【非谓语动词】【考纲解读】近几年对于非谓语动词的句法功能考查越来越多，尤其是语篇填空和改错题型考查较多，甚至在完形填空的选项中也多有涉及。首先需要考生了解非谓语动词的基本形式及其时态和语态的变化形式；其次，需要考生牢固掌握非谓语动词的语法功能和非谓语动词题目的解题思路，并能在具体的语境中正确运用。【命题趋势】1.近年来对非谓语动词的考查较多的关注与语境的结合，尽管出发点还是仍是非谓语动词的基本用法，这种考查形式是在理解语境和句意的基础上设置的。2.今后非谓语动词的考查依然占有较高的比重，尤其是非谓语动词做定语和状语的用法，同时试题设置将会继续结合语境，难度适中。3.高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。4.动词不定式的考查主要集中在一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。【名师指导】1.非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。2.确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone/havingdone/Havingbeendone），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（todo/tobedone/doing/beingdone/done）。不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词
一般式主动式tododoingdoingdone被动式tobedonebeingdonebeingdone/进行式主动式tobedoing///被动式////完成式主动式tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone/被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone/一、非谓语动词作主语1.It作形式主语，不定式为真正主语Ittakes/tooksb.st.todosth.It’s+adj.+todosth.It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.2.It作形式主语，动名词为真正主语It’snousedoingsth.It’snogooddoingsth.It’snopleasuredoingsth.It’sworthwhiledoingsth.It’suselessdoingsth.It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.二、非谓语动词作宾语1.v.+tododecidedeterminelearnwantwouldlikewishexpectrefusemanagepretenddemandpromisechooseplanaskbegofferintendfailaffordlongseemhappen
preparehesitatedesirehopeagreeproveattempt2.v.+doingenjoyconsiderescapeavoidriskdenyappreciatemisspermitallowincludeadmitmindimaginefancystanddelayfinishsuggestmentionpracticeexcusekeepresistforgivecomplete3.合成谓语+todobe+判断类、趋向类、能愿类adj.+todobesure/certaintodobelikelytodobereadytodobeable/unabletodobewilling/unwillingtodo4.合成谓语+doingbebusydoingbeworthdoing5.含介词to的短语+doingbe/getusedtobe/getaccustomedtogetdowntolookforwardtoobjecttoprefer...to…refertopayattentiontosticktoleadtobeopposedtogiveone’slifetodevoteoneselftobedevotedtobelimitedtobeequaltoapplytocontributeto6.v.+todo&v.+doing意义区别不大的动词startbegincontinuelikelovedislikehateprefer7.v.+todo&v.+doing意义不同的动词forget/remember/forget+todo未发生的动作forget/remember/forget+doing已发生的动作
goontodo接着做另一件事goondoing继续做同一件事stoptodo停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事meantodo打算做meandoing意味着trytodo尽力做trydoing尝试做8.“需要”类动词的用法want/need/require+doing(表被动)=want/need/require+tobedone三、非谓语动词作表语1.Sheistogetmarriednextweek.I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow.You’retostandhere.2.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Hismaininterestisfishing.3.Thenewsisdisappointing.Thechildrenweredisappointed.interesting/interestedexciting/excitedconfusing/confusedfrightening/frightenedsurprising/surprisedtiring/tiredboring/boredmoving/movedpuzzling/puzzled四、非谓语动词作定语1.Thisistheschooltobebuiltnextyear.ThetraintoarriveisfromQingdao.Ihavealotofworktodo.I’llgotothesupermarket.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?
Heisalwaysthefirstonetocomeandthelasttoleave.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.There’sstillmuchtodo.2.waitingroom=aroomforwaitingswimmingpoolwalkingsticklivingroomsittingroom3.developingcountry/developedcountryfallingleaves/fallenleavesboilingwater/boiledwater五、非谓语动词作状语1.ToimproveourEnglish,wecomehere.Theywenttotherailwaystation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.I’msogladtoseeyou.2.Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.（时间/原因）Givenenoughtime,Icandoitbetter.（条件）Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.（原因）Theglassfelltotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果)todo意料之外结果doing意料之中，自然而然Ourteachercamein,followedbymanystudents(伴随)3.spend…doing…havedifficultydoing…havetroubledoing…havefundoing…haveagoodtimedoing…haveahardtimedoing…
六、非谓语动词作补足语1.v.+sb.+todoaskwantadviseallowencourageforceforbidorderpermitpersuaderequestrequiretellwarnurgeexpectconsiderinviteteachremindsend2.v.+sb.+do口诀：宾补省to十一个五看二听一感觉lookat/see/watch/notice/observe一个帮助两均可listento/hear三个使役紧跟着feel/help如若主动变被动let/make/let该to一定要带着3.Ifoundmycarmissing.Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.4.havesth.done=getsth.donehavesb.do=getsb.todohave.sb.doing=keepsb.doing【走向高考】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2016·浙江卷)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120－pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,________(use)twigs(树枝)toremove
it.4．(2016·北京卷)________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.5．(2016·北京卷)________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.7．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.8．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Still,theboykept________(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.9．(2017·陕西二模·改编)Withalotofdifficultproblems________(settle),themanagerfeltlikeacatonhotbricks.10．(2017·陕西西安二模·改编)________(judge)fromhisaccent,heisfromthesouthofChina.11．(2017·四川成都七中诊断·改编)Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson________(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.12．(2017·湖南益阳模拟·改编)Nervousandanxious,Jillfailed________(make)agoodimpressionatthejobinterview.13．(2016·四川卷)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething________(eat)!14．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.15．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.16.(2018·北京)_________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience17.(2018·北京)DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.18.(2018·北京)Ordinarysoap,_________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.19.(2018·天津)Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______(try)it.20.(2018·天津)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________(take).21.(2018·江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,_______(exceed)the expected numberof12,000held bymarket analysts.22.(2018·新课标I卷)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.
23.(2018·新课标I卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.24.(2018··新课标III卷)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.Ⅱ.单句语法改错1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.________2．(2015·陕西卷)Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter！________3．(2017·湖北八校联考)Withmyeyesfillingwithtears,IcameintoMrLi'soffice.________4．(2017·浙江重点中学协作体联考)Butnowweoftendiscussandtrytosolvetheproblemsraisingbytheteachersorourselves.________5．(2017·江西红色六校联考)Theabilityexpressone'sideasomehowdecideshowfaronecangetalonginone'scollege.________6．(2017·黑龙江月考)TheofficeoftheStudents'Unionwillcontactthechoosingcandidatesforaninterviewinafewdays.________7．Forthewholeafternoontheysanganddancedhappilywithoutthinkabouttheirschoolwork.________8．Havingsomethingtodoonthetrain,Icouldn'thelpthinkaboutthesceneofleavingandfeltterriblysorry.________9．(2014·广东卷)Wegotalittle________(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.________10．(2013·四川卷)Afterthinkforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers.________11.(2018·新课标I卷)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.________12.(2018·新课标II卷)Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.________13.(2018·新课标III卷)Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.________14.(2018·江西省2018届高三模拟考)Despiteafamousscientist,Lulivesasimplyandhumblelife,usingbrokenfurnituredatedbacktothe1980sinhishome.________15.(2018·湖北省襄阳四中2018届高三5月第四次模拟)AsIpracticedskating,healwayscreatedarelaxedatmosphereandputforwardsomespecificadvice.________16.(2018·河南省郑州市2018届高三下学期第三次模拟)Whatimpressedmemostwasanactivitycalling
“LearningtoFarm”.________
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