2022年高考英语复习小题多维练（通用版）专题04：史地常识类（原卷版）

题型一：阅读理解专题04：史地常识类题量要求：（45分钟）Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.ReadinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecan definitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.1.Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans__________.A.theturningpointinourhistoryB.thepresentstateofournationC.thelocationofourhomelandD.thetotalareaofourcountry2.Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A.Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B.Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C.Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D.Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.3.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A.Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.4.WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A.CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.B.OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C.readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.D.studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB.WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC.KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizonsRomewasn'tbuiltinaday.AndneitherwastheRomansubwaysystem.Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluable stonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewoodenfoundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.SolocalarchaeologistscalledinMauroBernabeioftheNationalResearchCouncilofItaly.He'sadendrochronologist:someonewhoanalyzestreerings,whichgiveageandenvironmentalinformation."Wehavetostudywoodbecauseit'sfull,reallyfull,ofinformation!"Bernabeiandhisteamfoundthatthewoodenplankswereoak(橡木).Butthewood'soriginwashardertodetermine.Sotheycomparedthetreeringsintheoakfloortothoseavailableinlibrariesoftreeringsthatcontaintimberfrom alloverEurope.AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.Theresearchersalsodeterminedthatitwasusedinabout40to60B．C．Andsomecamefromtreesalreadyupto300yearsoldwhentheywerecutdown.ThedetailsareinthejournalPLOSONE.ThediscoveryisthefirstclearevidenceofoakfromnorthoftheAlpsbeingusedtobuildancientRome.Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.Thesetrees,forexample,likelyfloateddowntworivers,acrosstheMediterraneanandupanotherrivertoRome.BernabeisaysRomanarchaeologistsusuallydestroyancientwood—it'snotasvaluableasjewelryandvasesandfrescos.Buthe'shopingthisstudymightchangetheirminds."Savethewood,yes!Andcallme,ifyoudon'twanttosave—please,callme!"Hesays.1．WhydoesthesubwayinRomegoslowly?A．ItishardtodiguptheearthinRome.B．Therearemanyancientruinsburiedhere.C．ItisverydangeroustoworktoofastinRomeD．TheRomanarenotexperiencedinbuildingsubways2．Whatcanpeoplelearnfromthewoodfoundations?A．ThewealthinancientRomeB．ThetradinginformationofancientRomeC．ThecultureofancientRomeD．ThesocialrelationsofancientRome 3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?A．ThestoneB．ThesubwayC．TheFrenchwoodD．TheRomanfoundation4．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．ScientistsfoundsomeinformationaboutancientRomeB．WoodwasnotasvaluableasstonesinancientRomeC．OnlytherichpeopleinancientRomecouldusewoodD．AncientRomecouldhavearichtradingnetwork.TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.ThefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJonson’sEveryManoutofHisHumour—withitsfirstscenewelcomingthe“graciousandkindspectators”—attheendoftheyear.On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.Accordingtooneofthefewsurvivingdocumentsoftheevent,noonewashurtexceptamanwhoseburningbreeches(炮后膛)wereputoutwithabottleofale.Itwasrebuiltinthefollowingyear.LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare’sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.Itisanacademicapproximationoftheoriginaldesign,basedonavailableevidenceofthe1599and1614buildings,andislocatedapproximately750feet(230m)fromthesiteoftheoriginaltheatre.5．HowdidtheGlobeTheatrebegintobeonfireon29June1613?A．Itwassetfiretobyaperformerbydesign.B．Itcaughtfirebyaccidentduringaplay.C．Amanputoutbreecheswithabottleofale. D．Itwasstartedbywoodenbeamsandstraws.6．Inwhatorderisthetextarranged?A．TimeB．SpaceC．ImportanceD．Flashback7．AccordingtothepassagealltheplayswereperformedintheGlobeTheatreEXCEPT________.A．JamesBurbage.B．EveryManoutofHisHumourC．HenryVIII.D．HenryV8．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．ThepopularityoftheGlobeTheatre.B．TheconstructionoftheGlobeTheatre.C．ThefunctionoftheGlobeTheatre.D．ThehistoryoftheGlobeTheatre.TheVictorians’WayofHavingFunWhetheritwasvisitingahumanzoo,takingabullonahot-airballoonride,orsingingbeautifulsongs,VictorianLondonerslovedtohavefun.Asperformancemanagerscameupwithincreasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthecapital’shugepotentialaudience,Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleisureindustry–includingthemeparks,pubsandprofessionalfootball.AsanewbookbyhistorianLeeJacksonexplains,thehuntforprofitinvolvessurroundingmorality,classandempire.SowheredidVictoriansgoforfun?Andwhatstillexiststoday?DancingRooms:ArgyllRooms,PiccadillyIt’snowabuildingsitenearLeicesterSquare,butwhentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein1878,therewasariot(暴乱).Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavouriteplacethattheytooktothestreets.TheArgyllclosedasthedancecrazecametoanend,andBignellturnedthespaceintotheTrocaderomusichall.Itkeptthatnamethroughthe20thcenturywhenitwastransformedintooneofLondon’smosttastelesstouristattractions.Thesitecurrentlyawaitsdevelopmentintoahotel.Pleasuregardens:GremorneGardens,Chelsea GremornewasrunbythreeWestEndpubowners,popularamongtheyoungpeoplethen.Itclosedin1877afterlosingitslicence.Pleasuregardensmoregenerallylosttheirmeaningofexistencewiththeestablishmentofpublicparks.London’srapidgrowthmeantthevaluablelandwasusuallysoldtobigcompaniesforotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon’sgreatpleasuregardensremain.PleasuregardenswerealsoovershadowedbylargerexhibitiongroundssuchastheCrystalPalace,whichtriedtofindawayofbalancingentertainmentwithculturaleducation.LittlephysicallyremainsoftheCrystalPalaceitself,whichmovedtoSydenhamfromHydeParkin1854,butthegrand200-acregroundsstillexistasapublicpark.OnthesiteoftheMethodistCentralHallwasashort-livedattractionthatattemptedtotransporttheseasidetocentralLondon.ItwasrailwaysthatmadeMargateandSouthendaccessibletoLondoners,andsomeoftheleisureactivitiespeculiartotheseasidesoonmadeitbacktothecapital.Footballgrounds:CravenCottage,StevenageRoad,FulhamFulhamFC,London’soldestprofessionalfootballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictoriansin1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,butitwastheVictorianswhocreatedthegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidforadmittance,withtheincomespentonacquiringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.9．Whichofthefollowingisnotsimilarinmeaningto“tooktothestreets”inPara.2?A．gatheredtogetherinthestreetsB．enjoyedwindowshoppingC．wentoutsideonthestreetsD．protestedonthestreets10．ThereasonwhyfewergreatpleasuregardensareleftinLondonisthat.A．peoplebuiltmorefactoriesB．theywereturnedintofarminglandC．thelandwassoldtodevelopersD．theybecameuniversitycampuses11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Themoneyfromfootballisusedtobuynewplayers.B．Londonhasmuchonitsfootballhistory.C．FulhamF.C．ismorethan200yearsold.D．TheVictorianshavecultivatedmanyfootballers.12．Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Thebuildingofrailwaysledtothethemeparks. B．TheWestEnd’sgardensbecamebighotels.C．TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodernleisureindustries.D．Theincomefrommodernfootballsupportsnewplayers.