Unit3Backtothepast
NO.1单词——在积累中强化记忆[阅读单词]请在认识词义的单词前打上对号□civilizationn．□volcanon.□eruptvi.□commercialadj.□sandstormn.□instituten.
□corruptvt.&adj.□lecturen.□sailorn.□historicaladj.□solutionn.□philosophyn.□researchern.□scholarn.□gloryn.
[写作词汇]1．_________vt.兴建，创建2．________vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3．__________________adj.逼真的4．____________n．灾难5．___________vt.毁坏，摧毁foundfleetrue－to－lifedisasterdestroy
6．____________adj.文化的7．________n．废墟；毁坏8．____________n．文献9．____________vi.抱怨10．____________n．观众，听众11．____________n．仪式，典礼culturalruindocumentcomplainaudienceceremony
12．___________vt.宣布，宣称13．_________vi.&n．前进，进发；游行14．_________n．士兵；军队，部队15．__________adv.&adj.在附近(的)16．___________adj.极度的；极端的17．____________n．材料；物质adj.物质的declaremarchtroopnearbyextremematerial
18．__________n．毒药，毒物vt.毒害，下毒19．________vi.&vt.涌流，倾泻；倒出(液体)20．_________n．法官，审判员；裁判员21．_________adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先poisonpourjudgeahead
[拓展词汇]1．fortunateadj.幸运的→_______________adv.幸运地→_______________adj.不幸的，遗憾的→_________________adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地2．decoratevt.装饰，装潢→______________n．装饰，装饰品3．wealthn．财富，财产→___________adj.富有的，富裕的fortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelydecorationwealthy
4．gradualadj.渐渐的，逐渐的→_____________adv.渐渐地，逐渐地5．remainv．遗留，剩余；继续存在→___________n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→_____________adj.剩余的6．explodevi.爆炸→_____________n．爆炸，爆发graduallyremainsremainingexplosion
7．expressvt.表达，表示→______________n．表达；表情，神色8．powern．动力，权力→____________adj.强有力的9．memoryn．记忆(力)；回忆→____________vt.记忆；背诵→____________n．纪念馆，纪念碑adj.纪念的10．educatevt.教育→_____________n．教育，培养→____________n．教育者，教育家expressionpowerfulmemorizememorialeducationeducator
11．awareadj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→_____________n．认识，意识12．basen．基地；根基；基础v.以……为基础→_________n．基础；基准；原因→_________adj.基础的awarenessbasisbasic
[联想记忆]1．与众不同的“复数形式”名词①ruins废墟②pains操劳③ashes灰烬④sufferings苦难⑤fires火灾⑥floods洪灾，涝灾
2．“走”遍天下①wandervi.漫步；闲逛②pacev．踱步；缓慢而行③crawlv．爬行；匍匐行进④marchv．行军，进军⑤rushv．冲；奔；闯⑥walkv．散步；步行
3．“n.＋n.”合成词一览①sandstorm沙尘暴②armchair扶手椅③steamboat汽船④teamwork协作⑤airfield(军用)机场⑥bookstore书店
NO.2短语——在积累中灵活运用[单元短语背诵]1．_____________夺取；接管2．________________纪念3．____________无疑，确实4．___________________起义，反抗5．________________________阻碍(某人)takeoverinmemoryofnodoubtriseupagainststandinone'spath
6．__________________患(病)7．___________________被活埋8．____________结果是，证明是9．______________毁掉；身体垮掉；抛锚10．_________________与……一起11．____________涌出comedownwithbeburiedaliveturnoutbreakdowntogetherwithpourout
12．____________集中(精力)于13．_____________实施；执行14．____________在船上(飞机上或火车上)15．__________________对……感到厌烦16．_____________________让某人意识到focusoncarryoutonboardhaveenoughofmakesb.awareof
17．________________参加18．____________在……前面19．_____________少于20．_______________________向……宣战takepartinaheadoflessthandeclarewaragainst
[主题词块记忆]1．experiencediverseChineseculture______________________2．bekeptingoodcondition____________3．passdown________4．spreadChineseculture________________5．turnagainst________体验多元的中国文化保存完好传承传播中国文化背叛
