1.形容词、副词的比较等级2.形容词、副词的转化以及与其他词类间的转换3.形容词和副词间的辨析基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingthere，andsomeofthemlookedanxiousanddisappointed(disappoint)．2．Thearticlesareintendedforyoungerreaders，butadultswillfindthissitesuitable(suit)forthemaswell.3．Wehavedonehalftheworksofar.Hopefully(hopeful)，wewillhavefinisheditbyDecember.4．Yesterdayhishealthtookaturnfortheworse(bad)，whichworriedhisparentsalot.5．Theboystoodupandacceptedtheprize,surprised(surprise)butveryhappy.6．Asthelastnamebecamewidely(wide)accepted，thefirstletterwascapitalized.7．Youhaven’tchangedatall—youstilllookexactly(exact)thesameasbefore.8．Theharder(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyou’llgethit.9．Factorieshavebecomecleanerasstricter(strict)environmentpollutionlawshavebeenintroduced.10．Hesaidthenovelwasveryinterestinganditwaswell(good)worthreading.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Iwasinthekitchenwithmychildrenwhenweheardanoise.Afewminutes，ourhousefelldown.12．Inaddition，theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyand，regardlessoftimeandspace.13.，shehadtogiveupherjobandreturntohercountrywithherparents.14．Sheisverysopopularintheschoolthatmanyteachersalsoliketointeractwithher.15．HisgentlevoicedidwondersandIdecidedtostudyharderandcompletemygraduation
.16．Thisisthemostbeautifulpark.Ihaveneverseenaonebefore.在语法填空中1．根据句子意思判断空格处要填的词在句子中作什么成分。下列情况常填形容词：(1)用来修饰名词；(2)位于系动词后作表语；(3)作宾补；(4)表示主语的状态。如果用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，则填副词。2．如果空格后有表示比较的提示词than，则填形容词或副词的比较级；如果有表示比较范围的in/of短语、定语从句，则填形容词或副词的最高级。另外，还要注意使用比较级的固定句式，如“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”等。在短文改错中常考查形容词和副词的误用。1．作表语时除了地点副词外均用形容词；作定语时，若前置则用形容词，如果后置则可能用地点副词或形容词短语；作状语时除了有少数几个能表示主语情况的形容词外，一般用副词。2．如果有“in＋范围”或“of＋范围”来限定范围，要用最高级形式。3．注意一些固定句型。如“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”；“can’t....more...”等。4．注意一些习惯用法，确定形容词或副词的形式。如what’smore/worse，soonerorlater等。能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解AWhichcountrycanyoutraveltoin2020thatwillallowyoutogoforlonger，enjoyahigherstandard，andsavemoremoney?Thefollowingdestinationsofferaccommodation，transportation，andfoodforless.Kyrgyzstan，$25/dayKyrgyzstanisthechoiceformosttravelersinterestedintryingoutCentralAsia，andmostwellsuitedtotravelersofallbudgets.Foodischeap，soisgettingaroundusingtheminibuses.Youcanfindhostelsandlocalhomestaysforlessthan$10.Mealscost$4－$8perday.Romania，$33/dayIfyouareplanningaEuropeantripthat’saffordableandalittlebitoffthebeatenpath，Romaniaisperfectforyou.Unlikeotherpopularplaces，manycharmingtownshereremainunknowntomostforeigners.Youcanalsotakefreewalkingtoursinthenumeroushistorical
sites.Hostelsrun$10－$15pernight，foodisheartyanddelicious，andthepublictransportationisreliableandaffordable.Mealscost$10－$15perday.Arizona&Utah，$55/dayForanAmericanSouthwestroadtrip，you’llspendanaverageof$110/daywhenyouaresolo.Ifyouhavejustoneotherperson，you’dbeabletosplitthecostsalmostperfectlyinhalf.Ifyouhavetwootherpeoplealong，takeitdowntoonethirdandsoon.Themorethemerrier.SouthAfrica，$40/dayAnyhostelsinSouthAfricaareinbeautifulsettingsandeachhasauniquepersonality，andaffordabletoo.Foodcangetexpensive.Tosavemoney，cookyourownfood.Grocerystoresareplentifulandhavereasonableprices.Byatleastcookingyourownbreakfast，youcansavealotofmoney.Thebest(andpossiblycheapest)waytogetaroundthecountryistorentacarandsharewith3otherpeople.Mealscost$12－$15perday.1．WhatmakesRomaniadifferentfromtheotherplaces?A．Nicehostels.B．Deliciousfood.C．Lessvisitedtowns.D．Cheaptransportation.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据Romania部分中的第二句“Unlikeotherpopularplaces，manycharmingtownshereremainunknowntomostforeigners.”可知，罗马尼亚的许多迷人城镇对大多数外国人来说仍然是陌生的。由此可推知选C。2．WhatmaytheauthorrecommendfortravellinginSouthAfrica?A．Driveyourowncars.B．Cookyourownlunches.C．Stayinexcellenthotels.D．Finduniquetravelpartners.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据SouthAfrica部分中的第三句“Tosavemoney，cookyourownfood.”可知，在南非为了省钱，可以自己做饭。故选B。3．Whatfeaturedothefourdestinationsshare?A．They’refamousforhistoricalplaces.B．They’rethebestplacesfortravelling.C．Theyhaveconvenientpublictransportation.
