M1Unit3Lookinggood,feelinggood(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2020·浙江高三月考)Whenitcomestojudgmentoftheirbodies,womencan’twin.Peopleoftenmake“fatjokes”,butfat-shamingisnolaughingmatter;neitherisfit-shaming.Ispoketotwowomenwhowereshamedforbeingfat,andthen,afterlosingweight,shamedforbeingfit.SarahMooreisa29-year-oldmotherofthreefromIndiana,US.Shebecameapersonaltrainerafterlosingmorethan45kg.Sheremembersthefat-shamingsheborebeforeherweightloss.Whenwaitingtogetonarollercoasteronce,peoplebehindherwerecomplainingaboutthewait,andtheattendant(服务人员)toldthem,“Don’tworry.She’snotgoingtofitonhere,andyou’llbenext.”Butafterlosingweight,Mooresaidpeoplecommentedonherbodyevenmore.“NowIgetcommentslike,‘Areyousureyoucaneatthat?’becausethey’reworriedI’llregaintheweight,”shesaid. Howdoesitmakeherfeel?“Fat-shamingmademefeelsadandhelpless,andfit-shamingmakesmeangry,”shesaid.Changesinbodyweightcanalsoinfluencerelationships.Itcanupsetthebalancebecauseotherscangetjealous.Peoplewholoseweightcanexperiencepersonalitychanges,suchasanincreaseinconfidence,whichalsoinfluencesrelationships.Fit-shaminghasbeenhardertohandleforAndreaSereda,a38-year-oldsocialworkerinCanada.Shesaidjudgmentofherbodyissomethingshe’sfacedforyears.Seredasaidthatwhenshewas9,hergrandfathertoldheratabirthdayparty,“Idon’tthinkyoushouldeatcake,”andmadecommentsabouthowmanycalorieseachbitecontainedassheateit.Shealsoexperiencedsimilarthingsincollege.ThejudgmentofSereda’sbodyincreasedaftershelost57kg.“It’sworsewithpeoplewhoknewmefrombefore,”Seredasaid.“Peopleconstantlysay,‘You’resoskinnynowyou’regoingtodisappear.’” Itwasmostlyfriendsmakingsuchcomments.CloserfriendsseemedtocomparetheirownbodiesnegativelytoSereda’snewphysique(体型).“Iwasafraidofgoingoutandhavingtofieldallthesecomments,”Seredasaid.“Ihadtolearnhowtohandleit.”Letustrytounderstandthatjustbecausesomeonehaslostweight,itdoesn’tmakethemfairgameforcommentaryontheirnewshape.Everyonedeservestolivefreeofbeingbodyshamed,regardlessofhowtheylook.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要通过SarahMoore和AndreaSereda两个人在减肥前和减肥后人们对于她们身体的评价和自己的感受，告诉我们不要去过多的在乎身体怎样，我们要活的轻松一点，不要去在意别人对于自己身体的看法。1.SarahMooreisshamedforbeingfitafterlosingweightmainlybecause________.A.peoplestilljudgehernewbodyshapeB.shelosttoomuchweightafterherdietC.herpersonalitychangedforthebetterD.peoplearealljealousofhernewlook【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Butafterlosingweight,Mooresaidpeoplecommentedonherbodyevenmore.“NowIgetcommentslike,‘Areyousureyoucaneatthat?’becausethey’reworriedI’llregaintheweight,”shesaid.Howdoesitmakeherfeel?“Fat-shamingmademefeelsadandhelpless,andfit-shamingmakesmeangry,”shesaid.(但在减肥后，摩尔说，人们对她的身体评论更多。“现在我得到了这样的评论：‘你确定你能吃那些吗？’因为他们担心我会恢复体重，”她说。这让她感觉如何？她说：“肥胖使我感到悲伤和无助，而羞辱健康使我生气”)可知，莎拉·摩尔在减肥后，身体很健康，她感觉被羞辱主要是因为人们仍然在评判她的新体型。故选A。2.TheexampleofAndreaSeredaisusedto________.A.explainwhatpusheswomentoloseweightB.showthenegativeeffectsoffitshamingC.suggestwhatcanbedonetohandlefatshamingD.showthedifficultiesoverweightwomenface【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Fit-shaminghasbeenhardertohandleforAndreaSereda,a38-year-oldsocialworkerinCanada.