6．serveinthearmy________7．defend...against...____________8．datefrom________________9．culturalrelics____________10．humanehistoricalsites________________服役防御……起源于；始于文化遗迹人文历史遗址
11．belocated/situatedinBeijing______________12．haveahistoryof1，000years___________________13．coveranareaof60squarekilometers________________________14．datebacktoQingDynasty________________位于北京市有1000年的历史占地面积为60平方公里追溯到清朝
NO.3句式——在仿写中完美升级1．Nearthecitywasavolcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。[句式解读]表示地点或处所的介词短语置于句首时，句子使用全部倒装。[句式仿写]_________________________________abeautifulmoderncity—Tai'an.一座美丽的现代都市——泰安坐落于泰山脚下。AtthefootofMountTaisits
2．Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity，theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared，leavingemptyspacesintheash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人之后，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
[句式解读]现在分词作结果状语，常表示意料、情理之中的自然而然的结果。[句式仿写]Ihavebeenbusymakingpreparationsforthefinalexam，____________________________tocommunicatewithmyfamilyorhangoutwithmyfriends.我一直忙着准备期末考试，没有多少时间和家人交流，也没有时间和朋友们闲逛了。leavingmenotmuchtime
3．Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand—whatapity!这片沙漠曾经是一块有许多大树的绿洲，但是这些树被砍倒了，导致了这座城市被沙子掩埋——多么遗憾啊！
[句式解读]动名词的复合结构(名词＋v.－ing形式)作主语、宾语等。[句式仿写]Iwouldliketomajorinlaw，butmyparentsinsiston____________________________．我想学法律专业，但我的父母亲却坚持让我学医。me/mylearningmedicine
4．Inlessthan9minutes，theshipsankwith1，177menonboard.在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1177人都沉了下去。[句式解读]“with＋宾语＋介词短语”复合结构，在句中可作状语或定语。[句式仿写]Intheend，wetookagroupphoto，_______________________________，torecordthisunforgettableexperience.(2018·高考北京卷)最后，我们拍了一张合影，手里拿着茶杯或茶，记录了这次难忘的经历。(with复合结构)withcupsorteainourhands
bealiveto注意到……；对……敏感stayalive活下去comealive恢复生机；活跃起来；变得生动
完成句子①Maybeyou'veheardaboutAlzheimer'spatients________________whentheyhearasongfromtheirpast.也许你听说过阿尔茨海默病患者在听到他们过去的歌曲时会活跃起来。②Sheisagirl____________themoodsofothers.她是个对别人的情绪很敏感的女孩。comingalivealiveto
熟词生义A．有活力的，有生气的B．敏感的C．活着的③Althoughheiseighty，heisstillverymuchalive._____A
词义辨析alive，living，live※alive意为“有生命的；有生气的；活着的”，只用作表语、后置定语或补足语，不用作前置定语。既可指人，也可指物，常和living互换。作“活着的”解时，不用very修饰，可用much，verymuch，all等修饰。※living意为“活的，健在的；现行的”，既可作定语，也可作表语。既可用于人，又可用于物。livinglanguages现用的语言；livingthings生物。※live意为“活的，有生命的”，只作定语，且只用于物。
用alive，live，living填空④Sheboughta________fishatthesupermarketyesterday.⑤Theymanagedtostay_________byeatingroots.⑥Therearemany__________personsintheruins.livealiveliving
(1)fortunateadj.幸运的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.在……方面运气好Itisfortunatethat...幸运的是……(2)fortunen．机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运makeafortune发财；致富seek/tryone'sfortune碰运气havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸做某事(fortune后只接不定式)
单句语法填空①_______________(fortune)，theyhadanexcellentteacherduringhighschool.②Ihadthegoodfortune________________(choose)forstudyingabroad.Fortunatelytobechosen
一句多译她很幸运有一位好丈夫。③_____________________________________________④_______________________________________________⑤_________________________________________________⑥_________________________________________Sheisfortunatetohaveagoodhusband.Sheisfortunateinhavingagoodhusband.Itisfortunatethatshehasagoodhusband.Fortunately，shehasagoodhusband.
