冲刺2022年高考考英语阅读理解热点社会生活常考热点（解析版）

时事热点冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解社会生活类（解析版）话题:竞走与跑步的比较　　　Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.　　Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.　　Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.　　However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,英语第22页（共22页） createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.　　Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.【文章大意】本文是说明文。虽然竞走与跑步一样都有助于健康,但竞走运动与跑步不同。竞走者必须是有一定条件的运动员,而且需要练习,需要有教练或有经验的竞走者的指导。28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段对竞走运动的介绍可知,竞走需要一定的条件:距离长,竞走者的腿在跑动时必须是直的,而且前后脚交替着地。因此,C项“竞走者必须遵循一定的规则”符合题意。29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.英语第22页（共22页） D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“因此,她说,一些与跑步有关的损伤,比如跑步者的膝盖(的损伤),在竞走者中并不常见。”也就是说竞走对膝盖的伤害比跑步要小。故选D。30.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“她说,事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者,学习适当的技术。”可知,诺伯格博士建议想参与竞走运动的人先听一听专家的意见。故选A。31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【解析】选B。观点态度题。作者介绍了竞走与跑步的不同,并引用了一些研究成果。所以,作者对竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。【难句剖析】Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800caloriesperhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.英语第22页（共22页） 分析:本句中movingatapaceofsixmilesperhour是动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰racewalkers,第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰800caloriesperhour,第二个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰running。翻译:根据大多数计算结果,以每小时6英里的速度行走的竞走者,每小时会消耗800卡路里,消耗的热量大约是步行的两倍,但是比跑步要少,跑步每小时大概可以消耗1000卡路里,甚至更多。话题:我和图书馆　　Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem. Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.英语第22页（共22页） Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.【文章大意】作者从小就与图书馆建立了密切关系,后来把自己对图书馆的热爱在家庭里一代代地传递下去。最后,作者还阐明了图书馆的作用。32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader以及Storieswerelikeairtome可知,当作者是一个孩子时,她就已经和书籍密不可分了。故选C。33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inParagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.英语第22页（共22页） 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,作者成为母亲后,图书馆在她的生活中又增添了新的意义,那就是书成为她和孩子们快乐的来源。由此可以推断出,“anaddedmeaning”指“阅读的快乐在家庭中的传承”。故选B。34.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries.D.Purchasehernovels.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan可知,作者认为所有作家都应该力所能及地支持图书馆。故选C。35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutWritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【解析】选D。标题归纳题。作者从小就与图书馆建立了密切关系,后来把自己对图书馆的热爱在家庭里一代代地传递下去。故选D。【难句剖析】Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.分析:it作形式主语,真正的主语是toloadupandgotothelocal英语第22页（共22页） library,where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰library。在where引导的定语从句中theywantedmetoreadtothem是定语从句,修饰books。翻译:装好东西去当地图书馆对我们来说是家常便饭,在图书馆我的孩子们挑选出可以读的书或者是他们需要我给他们读的书。话题:家庭多代同居C　　Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicates英语第22页（共22页） thatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了英国多代同居问题,越来越多的英国人选择和父母居住在一起。28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn.D.Thedaughters.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中...hismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor以及第三段中最后一句...RitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.可知,RitaWhitehead是Nick的岳母,住在groundfloor,选B。根据第二段“helivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.”可知,排除ACD。29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?英语第22页（共22页） A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据第五段AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知,Nick同意和岳母住在一起,并且很推荐这一做法,所以是positive,选A。30.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,报告显示三代人在一起生活的家庭数量已从2001年的325000个增加到2013年的419000个。根据第七段内容可知,25-34岁的年轻人中约20%与父母同住,而1991年为16%。英国所有多代家庭共居的总数据约为180万。由这两段的介绍可知,作者一直都是用调查数据在讲述家庭居住问题,故选C。31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。纵观全文,文章主要介绍了英国人与父母居住在一起的情况越来越多,多代同居家庭也日益增多,所以选D。文中并不是倾向于介绍生活方式,也没有用太多笔墨去介绍其他国家,排除A。文中介绍了多代家庭居住的情况,并没有说他们之间有很多冲突,排除B。文中没有说家庭问题,排除C。英语第22页（共22页） 【难句剖析】WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.分析:该句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句。翻译:我们与尼克讨论得更多,因为我认为对尼克来说和岳母住在一起是一件大事。话题:就餐同伴对饮食习惯的影响　　　AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.英语第22页（共22页） Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?【文章大意】本文介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和就餐习惯会影响他人的食物摄入量的研究。研究表明“从他心理”的影响的确存在,但人们也会根据自己对就餐同伴的看法有所调整。12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据整篇短文的内容特别是第一段中第一句研究的结论可知文章主要在讲就餐同伴会影响人们的食物摄入量,即选D。13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inParagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters.英语第22页（共22页） B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据前面“和现存研究的结论‘你应该避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃饭’相反”可知,我们要避免的应该是身材苗条但是吃得多的人;还有根据三、四段的两次实验的结果可知,就餐同伴如果苗条且吃得很多的话,就会使同餐者的食物摄入量大增,可知,就餐时一定要避免和身材苗条但食物摄入量大的人在一起,不然就会摄入过多的食物。