(38岁的加拿大社会工作者安德里亚塞雷达更难处理身体羞辱的问题。)”以及“Iwasafraidofgoingoutandhavingtofieldallthesecomments,”Seredasaid.“Ihadtolearnhowtohandleit.”(“我害怕出去，不得不应付所有这些评论，”塞雷达说。“我必须学会如何处理它。”)可推断，安德里亚塞雷达的例子是用来说明身体羞辱带来的消极结果。故选B。3.Whatwouldbeaproperwaytotreatthosewhohavelostweight?A.Toappreciatetheirnewbodyshape.B.Tostopcommentingontheirphysique.C.Toencouragethemtomaintaintheirshape.D.Toremindthemtobecarefulwiththeirdiet.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Letustrytounderstandthatjustbecausesomeonehaslostweight,itdoesn’tmakethemfairgameforcommentaryontheirnewshape.Everyonedeservestolivefreeofbeingbodyshamed,regardlessofhowtheylook.(让我们试着理解：不能仅仅因为某人减肥了，就对
他们的新体形进行评论让他们成为可攻击的对象。不管他们看起来如何，每个人都应该不受身体羞辱的活着。)”可推断，对待减肥的人的正确方式是停止评论他们的体形。故选B。B(2021·贵州高三)Somepeoplemustcarefullypayattentiontoeverythingtheyputintheirmouthsinordertocontroltheirweight.Bycontrast,otherscaneatFrenchfriestotheirhearts’contentandachievethesameresult.Howdosomepeoplemanagenevertogainweight?“Perception,oneofthemostimportantfactors,hasnothingtodowiththebodytypebecauseourpersonalfeelingisalwayswrong.Weoftenfeelthatsomepeoplewhoeatmoredon’tputonweight.Actually?thosewhoappeartoeatwhatevertheylikewithoutgainingweightaren’teatingmorethantherestofus,”saidprofessorKathleenMelanson.“Forexample,yourfriendwhoeatsicecreamonadailybasismighteatlessatanothermeal-orsnacklessthroughouttherestoftheday.”“Physicalactivitycanalsomakeadifference,butitdoesn’thavetobeagymworkout.There’slittleevidencetosuggestthat—withoutexercise-somepeoplewereborntoburnsignificantlymorecaloriesthanothers,”saidDrInesBarroso,aresearcherattheUniversityofCambridge.Buttheremaybephysicaldifferencesthatallowsomepeopletonaturallycontrolthenumberofcaloriestheyconsumewithoutexercisingmuchself-regulation.Alotofnervoussystemsignalsandhormones(激素)thatcirculateinourbloodinteracttotelluswhenwe’rehungryorfull.Thisiscalledtheappetiteregulatorysystem,anditmaybemoresensitiveinsomepeoplethanothers,Melansonsaid.Oneimportanthormoneinvolvedinthissystemisleptin(瘦素).Ithelpsregulatehowmuchfoodwewanttoeatoverlongerperiodsoftime,notjustforournextmeal.Soapersonwithamoresensitivesystemmightgobackforsecondsandthirdsataparty,thenfeelfullforthenextfewdaysandeatless.Geneticscanalsoplayaroleinaperson’stendencytogainorloseweight.Researchershaveidentifiedover250differentregionsofDNAthatareassociatedwithobesity,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinPLOSGenetics.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章为我们解释了有些人从不增重的原因。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Perception”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Connection.B.Sense.C.Defense.D.Reduction.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“becauseourpersonalfeelingisalwayswrong.”(因为我们个人的感觉总是错的。)可猜测，划线句说明：作为最重要的因素之一，感觉与体型无关。Perception是“感觉”的意思。故选B项。5.Whatdoweknowaboutleptin?