(1)beyondexpression无法形容withoutexpression毫无表情giveexpressionto表达；表现；把……表达出来(2)expressv．表达；表示n.快车；快递adj.快递的；特快的；明确的expressoneself表达自己的思想感情(3)expressiveadj.有表现力的；表达的
单句语法填空①Lookingback，Irealizethatthroughyearsofsuchexperiences，Ihavebecomeaconfident，______________(express)person.②Theartworldgavemeachancetoexpress__________(I)withoutwords.③Thescenerytherewasbeautiful__________expression.expressivemyselfbeyond
句型转换④He'snoteducatedenoughtoexpressallhisthoughts.→He'snoteducatedenoughto______________________allhisthoughts.giveexpressionto
熟词生义A．表达B．快车C．快递⑤Hecamebythemidnightexpress._____B
完成句子⑥(2018·高考北京卷)FirstIwouldliketo____________________________toyouandIamsureyouwillhavethemostunforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.首先，我想对你表示最热烈的欢迎，并且我相信你在北京上大学期间将有最难忘的经历。expressmywarmestwelcome
[实战贴士]express表示“表达，表示”等意时，习惯上不接双宾语，可用expresssth.tosb.，且express后一般不接that从句，可接疑问词引导的从句。
ingood/badcondition身体好/不好；状态好/不好outofcondition(＝inbadcondition)身体不好；状态不佳onconditionthat...[under(the)conditionthat...]条件是……on/undernocondition决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
单句语法填空①Icouldnotstandthese______________(condition)anylongeranddecidedtoleave.②_____________noconditionmustyoutellthemthesecret.③Thesalesmansaidthecarwas______goodcondition，andIwasfoolishenoughtobelievehim.conditionsOn/Underin
句型转换④Lindadidn'tgetthereontimebecauseofthebadweather.Additionally，hercarwasinpoorcondition.→Lindadidn'tgetthereontimebecauseofthebadweather.Additionally，hercarwas____________________．⑤Hecanusethebicycleifhereturnsittomorrow.→Hecanusethebicycle_____________________hereturnsittomorrow.outofconditiononconditionthat
熟词生义A．条款B．环境C．疾病⑥Whatisthetreatmentforthiscondition？_____C
[实战贴士]表示“环境”“情况”等时，习惯上condition要用复数；表示“在……情况(环境)下”，其前可用介词in或under。表示“以……为条件”时，其前通常接介词on或under。
(1)beawareof/that...意识到……；明白……asfarasI'maware据我所知(2)awarenessn．意识；认识raise/strengthenone'sawarenessof提高/增强某人的……意识
单句语法填空①Inmyopinion，it'sveryimportanttodevelop______awarenessofhealthnow.②(2018·高考天津卷)Ifyour_____________(aware)isassharpasitcouldbe，you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.③Theteachertriedtoraisehisstudents'awareness______environmentalprotection.anawarenessof
句型转换④Thoughweareawareofhishonesty，westilldon'twanttoleaveittohim.→Thoughweareaware_____________________，westilldon'twanttoleaveittohim.thatheishonest
[实战贴士]aware表示“意识到/觉察到某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，verymuch，much等修饰，但不能用very。
declarefor/against声明赞成/反对declarewaron/against向……宣战declare...tobe/as...宣布……为/是……declarethat...宣告；宣称……
单句语法填空①Theheadmaster____________(declare)themeetingopenat8：00thismorning.②Inaword，hisactionsdeclaredhim_________(be)anhonestman.declaredtobe
一句多译他宣布这是真的。③He________________________true.(复合句)④He_____________________true.(简单句)declaredthatitwasdeclaredittobe
(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断……asfarasIcanjudge据我判断；我认为(2)judgingby/from从……上看；根据……判断
单句语法填空①Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadly__________(judge)．②I'mwritingtoinviteyoutobe_____judgeatourEnglishspeechcontesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15.③___________(judge)fromtheabovestory，wecandrawtheconclusionthatwecan'tjudgeabook____________itscover.judgedaJudgingby/from
完成句子④(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)_________________________，thefarmworkprogrammewasverymeaningful.我认为，这个农活活动非常有意义。[实战贴士]judgingfrom/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。AsfarasIcanjudge
8．ruinn．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.毁灭；使破产；成为废墟[佳句背诵]Nomatterhowfamousabrandis，itcanbeinruinsonceitbetraysthetrustofconsumers.无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。