故选D。14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据研究的结论可知,雇演员就是为了证明就餐者的食物摄入量是否受就餐同伴的影响,故雇用这个演员的作用就是看看她会如何影响其他就餐者。故选A。15.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.英语第22页（共22页） 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,如果一个超重的人吃得很多,就餐同伴就会吃得相对少些,因为看到了大吃的后果;但是如果一个苗条的人吃得多,就会有“他吃得多且能保持苗条,我也可以”的心理,因此调整是建立在如何看待就餐同伴的前提之上的,故选C。【难句剖析】Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions,it?sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.分析:这是一个带有两个定语从句的复合句,在介词短语contraryto后有that引导的定语从句修饰research;youreallyneedtoavoid又是一个定语从句修饰先行词thebeanpoles,withbigappetites是介词短语作定语用来修饰thebeanpoles。翻译:和现存研究的结论“你应该避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃饭”相反,你真正需要避免接触的应该是身材苗条但是吃得多的人。话题:能变换时间的智能交通信号灯　　ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,have英语第22页（共22页） ledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It?snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,”hesays.InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.【文章大意】美国华盛顿州贝尔维尤市的交通信号灯可以根据交通流量变化时间。25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.英语第22页（共22页） 【解析】选C。推理判断题。That指的是第一段中提到的交通信号灯的时间可以调节变换这件事。故选C。26.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段KevinBalke的话可知,他认为,虽然智能信号灯对于一些城市,尤其是小城市有帮助,但对于非常堵塞的城市来说,作用不是很大,他认为这些过度堵塞的城市需要的是路上车辆的锐减。故选D。27.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue’ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.可知,转换为可调节的信号灯在获得新方法的价值方面给我们上了一堂课。由此可知,尝试新事物是值得的。故选A。【难句剖析】Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed.分析:makesure后面是that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中thatisthere是定语从句修饰thetrafficdemand。英语第22页（共22页） 翻译:变化的信号灯能确保那里现有的交通需求得到满足。话题:已知的和未知的事物DIwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthannot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectricity.Itwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwassurprised.AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan’sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatour英语第22页（共22页） planetfromeveryangleandfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.Therearenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,anantbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant(无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider...,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.Theseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdid,Iwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,I英语第22页（共22页） foundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者介绍了自己通过与亚马逊雨林中生活的当地人的接触中,发现一些人对外部的世界并不了解。作者意识到,很多东西是人类已知的,还有很多是人类未知的。65.HowdidtheauthorfeelonhisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.　　　　　B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,...didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign可知作者不会说当地语言,不知道当地的风俗,甚至不知道当地的食物,因此作者感觉自己格格不入。A项outofplace格格不入,不相称,不适当,符合作者的感受。故选A。66.WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallanguage.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalkeeper.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthat英语第22页（共22页） eveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly可知踢球时他们的彼此理解使得那个亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C。67.WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan’squestionaboutthemoon?A.Thequestionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.C.Theauthordidn’tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn’tthinkJuanwassincere.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段InJuan’sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous可知在Juan的世界里,未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。可推断出Juan对世界知之甚少。故选B。68.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第七段aseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries;athirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries可推知作者把所知道的、所发现的进行了归类整理。故选A。69.Howdidthosebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedotherscientistsclosely.英语第22页（共22页） C.Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第八段Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers可知那些科学家经常看到和其他科学家看到的一样的东西,但他们更加关注这些发现,他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步,冒着被同行嘲笑的风险。可知杰出科学家的研究更有深度。故选D。70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossibleB.TheKnownandtheUnknownC.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilizedD.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent【解析】选B。主旨大意题。作者在与亚马逊雨林中生活的当地人的接触中,发现一些人对外部的世界并不了解。作者意识到,很多东西是人类已知的,还有很多是人类未知的。根据文章中关键词theunknown,whatweknowanddonotknow,可知标题应为TheKnownandtheUnknown,故选B。【难句剖析】Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.分析:本句是一个复合句。主句的主语是those英语第22页（共22页） scientists,谓语是see,things后是定语从句。并列连词but连接了后句。后句中and连接了两个并列句。翻译:那些科学家经常看到和其他科学家看到的一样的东西,但他们更加关注这些发现,他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步,冒着被同行嘲笑的风险。英语第22页（共22页） 英语第22页（共22页）