D．They’regoodtravelchoicesforsavingmoney.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了几个省钱的旅游目的地。故选D。BRainbowcolouredrubbishisthecolourfulwastecreatedbyaSwedishcitywithauniquerecyclingsystem.LikemanycitiesinSweden，Eskilstunahasanimpressiverecyclingrecord.ItmettheEU’s2020targetofrecycling50%ofwastemanyyearsago.Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome.Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood，textiles，cartonsandmetal.Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.Thereasonforthisbecomesclearatthecity’srecyclingplant.Thebagsarrivealljumbledupbecausethey’recollectedaltogether，onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople’shouses.Butthankstothosebrightcolours，scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.Thefoodwasteingreenbagsisprocessedonsiteintoslurry(浆)tomakebiogas，whichpowersthecity’sbuses.Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscrosspollution，somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.LiketherestofSweden，Eskilstunaiscommittedtosendingzerowastefromitscitizenstolandfill(垃圾填埋场)．Wastethatcannotberecycledisincineratedatalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.Thisreducesrelianceonfossilfuels，butdoescreategreenhousegases.Ascountriesaroundtheworldtrytoimprovetheirrecyclingrates，somemaylooktoEskilstunaasanexampletofollow—aslongastheythinktheycanpersuadetheircitizenstogetbusysortingwasteathome.语篇解读 本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞典城市埃斯基尔斯蒂纳在垃圾回收时将不同类别的垃圾用不同颜色的垃圾袋收纳的独特之举，同时分析了此种举措存在的优势。4．HowdopeopledealwiththeirhouseholdwasteinEskilstuna?A．Sortingandputtingitincolourfulbags.B．Dyeingitwithdifferentcolours.C．Processingandrecyclingitathome.D．Sortingandtakingitouteveryweek.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteinto...isthebrightcolourcode.”和第二段的“scannerscanselectthebags”“ingreenbags”可知，在埃斯基尔斯蒂纳，人们会把生活垃圾分类，装在不同颜色的袋子里。5．Whatistheadvantageofthebrightcolourcode?
A．Itavoidscrosspollutionentirely.B．Thewastecanbestoredinafixedsite.C．It’seasiertoclassifythebagsofrubbish.D．Thecitytakesonacolourfullook.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Butthankstothosebrightcolours，scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.”可知，由于垃圾袋鲜艳的颜色，扫描仪可以高效地把它们挑拣并分离开来。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incinerated”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Burnt.B．Broken.C．Reused.D．Washed.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“atalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.Thisreducesrelianceonfossilfuels，butdoescreategreenhousegases”可知，不能回收的垃圾会在当地的一家工厂被处理并用于发电，这减少了对化石燃料的依赖，但也产生了温室气体，故这一处理方式应为焚烧。incinerate“将……烧成灰烬，烧毁”，与A项词义接近。7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TipsonSortingofHouseholdWasteB．ASwedishCity’sRecyclingEffortsC．AUniqueWasteRecyclingPlanD．ANewPolicyonConservation答案 B解析 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了瑞典城市埃斯基尔斯蒂纳在废物回收方面所做的种种努力：执行严格的回收政策、焚烧不能回收的垃圾来发电等，故B项最适合作本文标题。Ⅳ.完形填空“Willyougivemykitealift？”saidmylittle1tohissister.Lucyverykindlytookitupandthrewitintotheair，but，herbrother2torunoffatthesamemoment，thekitefelldownagain.“Itwasyour3entirely，”saidhissister.“Tryagain，children，”Isaid.They4，andwithmorecare，but5again.“Therearetoomanytreeshere；letusfindamore6space，andthentryagain，”Isaid.Wesoon7afine，openspace.Itossed(抛)thekiteupjustaslittleJohnranoff.Itrose；butJohn，8tofinditpullingsohardatthestring，stoppedshorttolookupwardand9theflyingkite.And，thewindnotbeingvery10，downcamethekitetothegrass.“OhJohn，youshould