A.Itmakespeopleusuallyfeelhungry.B.Ithelpspeoplehaveabetterappetite.C.Ithelpspeopleregulatetheirfoodintake.D.Itmakespeoplemoresensitivetotheflavouroffood.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Oneimportanthormoneinvolvedinthissystemisleptin(瘦素).Ithelpsregulatehowmuchfoodwewanttoeatoverlongerperiodsoftime,notjustforournextmeal.”(在这个系统中有一种重要的荷尔蒙叫做瘦素，它帮助我们在很长一段时间内调节我们想吃多少食物，而不仅仅是为了下一顿饭。)可知，瘦素可以帮助人们调节食物的摄入量。故选C项。6.Whatdothefindingsofthe2019studyshow?A.Weightproblemscanbeavoided.B.Losingweightisequallydifficultforeveryone.C.Somepeoplemaybeborntohaveweightproblems.D.Genescanbecompletelychangedtoavoidweightproblems.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Geneticscanalsoplayaroleinaperson’stendencytogainorloseweight.Researchershaveidentifiedover250differentregionsofDNAthatareassociatedwithobesity,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinPLOSGenetics.”(基因也会影响一个人的增重或减重倾向。根据2019年发表在《公共科学图书馆遗传学》上的一项研究，研究人员已经确定了超过250个不同的DNA区域与肥胖有关。)可知，有些人可能天生就有体重问题，这是基因问题。故选C项。7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tosharesomeideasabouthowtoloseweight.B.Toexplainwhysomepeoplenevergainweight.C.Toadvisepeopletocontroltheirdailydietstrictly.D.Tocallforpeopletopayattentiontohealthyeating.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Howdosomepeoplemanagenevertogainweight?”(有些人是如何做到永远不发胖的呢？)及全文内容可知，本文的目的是来为我们解释为什么有些人从不增重。故选B项。C(2021·湖南高三月考)Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpast
studiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight,thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,“Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.”TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜芦醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为经常饮酒会导致肥胖，但是最近研究人员发现适量饮酒可以起到减肥的效果，而且还可以防止糖尿病。8.Theunderlinedphrase“inmoderation”inthefirstparagraphmeans“________”.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight...”(回顾过去的研究，他们发现，虽然酗酒者的确会增加体重)，根据连词while可知上下文存在对比关系，所以猜测画线部分应和heavydrinkers对应，指适量饮酒的人，说明但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。故选D。9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.
D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.”(他的研究小组指出，适量饮酒具有很强的保护作用，可以降低患糖尿病等疾病的风险，而糖尿病与肥胖人数的增加有关。)可知Dr.HarveyFinkel指出适量饮酒对应糖尿病有保护作用，也就是说适量饮酒的人患糖尿病的风险低，故选A。10.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜芦醇)，acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.”(此外，三年前的一项研究表明，葡萄和红葡萄酒中存在的一种化合物白藜芦醇会破坏脂肪细胞。0由此可知接下来就会证明这一理论的正确性，故选C。11.Whereisthearticlemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Achemistrytextbook.B.ATVadvertisement.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Asupermarketwebsite.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.”(一直以来，人们都认为酒精会让人发胖，因为它含有大量的糖分，但最新研究表明，每天一杯酒可以成为饮食的一部分。)由此可知，本篇文章都在叙述与之相关的研究，那么这篇文章最有可能来自科学杂志上，故选C。D(2021·陕西高三)Australia’sbiggestsoftdrinkmakers,includingCoca-ColaandPepsi,promisedonMondaytocutindustry-widesugarusebyafifthoversevenyearstopreventobesityinacountrywherenearlyathirdofthepopulationisdangerouslyfat.Australiahasthefifth-highestrateofobesityinthedevelopedworld,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,ahealthconditionthatcanexacerbate(使恶化)problemsfromdiabetesto
