstraws.6．Inwhatorderisthetextarranged?A．TimeB．SpaceC．ImportanceD．Flashback7．AccordingtothepassagealltheplayswereperformedintheGlobeTheatreEXCEPT________.A．JamesBurbage.B．EveryManoutofHisHumourC．HenryVIII.D．HenryV8．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．ThepopularityoftheGlobeTheatre.B．TheconstructionoftheGlobeTheatre.C．ThefunctionoftheGlobeTheatre.D．ThehistoryoftheGlobeTheatre.
【答案】5．B6．A7．A8．D【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章按时间顺序介绍了英国环球剧院的历史。5．细节理解题。由第二段中的“On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.”（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。一支戏剧用的枪，在演出中引爆，没有打出子弹，烧了木梁和稻草）可知，环球剧院是在一场戏中因为枪走火了才意外着火了。故选B项。6．推理判断题。由第一段中的“TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由RichardBurbage的父亲JamesBurbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了），第三段中的“LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间）以及最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named
“Shakespeare’sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》），结合时间状语可知，文章是按时间顺序发展的。故选A项。7．细节理解题。由第一段中的“ThefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJonson’sEveryManoutofHisHumour”（第一个保持稳定记录的表演是琼森的《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》），第二段中的“On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。）和最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare’sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》。），可知环球剧院上演过《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》，JamesBurbage不是戏剧，并未在环球剧院演出。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由RichardBurbage的父亲JamesBurbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。），第三段中的“LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforother
buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年被拆除的，或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间。），最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare’sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》）可知，文章按时间顺序介绍了环球剧院的历史。故选D项。TheVictorians’WayofHavingFunWhetheritwasvisitingahumanzoo,takingabullonahot-airballoonride,orsingingbeautifulsongs,VictorianLondonerslovedtohavefun.Asperformancemanagerscameupwithincreasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthecapital’shugepotentialaudience,Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleisureindustry–includingthemeparks,pubsandprofessionalfootball.AsanewbookbyhistorianLeeJacksonexplains,thehuntforprofitinvolvessurroundingmorality,classandempire.SowheredidVictoriansgoforfun?Andwhatstillexiststoday?DancingRooms:ArgyllRooms,PiccadillyIt’snowabuildingsitenearLeicesterSquare,butwhentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein1878,therewasariot(暴乱).Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavouriteplacethattheytooktothestreets.TheArgyllclosedasthedancecrazecametoanend,andBignellturnedthespaceintotheTrocaderomusichall.Itkeptthatnamethroughthe20thcenturywhenitwastransformedintooneofLondon’smosttastelesstouristattractions.Thesitecurrentlyawaitsdevelopmentintoahotel.Pleasuregardens:GremorneGardens,ChelseaGremornewasrunbythreeWestEndpubowners,popularamongtheyoungpeoplethen.Itclosedin1877afterlosingitslicence.Pleasuregardensmoregenerallylosttheirmeaningofexistencewiththeestablishmentofpublicparks.London’srapidgrowthmeantthevaluablelandwasusuallysoldtobigcompaniesforotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon’sgreatpleasuregardensremain.PleasuregardenswerealsoovershadowedbylargerexhibitiongroundssuchastheCrystalPalace,whichtriedtofindawayofbalancingentertainmentwithculturaleducation.Little
physicallyremainsoftheCrystalPalaceitself,whichmovedtoSydenhamfromHydeParkin1854,butthegrand200-acregroundsstillexistasapublicpark.OnthesiteoftheMethodistCentralHallwasashort-livedattractionthatattemptedtotransporttheseasidetocentralLondon.ItwasrailwaysthatmadeMargateandSouthendaccessibletoLondoners,andsomeoftheleisureactivitiespeculiartotheseasidesoonmadeitbacktothecapital.Footballgrounds:CravenCottage,StevenageRoad,FulhamFulhamFC,London’soldestprofessionalfootballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictoriansin1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,butitwastheVictorianswhocreatedthegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidforadmittance,withtheincomespentonacquiringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.9．Whichofthefollowingisnotsimilarinmeaningto“tooktothestreets”inPara.2?A．gatheredtogetherinthestreetsB．enjoyedwindowshoppingC．wentoutsideonthestreetsD．protestedonthestreets10．ThereasonwhyfewergreatpleasuregardensareleftinLondonisthat.A．peoplebuiltmorefactoriesB．theywereturnedintofarminglandC．thelandwassoldtodevelopersD．theybecameuniversitycampuses11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Themoneyfromfootballisusedtobuynewplayers.B．Londonhasmuchonitsfootballhistory.C．FulhamF.C．ismorethan200yearsold.D．TheVictorianshavecultivatedmanyfootballers.12．Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Thebuildingofrailwaysledtothethemeparks.B．TheWestEnd’sgardensbecamebighotels.C．TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodernleisureindustries.
D．Theincomefrommodernfootballsupportsnewplayers.【答案】9．B10．C11．B12．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。9．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“…whentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein1878,therewasariot”可知，（1878年，ArgyllRooms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，）这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavouriteplacethattheytooktothestreets.”，由此可推知，“theytooktothestreets”应是与“骚乱”表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指“聚集游行示威”类活动，即选项A“gatheredtogetherinthestreets(聚集在街上)”，选项C“wentoutsideonthestreets(走到外面的街道上)”和选项D“protestedonthestreets(上街抗议)”符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。选项B“enjoyedwindowshopping”意为“喜欢逛街”，不能视作为“骚乱”。故选B项。10．细节理解题。根据文章Pleasuregardens:GremorneGardens,Chelsea部分第1段内容“London’srapidgrowthmeantthevaluablelandwasusuallysoldtobigcompaniesforotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon’sgreatpleasuregardensremain.”(伦敦的快速发展意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“FulhamFC,London’soldestprofessionalfootballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictoriansin1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,butitwastheVictorianswhocreatedthegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidforadmittance,withtheincomespentonacquiringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代的人在1896年建造的。这项运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)”可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代，并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选B项。12．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容“Asperformancemanagerscameupwithincreasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthecapital’shugepotentialaudience,Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleisureindustry–includingthemeparks,pubsandprofessionalfootball.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现代休闲产业——包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球。)”应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。选项C“TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodernleisureindustries.(维多利亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选C项。
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