(1)lie/beinruins成为废墟fallintoruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃bereducedtoruins沦为废墟(2)ruinsth./sb./oneself毁坏某物/毁掉某人/自己ruinone'shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
单句语法填空①WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday，theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodin_________(ruin)．ruins
一句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。②Hemadeamistake，___________________________ofgoingabroad.(定语从句)③Hemadeamistake，______________________ofgoingabroad.(分词短语作状语)whichruinedhischanceruininghischance
(1)remainvi.剩下；停留；留待；依然remainlink.－v.保持；仍然是……remaintobedone某事有待去做(2)remainingadj.余下的，剩下的theremainingmoney/time剩下的钱/时间
单句语法填空①(2019·高考天津卷)Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremain_____________(unchange)．②Ladiesandgentlemen，pleaseremain__________(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.③Itremainsto___________(see)whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.unchangedseatedbeseen
完成句子④Inspiteoftheirquarrel，they___________________________(仍然是最好的朋友)．[实战贴士]当表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，remaining常被放在被修饰词之前作前置定语，而left常被放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。remainthebestfriends
10．complainvi.抱怨；发牢骚；诉说；控诉[佳句背诵]It'snousecomplainingwithouttakinganyactionasweallknowactionsspeaklouderthanwords.只抱怨而不采取行动是没用的，因为我们都知道行动胜于言辞。
(1)complaintosb.of/aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事complain(tosb.)that...抱怨……(2)complaintn.抱怨，牢骚，投诉makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth./that...向某人抱怨……
单句语法填空①(2018·高考天津卷)Thestudentsbegancomplaining_________howcolditwouldbe.②(2020·高考江苏卷)Onehumorous_____________(complain)makesafunnyperson.Buttoomanycomplaintswillboreyouraudience.aboutcomplaint
takein收留；吸收；欺骗；领会takeon开始雇用；呈现；承担takeup拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占用(时间、空间等)takeoff脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞；成功，(事业)腾飞；开始流行；请假；匆匆离开
用take短语的正确形式完成语段Attheageof18，he①_____________hisfather'scompany.Asachiefmanager，he②___________anumberoftalents，whichmadehiscompany③___________anewlook.Atlast，hiscareer④____________．18岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现新的面貌。最终，他的事业步入正轨。tookovertookintakeontookoff
写出下列句中takeup的含义⑤Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.____________⑥Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneleftoff.________开始从事继续
⑦Wetriedtofindatableforseven，buttheywerealltakenup.________⑧Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing？________占用接受
indefenseof保卫infavo(u)rof支持；赞成inhono(u)rof为了纪念inneedof需要inpraiseof赞扬inplaceof取代insearchof寻找insupportof支持
用“in＋n.＋of”短语填空①Thewomanwritermadeuphermindtowriteabook__________________women'sliberation.②I'velearnedthattheEnglishAssociationofourschoolisnow_____________somevolunteerstoreceiveforeignstudentsvisitingourschool.insupport/favo(u)rofinneedof
③Hewrotepoems________________ourgreatsocialistmotherland.④Afilmwillbemade____________________________thosebravefirefighters.inpraiseofinmemory/hono(u)rof
经典句型归纳1．[教材原句]Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthat_________________________________________－whatapity!这片沙漠曾经是一块长着参天大树的绿洲，但这些树木被砍倒了，导致了这座城市被风沙埋葬——多么遗憾啊！句中thecitybeingburiedbysand为动名词的复合结构作resultedin的宾语。resultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand
在动名词复合结构中，用普通格或所有格，一般遵循下列规定：(1)若动名词复合结构在句中作主语，通常用所有格形式；(2)若动名词复合结构在句中作宾语，用普通格或所有格均可；(3)若动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物名词，则名词要用普通格。Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree，orthreetotwo.当数目从二变到三或从三变到二时，婴儿更注意正方形物体在屏幕上胡乱地运动。
完成句子We'relookingforwardto_____________．我们盼望着春天的到来。springcoming