heartdisease.Beverage(饮料)producersinAustraliahavealreadyseensomeconsumersswitchawayfromsugarydrinksbecauseofhealthconcernsandtheyhavepromisedthereductionasauthoritiespressforasugartaxsimilartooneintroducedinBritaininApril.“Wethinkthisisastepintherightdirection,”saidGeoffParker,chiefexecutiveofficeroftheAustralianBeveragesCouncil(ABC),themainbodyrepresentingnon-alcoholicdrinkmakers,anindustrywhichgeneratesA$5billion($3.7billion)inannualrevenue.“We’recertainlyencouragingothersectorsofthefoodsupply,andindeedothercategoriestojoinwithustoreducesugaracrosstheportfoliotohelphandlewhatisareallyacomplexproblemandthatisobesity.”Companieswillaimfora10percentreductionintotalsugarper100millilitersintheirdrinksby2020anda20percentreductionby2025,achievedviaacombinationofrecipemodificationandincreasingsalesoflow-sugarbeverages,theBeveragesCouncilsaid.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saidlastyeardrinkingfewersweetdrinkswasthebestwaytopreventexcessiveweightandpreventchronicdiseasessuchasdiabetes,althoughfatandsaltinprocessedfoodswerealsotoblame.Ithaspressedforgovernmentstotaxsugar.InAustralia,whereaccordingtoWHOstatisticstwo-thirdsofadultsareoverweightandnearlyathirdareobeseorgrosslyoverweight,theAustralianMedicalAssociationhaspressedforasugartaxbutithasbeenresistedbythecountry’stwomajorpoliticalparties.“Wedon’twanttoseethepriceofgroceriesgoup.”HealthMinisterGregHunttoldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporationonMonday.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了响应政府的税法，饮料制造商承诺降低饮料中的糖分，尽量减少饮食中的含糖饮料来避免肥胖。12.Whydidsoftdrinkmakerspromisetolowersugarintheirdrinks?A.Theywantedtocutdownthecost.B.Theyhelpedpeopletoloseweight.C.Theykeptpeopleawayfromsugarydrinks.D.Theyrespondedtothetaxlawfromgovernments.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“theyhavepromisedthereductionasauthoritiespressforasugartaxsimilartooneintroducedinBritaininApril.(他们承诺在当局要求征收类似于英国4月份开征的糖税之际减少含糖饮料的消费。)”可知，软饮料制造商承诺降低饮料中的糖分是为了响应政府的税法。故选D。
13.WhatcanwelearnfromGeoffParker?A.Peopleareunwillingtodrinknon-alcoholicdrinks.B.Beverageproducerstakeapositiveattitudetosugarreduction.C.Manysoftdrinkmakersmanagetopreventtheobesity.D.TheAustralianBeveragesCouncilhasencouragedpeopletokeepfit.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Wethinkthisisastepintherightdirection(我们认为这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步)”可知，我们能从杰夫・帕克的话得知饮料生产商对降糖持积极态度。故选B。14.HowwillsoftdrinkproducersreducesugaraccordingtotheBeveragesCouncil?A.Theywillsetagoalforthesugaruseintheirdrinks.B.Theywilllimitthetotalsugarto10-20percentofdrinks.C.Theywilladjustingredientsandsellmorelow-sugardrinks.D.Theywillproducemorelow-sugarbeverageseveryyear.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Companieswillaimfora10percentreductionintotalsugarper100millilitersintheirdrinksby2020anda20percentreductionby2025,achievedviaacombinationofrecipemodificationandincreasingsalesoflow-sugarbeverages,theBeveragesCouncilsaid.(美国饮料委员会表示，各公司将通过修改配方和增加低糖饮料的销售，力争到2020年每100毫升饮料的总含糖量减少10%，到2025年减少20%。)”可知，根据饮料协会，软饮料生产商将调整配料，销售更多的低糖饮料来降低糖分。故选C。15.WhatshouldpeopledotokeepawayfromobesityaccordingtoWHO?A.Peopleshouldpushgovernmentstotaxsugar.B.Peopleshouldreducefatandsaltintheirfood.C.Peopleshouldtrytoreducesugarydrinksindiet.D.Peopleshouldlosemoreweighttokeephealthy.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saidlastyeardrinkingfewersweetdrinkswasthebestwaytopreventexcessiveweightandpreventchronicdiseasessuchasdiabetes,althoughfatandsaltinprocessedfoodswerealsotoblame.(