nothave11，”Isaid.“However，tryagain.”“Iwon’ttryanymore，”hereplied.“Itisuseless，yousee.Idon’twanttobe12withitanylonger.”“Oh，mylittleman！Wouldyou13thesport，afterallthe14wehavetakenbothtomakeandtoflythekite？Afew15oughtnottodiscourageus.Comeon！Ihavewoundupyourstring，andnowtryagain.”Andhedidtry，and16.Whenthestringwasallout，Johnstoodingreatdelight.“Look，look，Aunt；howhighitflies！”Afterenjoyingthesightas17ashewished，littleJohnbegantorollupthestringslowly.“Shallwecomeouttomorrow，Aunt，andtryagain？”“Yes，mydear，ifthe18isfine.Andnow，perhapsyouhavelearnedthevalueof19fromyourmorning’ssport.IwishyouTRYAGAIN20youfailinyourattemptstodoanygoodthing.”1．A.sonB．nephewC．brotherD．cousin答案 B解析 根据下文John称呼作者为Aunt可知选nephew“侄子”。2．A.forgettingB．beginningC．waitingD．preparing答案 A解析 后半句说风筝又落了下来，从此处情节来看，是Lucy往上抛风筝的同时，John忘了跑起来。forget“忘记”符合语境。3．A.dutyB．faultC．jobD．turn答案 B解析 Lucy说风筝没有飞起来，完全是弟弟的错，因为他没有跑。fault“错误”符合语境。4．A.wereB．wouldC．couldD．did答案 D解析 这里用did代替第二段作者讲的“Tryagain”这句话中try的过去式tried。5．A.quarreledB．hurriedC．failedD．stopped答案 C
解析 由下文“我”提议换个地方和鼓励他们“tryagain”可知，尽管两个孩子更加小心，但还是失败了。6．A.nearB．quietC．cleanD．open答案 D解析 由下一段首句中的“afine，openspace”可知选D项，是找个更开阔的地方。7．A.foundB．crossedC．leftD．chose答案 A解析 由上段末的“...letusfindamorespace...”中的find可知选A项。8．A.worriedB．amazedC．delightedD．determined答案 C解析 几经失败之后，风筝飞起来了，而且风筝还把线扯得很紧，John当然非常开心，故C项正确。9．A.observedB．admiredC．pulledD．waved答案 B解析 John看到风筝把线扯得很紧，所以停了一会儿，抬头欣赏飞翔的风筝，故B项符合语境。10．A.warmB．strongC．lightD．immediate答案 B解析 造成“downcamethekitetothegrass”这个结果的原因，一是John停下来看，没有跑，二是风不够大，故选B项。11．A.watchedB．changedC．thrownD．stopped答案 D解析 由上文的“...stoppedshorttolookupward...”可知，“我”对John说不应该停下来，故D项符合语境。12．A.strictB．interestedC．tiredD．pleased答案 C解析 根据上文可知，放风筝失败了很多次，这次又掉了下来，John
有些泄气，他不想再让自己白受累，故选C项。13．A.giveupB．putupC．breakupD．cutup答案 A解析 由上文中John说“Iwon’ttryanymore...”可知，他想放弃放风筝了。giveup“放弃”符合语境。14．A.painsB．timesC．decisionsD．gains答案 A解析 由空后面的“tomakeandtoflythekite”可知，他们从做风筝到放风筝，已经付出了不少的辛劳与努力，故用pains。15．A.wordsB．disappointmentsC．dangersD．jokes答案 B解析 这里表示“几次失望不应使我们泄气”。disappointment令人失望的事物。16．A.ranB．smiledC．succeededD．struggled答案 C解析 根据下文的“howhighitflies”可知，这次成功了，故选C项。17．A.longB．muchC．freelyD．highly答案 A解析 风筝飞起来后，John玩了个够，最后由他自己慢慢地将线收起来，故用long，指玩的时间够长。18．A.spaceB．kiteC．stringD．weather答案 D解析 因为是在室外放风筝，因此要看明天的天气好不好，故选D项。19．A.loveB．optimismC．perseveranceD．honesty答案 C解析 “tryagain”是贯穿全文的主线，激励孩子在遭遇失败时，要勇于尝试。perseverance“坚持不懈”符合语境。20．A.whicheverB．whenever
C．whateverD．however答案 B解析 无论什么时候，当你试图做的好事没有做成时，一定要再试一次。Ⅰ.高频词汇积累1．standardn．标准adj.标准的；通常的2．destinationn．目的地3．accommodationn．住处，办公处；住宿4．budgetn．预算v．把……编入预算5．rentv．租用；出租n．租金6．rubbishn．垃圾7．uniqueadj.独特的；稀罕的8．targetn．目标；指标；靶子9．coden．代码；密码10．generatevt.产生Ⅱ.长难句分析Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscrosspollution，somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.[句式分析] 本句为并列复合句。so是并列连词，前面的句子中的that引导表语从句，后面的句子中的recycled为过去分词作定语，修饰waste。[自主翻译] 这种回收方法的好处之一是交叉污染更少，因此更多的回收废物实际上能被用来制造新东西。[仿写运用] 他的建议是我们马上出发。Hisadviceisthatweshouldsetoffatonce.
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