2．[教材原句]Inlessthan9minutes，theshipsank_____________________________．在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1177人都沉了下去。句中with1，177menonboard为with的复合结构，在句中作状语。with1，177menonboard
(1)“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”在语法上常被称为“with的复合结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况。(2)“with的复合结构”常作伴随、方式、原因、时间、条件等状语，也可以作定语。(3)作宾语的可以是名词或代词，作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词。
完成句子①________________________allthework，theywillsoonhavegotinthecrops.(原因状语)由于所有的工作都是由机器来完成，他们将很快收完庄稼。②Theboyalwayssleeps____________________________(伴随状语)这个男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。③_____________________，treesturngreen.(时间状语)春天到了，树变绿了。WithmachinerytodowithhisheadonthearmWithspringcomingon
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheT－shirtIreceivedisnotthesame__isshownonline.2．Thespecificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicaland________(culture)forces.3．It'sbettertogive__________(express)toyouranger，ratherthanhideit.4．SinceIwas______(seat)nearthemiddleofabout35students，itwaseasytofigureoutwhichquestionsImighthavetoanswer.asculturalexpressionseated
5．It's_________(extreme)importantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents.6．Itisawonderthatmorepeopledon'twakeupeachmorningandgreetthesingingbirdswitha_________(complain)aboutthenoise.7．However_______(wealth)wemaybe，wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.extremelycomplaintwealthy
8．Thebigcompanyhas_________(gradual)absorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.9．Forgivehisbad_________(judge)，movequietlyandenjoytheshow.10．_____________(fortunate)，hisfatherdiedleavingthefamilyevenworseoff.graduallyjudgementUnfortunately
Ⅱ.教材语法填空LostcivilizationsIfelt1._________(luck)tohavewonaplacetogoonaculturaltourtositesoflostcivilizations.WevisitedPompeiiinItalyandLoulaninChina.Pompeii2._______________(found)inthe8thcenturyBC，thentakenoverbytheRomansin89BC.3._________(late)，Pompeiiwasdestroyedbyavolcano.IteruptedandcoveredPompeiiwithash.4._________________luckywasfoundedLaterUnfortunately
(fortunate)，manypeoplewereburiedalive.Thecitywasforgottenformanyyears5._________the18thcenturywhenastone6.________writingonitwasdiscoveredbyafarmer.Peopledugintheareaand7.__________(cause)muchdamage.Thus，in1860，theareawasprotectedbythegovernmentsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.untilwithcaused
8_______________(differ)，Loulandisappearedunderthesand.Therewerejustafewruinsleft.Therewasanancientwatersystemthatranthroughthemiddleofthecity.Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdown，9._________resultedinthecity10.________________(bury)bysand.Theybothwereimportantcommercialcitiesabout2，000yearsago.Itwassopitifulthattheydisappearedforever.Differentlywhichbeingburied
1．Thereexistedanobviousconflictbetweentheaccountsofthewitnesses，soajudgmentwasnotannouncedincourt._____2．Thejudgedirectedthedefendanttoremainsilent._____DC
3．Soonaftershebeganclassesandprivatelessons，herfamilysawavastimprovementinherabilitytomove._____B
Ⅳ.微写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。1．今天下午一些学者和研究者将给我们做关于与室友关系的报告。(scholar；researcher)2．无疑这对我们学生是有好处的。(nodoubt)3．在复旦大学研究生黄洋被室友投毒后，我们应该意识到互相抱怨是不好的。(poison；complain)4．我们应该友好相处，设法找到解决问题的合适办法。(solution)
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[参考范文]Thisafternoon,somescholarsandresearcherswillgiveusalectureonrelationshipwithourroommates.Nodoubtit'sgoodforusstudents.AfterHuangYang，apostgraduatestudentatFudanUniversity，waspoisonedbyhisroommate，weshouldbeawarethatit'snotgoodtocomplainabouteachother.Weshouldgetalongwellwithothersandtrytofindpropersolutionstoproblems.
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