世界卫生组织去年表示，少喝含糖饮料是防止体重超标和预防糖尿病等慢性疾病的最佳方式，尽管加工食品中的脂肪和盐也是罪魁祸首。)”可知，根据世界卫生组织的说法，人们应该尽量减少饮食中的含糖饮料来避免肥胖。故选C。二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·河南洛阳市·高三三模)Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenaglassofregularanddietsoda?1That’swherethetroublestarts.Untilrecently,everythingweatecontainedsomeamountofcalories.Sowhenwedrinkdietsoda,thesweetnesstricksourbodyintothinkingit’srealsugarbutwhenthoseenergy-packedcaloriesdon’tarrive,theinsulininourbrainhasnothingtostore.2It’scalledmetabolicsyndrome,whichisamixofconditionsthatincludesincreasedbloodpressure,highbloodsugarandweightgainwhichcanincreasetheriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.Whiledrinkingdietsodawiththemealmaysoundlikeatastycaloriefreealternativetoplainwater,thismaybetheworsetimetodrinkitbecausethecheatingcaloriesinthedietsodacouldfinallydestroytherealcalorieswemetabolize.3Anotherproblemcouldbethefactthatartificialsweetenersindietsodacanbe10sto100softimessweeterthansugar.4It’slikewhenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffoodandyouendupwithahandfulofvegetables.You’releftunsatisfiedandhungry.Inthesameway,artificialsweetenerscanleaveourbrainswantingmore,whichleadstoincreasedappetiteandpotentialweightgain.5maybejuststicktowater.A.Turnsout,neithercanyourbody.B.No,thiswasdietsodaanditwasawesome.C.Whenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffood.D.Thatdrinkingdietsodaisassociatedwithadisease.E.Soifyou’redrinkingdietsodatodropafewpounds,F.Anditpotentiallyleavesextracaloriesbehindwethenstoreasfat.G.Sowhenwetasteit,ourbrainsexpectmorecaloriesthanwhatwegiveit.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了饮用无糖汽水可能导致疾病和体重增加。1.【答案】A【解析】根据上文“Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenaglassofregularanddietsoda?(你能说出一杯普通汽水和无糖汽水的区别吗？)”以及后文“That’swherethetroublestarts.(这就是麻烦的开始)”
可知，上文提出了关于一杯普通汽水和无糖汽水的区别的问题，后文则说这是麻烦的开始，可知本句关于上文提出问题的回答是不能区分，故A选项“事实证明，你的身体也不能”符合语境，故选A。2.【答案】D【解析】根据后文“It’scalledmetabolicsyndrome,whichisamixofconditionsthatincludesincreasedbloodpressure,highbloodsugarandweightgainwhichcanincreasetheriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.(这被称为代谢综合征，包括血压升高、高血糖和体重增加，这些都会增加患糖尿病、心脏病和中风的风险)”可知后文提到了代谢综合征的一些症状和导致的疾病，可推测饮用无糖汽水可能导致疾病。故D选项“饮用无糖汽水可能导致疾病”符合语境，故选D。3.【答案】F【解析】根据上文“Whiledrinkingdietsodawiththemealmaysoundlikeatastycaloriefreealternativetoplainwater,thismaybetheworsetimetodrinkitbecausethecheatingcaloriesinthedietsodacouldfinallydestroytherealcalorieswemetabolize.(虽然餐时喝无糖汽水听起来像白水的美味无卡路里替代品，但现在可能是喝无糖汽水的最差时机，因为无糖汽水中的“欺骗”卡路里最终可能会破坏我们代谢的真正卡路里)”可知，上文提到无糖汽水中的“欺骗”卡路里最终可能会破坏我们代谢的真正卡路里，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明这种“欺骗”卡路里破坏代谢真正卡路里对身体的影响。故F选项“它可能会留下额外的热量，然后储存为脂肪”符合语境，故选F。4.【答案】G【解析】根据上文“Anotherproblemcouldbethefactthatartificialsweetenersindietsodacanbe10sto100softimessweeterthansugar.(另一个问题可能是，无糖汽水中的人造甜味剂比糖甜10到100倍)”以及后文“It’slikewhenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffoodandyouendupwithahandfulofvegetables.You’releftunsatisfiedandhungry.(这就像你去参加一个派对，期望有很多食物，结果你只拿了一把蔬菜。你只会感到不满足和饥饿)”可知，后文用去参加派对期望有很多食物，结果你只拿了一把蔬菜作为比喻，可见品尝无糖汽水时，我们的大脑期望得到比我们提供的更多的卡路里。G选项中it指代上文中dietsoda。故G选项“所以当我们品尝它的时候，我们的大脑期望得到比我们提供的更多的卡路里”符合语境，故选G。5.【答案】E【解析】根据上文“Inthesameway,artificialsweetenerscanleaveourbrainswantingmore,whichleadstoincreasedappetiteandpotentialweightgain.(同样地，人造甜味剂会让我们的大脑想要更多，从而导致食欲增加和潜在的体重增加)”和下文“maybejuststicktowater.(或许还是坚持喝水吧)”可知，上文提到人造甜味剂会导致食欲增加和潜在的体重增加，故本句与上文构成因果关系，说明无糖汽水不利于减肥。故E选项“所以如果你喝无糖汽水是为了减肥”符合语境，故选E。
三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·扬州市新华中学高三)GrowingupinAmerica,Ienjoyedthe1ofeatingthemostattractive,2foodsofthe20thcentury,includingallthecandiesweoftenseenearthecashregister.DuringthosetimesIwasn’tawarehowbadsugarwas,andinfact,3wasanyonearoundme.SoIcontinuedtospreadjamonmytoastandeaticecreamdaily.Strangelyenough,Ifeltthatsweetwassomesortofwonderfuldrug:itgavemetheenergyto4properly,tofeelgoodandtoperformatmybest,allofwhichseemednecessaryforgrowth.Sowhyavoidit?Yearslater,hugefoodcompanies,likeGeneralMillsandPost,began5moresugarintotheirproducts,andthenmoreandmorepeopleappearedwithbiggerbellies.Itfinallycametomy6thatoursocietywasbecomingmoremiserableand7Andfromwhat?Fromsugar!Ibegantodosomeresearchintosugarandwhatitdidexactlytoourbodies.Tomyamazement,Ifounditsdamagewasjustasbadas,ifnotworsethan,whatalcoholandcigarettes8.Yousee,whenyoutakeinmoresugarthanyouneedorburn,yourbodyandbrainbecomeover-active.This,9,causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,yourskinto10faster,yourbloodtobecome11andliverandkidneystobe12.Butwhatsurprisedmemost,outofallofthesehorriblesideeffects,wasthatsugaraddsextrapoundstoyourwaistline,13youdoexerciseregularly.AndwhatI’vealwayswanted,forthepastfewyears,isto14thatextrafataroundmy“lovehandles”sothatIcouldfinallyseemyabs(腹肌).Ijustdidn’tknow,thiswholetime,what15Ihadbeendoingtomyselfandmydreams,butIknewIhadtodosomething.SomethingIhadneverdonebefore.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者过去常常摄入很多糖，但越来越多的人因为吃含糖的食物而变得不健康，这让作者了解了糖对健康的有害影响，决定要少吃糖。1.A.conversationB.convenienceC.concentrationD.content【答案】B【解析】A.conversation交谈；B.convenience方便；C.concentrationn.集中，专心/注，关注，重视；D.content内容。根据“includingallthecandiesweoftenseenearthecashregister.”得知吃糖果是非常方便的事。故选B。
2.A.well-paidB.well-knownC.well-packagedD.well-done【答案】C【解析】A.well-paid报酬优厚的；B.well-known众所周知的；C.well-packaged包装完好的；D.well-done做得好的。糖果应该是包装精美的。故选C。3.A.neitherB.eitherC.allD.both【答案】A【解析】A.neither两者都不；B.either或；C.all一切；D.both两者都。根据“DuringthosetimesIwasn’tawarehowbadsugarwas,”接着说事实上，我身边的人也都不知道。故选A。4.A.playB.functionC.recoverD.gain【答案】B【解析】A.play玩；B.function起作用；C.recover恢复(健康)；D.gain增加，获得，赢得。根据“itgavemetheenergy”得知吃糖果会给我身体正常运行的力量。故选B。5.A.pumpingB.squeezingC.containingD.extending【答案】A【解析】A.pumping灌输；B.squeezing挤压；C.containing包含，容纳；D.extending延伸。根据“andthenmoreandmorepeopleappearedwithbiggerbellies.”可知，大的食品公司往产品里输入(pumping)更多的糖，使得人们的肚子越来越大。故选A。6.A.viewB.expectationC.awarenessD.belief【答案】C【解析】A.view观点；B.expectation期望；C.awareness意识；D.belief信念。cometoone’sawareness意识到。这里指作者意识到社会问题的由来。故选C。7.A.unfitB.unsafeC.unbelievableD.unattractive【答案】A【解析】A.unfit不健康的；B.unsafe不安全的；C.unbelievable不相信的；D.unattractive无吸引力的。根据下文“Fromsugar!”可知，吃糖让我们的社会变得可悲和不健康(unfit)。故选A。8.A.broughtupB.broughtoutC.broughtaboutD.broughtin【答案】C【解析】A.broughtup提出；B.broughtout使明显；C.broughtabout带来；D.broughtin引入。根据“Ifounditsdamagewasjustasbadas,ifnotworsethan,”可知，糖多带来的危害和烟酒是一样的。故选C。9.A.inuseB.insurpriseC.atriskD.ineffect
【答案】D【解析】A.inuse使用中；B.insurprise惊奇地；C.atrisk有危险，有风险；D.ineffect实际上(通常用于句中)。根据“Yousee,whenyoutakeinmoresugarthanyouneedorburn,yourbodyandbrainbecomeover-active.”可知，当你的身体摄入的糖分多于你需要或者燃烧的量的时侯，你的大脑就会变得过度活跃，实际上会导致你认知能力的减慢。故选D。10.A.ageB.brightenC.darkenD.shorten【答案】A【解析】A.age变老；B.brighten使变亮；C.darken变暗；D.shorten变短。根据“causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,”可知，这里指吃糖所带来的危害，会使你的皮肤会加速老化(age)，血液会变得浓稠(thicker)，肾脏和肝脏会疲惫不堪(wornout)。故选A。11.A.quieterB.fasterC.lighterD.thicker【答案】D【解析】A.quieter更安静的；B.faster更快的；C.lighter更轻的；D.thicker更厚的。根据“causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,”可知，这里指吃糖所带来的危害，会使你的皮肤会加速老化(age)，血液会变得浓稠(thicker)，肾脏和肝脏会疲惫不堪(wornout)。故选D。12.A.wornoutB.pickedoutC.workedoutD.heldout【答案】A【解析】A.wornout筋疲力尽；B.pickedout辨认出；C.workedout锻炼；D.heldout坚持。根据“causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,”可知，这里指吃糖所带来的危害，会使你的皮肤会加速老化(age)，血液会变得浓稠(thicker)，肾脏和肝脏会疲惫不堪(wornout)。故选A。13.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.evenifD.asif【答案】C【解析】A.therefore因此；B.otherwise否则；C.evenif即使；D.asif好像。根据“Butwhatsurprisedmemost,outofallofthesehorriblesideeffects,wasthatsugaraddsextrapoundstoyourwaistline,”可知，即使你有规律地运动，糖也会增加你的体重，增加腰围。故选C。14.A.destroyB.removeC.affectD.forget【答案】B【解析】A.destroy摧毁；B.remove消除；C.affect影响；D.forget忘记。根据“sothatIcouldfinallyseemyabs(腹肌).”可知，作者的目标是把腰间的赘肉消除了(remove)
，以便于最终能看到自己的腹肌。故选B。15.A.benefitB.effectC.damageD.injury【答案】C【解析】A.benefit利益；B.effect影响；C.damage损害；D.injury受伤。根据“butIknewIhadtodosomething.SomethingIhadneverdonebefore.”可知，因为吃糖给作者自己和他的梦想带来怎样的伤害。dodamageto的变形，故选C。四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2021·河北高三)Manypeoplethinkthatfat-freecookiesareahealthieroptionthanaregularcookie,andthat1(choose)asaladisamuchbetterchoicethanacheeseburger.Butasamatteroffact,therearealotoffoodsconsideredas“healthy”2arepackedwithhiddencaloriesandsugar.Maybeyouaretryingyourbesttopursuehealthiersnacks,butmanychoicesstilldo3toyourhealth.Ideally,snackchoicesshouldbebased4thesameprinciplesasmealchoices.Afterall,snacksmakeupanimportantpartofpeople’sdailyfoodintake.Inaddition,everypersonisunique.Thereisn’tarecommendedamountforsnacking.Itdependsonaperson’sactivitylevel,bodysize,medicalsituation,scheduleandpersonal5(prefer).Somepeople6(rare)snackatall,whileothersgaina7(significance)partoftheirdailyfoodintakefromsnacksthroughouttheday.Keepingtrackofsnackinghabitscanbebeneficial,especiallyifyouincludenotesthatmentionhoweachsnack8(contribute)toyourpersonalgoals.Forexample,ifeating9afternoonsnackhelpsyouavoidovereatingatdinnertime,thenitmaybeawisechoice10(make).【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何选择健康零食的相关知识。1.【答案】choosing/tochoose【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析可知，设空处为句子主语，可以使用动名词或者不定式。故填choosing/tochoose。句意：很多人认为零脂肪的曲奇比起普通曲奇来是一个更健康的选择，而选择沙拉是比奶酪汉堡更好的选择。2.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。分析可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词foods在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
句意：事实上很多被认为是健康的食品里面充满了隐藏的热量和糖。3.【答案】damage/harm【解析】考查动词短语中的名词。dodamage/harmto对……有害。句意：或许你正在努力追求更健康的零食，但很多选择对你的健康依然有害。4.【答案】on【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。bebasedon以……为基础。故填on。句意：理想情况下，零食的选择应基于和餐食选择相同的准则。5.【答案】preference(s)【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。前面有形容词personal，故要用名词preference(s)。句意：它取决于一个人的活动水平，身体大小，医疗状况，时间表和个人喜好。6.【答案】rarely【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。句意：一些人几乎不吃零食，然而有些人大部分的日常食物就是零食。分析可知，设空处应用副词作状语修饰动词snack。故填rarely。7.【答案】significant【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词part。故填significant。句意：一些人几乎不吃零食，然而有些人大部分的日常食物就是零食。8.【答案】contributes【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：记录吃零食的习惯是有益的，尤其是如果你总结每种零食对你个人目标的影响。分析可知，设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境和上文的mention可知为一般现在时，主语eachsnack为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填contributes。9.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。snack“零食”为可数名词，此处泛指“一份下午点心”，应用不定冠词，且afternoon的发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。10.【答案】tomake【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析可知，此处应用不定式作choice的后置定语，用主动表被动。故填tomake。句意：例如，如果吃一份下午点心有助于你晚餐少吃，那么这就是所作出的明智的选择。五、写作写作(一)(改编自2020·河北高二月考)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David
来信，向你诉说体重问题带来的烦恼。请你给他写一封回信，提出自己的建议。要点如下：1.健康比美丽的外表更重要，不要过于注重外貌和别人的看法；2.注重身体锻炼，注意健康饮食，保障心理健康。注意：1.词数120左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语已为你写好。DearDavid,Iamsorrytohearthatyouareworriedaboutyourweightproblem._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearDavid,Iamsorrytohearthatyouareworriedaboutyourweightproblem.Herearesomeofmyideasaboutit,whichIhopewillbeofsomehelp.Inmyopinion,healthismoreimportantthanbeautifulappearance.Forusstudents,Ibelievestudyingisthefirstthingtoconsiderwhileappearanceisnot.Therefore,donotletothers’opinionsaffectyournormallife.However,itisimportanttomakeexercisearegularpartofeveryday,whichwillhelpyouloseweightandoffersomeotherbenefits.Asimportantasexercisingisabalanceddiet,becausetherightbalancebetweenfruitsandvegetables,proteinsandfatskeepsyouhealthyandstrong.Aboveall,agoodmentalhealthisnecessary,leadingyoutohaveanactivelifeallalong.Ihopeeverythingwillbefinewithyou.Yours,LiHua写作(二)(2020·山东高三)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。TakingherchildtoschoolwasasufferingTraceyLewiswasworriedabout.Walkingleftherbreathless,but
takingthecarmeantputtingheormousbodyintothedriver’sseatandfasteningtheseatbelt.“Ihatedmybody,”sheadmits.“AnythingotherthansittingandwatchingTVwasastruggle.”WhenIwentoutIhadtocarrytalcumpowderwithmetorubbetweenmythighs(大腿)tostopthemchaffing(擦伤).Theonlyclothesthatfittedwerehugenumbersthatonlydrewattentiontomysize.Ilookedawful.”WhenTraceymarriedherhusband,Andy,41,in1988shewasaslimsize12.Butthentheweightpiledon.Sherecalls:“Wegotintothehabitofeatingout.Neitherofusenjoyedcooking.”Atfirst,weateinrestaurants,butmoreandmoreweendedupstayinginwithabottleofwineandatakeaway.“I’dalwaysbeenslim,sowhenmyclothesbegantofeeltightitdidn’tbotherme.IthoughtI’dbeabletoloseanyextrapoundseasilyenough.”Then,in1990,Traceyfellpregnant.Sheshotupfromasize14toasize18.“Beingpregnantwasanexcusetostuffmyself,”Traceyadmits.“Ididn’tjusteatfortwo,Iateforthreeorfour-maybemore.”Happyathomewithhernewbaby,Tracey’sweightsoonwasoutofcontrol.Herdoctortoldhertoloseafewpoundsinsteadofcomfortingherselfwithfood,butafter11monthsshehadn’tshiftedanounce.Soonsheweighed220poundsandwasasize22.Shehadtowearcyclingshortsunderherdressestostopherlegsfromdevelopingsores.“BythattimeIwassoself-consciousIavoidedgoingoutaltogether,”saysTracey.“Andyplaysfootball.Iwasofteninvitedtodrinksandmeals,butdidn’twanthisfriendstomeetme.I’dhideupstairsathomeandcry.”Shefelthorrified.Paragraph1:ThefollowingtwoyearsTraceytriedtoslim.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:TheweightlosshaschangedTracey’slife.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】
ThefollowingtwoyearsTraceytriedtoslim.Shefollowedherdoctor’sadviceandbegantoeatasimple,well-balanceddiet.Shedidn’teatinrestaurantsorordertakeout,Shebegantolearntocookforherself.Sheatelotsoffruitsandvegetablesandavoidedhigh-fatfood.Inaddition,Traceyjoinedanexerciseclass.Sheworkedoutthreetimesaweek.Atfirst,Traceywasn’thappybecausetheweightcameoffsoslowly.Butherclassmatesencouragedhertosticktoitandeventuallyshereachedhergoal.Bestofall,shewasabletostayatheridealweight.Thatwasbecauseshehaddevelopedhealthynewhabits.TheweightlosshaschangedTracey’slife.Shenolongerfeltoutofbreath.Takingherchildtoschoolbecomesaneasyandpleasantthing.Shecangooutinherniceclothesagain.Shetakesanactivepartinsomesocialactivitiesandmakesalotoffriends.Sheoftenparticipatesinpublicserviceactivities,whichmakesherlifemeaningful.
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