Unit5Firstaid
主题:人与自我 子话题:健康生活与饮食 对应教材:必修3Unit2Healthyeating;必修5Unit5Firstaid;选修6Unit3Ahealthylife;选修7Unit1Livingwell
Step1诵读经典·渗透文化意识Ⅰ.细品味经典文章Asweallknow,havingaknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakeadifferenceinourdailylife.Ifatrafficaccidenthappensandsomeoneisinjured,thefollowingstepscanbeusedtotreattheinjured.Inthefirstplace,weshouldmakesurethattheaccidentsceneissafesothatwewon’tgethurt.WeshouldasktheinjuredpersonifheisOK,andseeifheisbreathing.What’smore,weshouldcheckforcutsandwounds.Forasimplecut,itisonlynecessarytowashtheareaofthecut,dryitandcoveritwithapieceofdrycleancloth.Ifheisbleedingbadly,itisvitalthatweshouldtrytostopthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretotheinjury.Thisisbecauseifapersonlosestoomuchblood,hemaydie.Ifnecessary,taketheinjuredpersontothehospitalassoonaspossible.Doremember:whengivingfirstaid,pleasebesuretoplacethepersoninarecoveryposition.
Ⅱ.按要求完成任务1.写出文章中与“急救”相关的单词和短语。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.需要进行急救的时候,第一步需要确认什么?_________________________________________________________________________________firstaid;injured;treat;gethurt;checkforcutsandwounds;cover;bleed;applypressuretotheinjury;blood;recoverypositionInthefirstplace,weshouldmakesurethattheaccidentsceneissafesothatwewon’tgethurt.
Step2固本强基·锻造语言能力Ⅰ.重点词汇1.aidn.&vt.帮助;援助;资助【教材原句】Firstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound.(P33)急救指的是在找来医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人的一种临时帮助形式。
【词块必记】(1)do/offer/give/perform/carryoutfirstaidtosb.对某人进行急救withtheaidofsb.=withsb.’said在某人的帮助下inaidof为了援助(2)aidsb.insth./doingsth.在某方面帮助某人aidsb.withsth.以某事/物帮助某人aidsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Iaidthepoorgirlin__________(continue)herstudy.②Theywereaccusedofaidinghim________(escape).③_____theaidofourEnglishteacher,wehavemadegreatprogressthisterm.④FatherPoolewalkedpainfully,withthe___(aid)ofastick.continuingtoescapeWithaid
【一句多译】上大学期间我帮助他做研究。⑤__________________________whileIwasatcollege.(aidsb.todo...)⑥_____________________________whileIwasatcollege.(aidsb.indoing...)⑦_________________________whileIwasatcollege.(aidsb.with...)IaidedhimtodohisresearchIaidedhimindoinghisresearchIaidedhimwithhisresearch
2.vitaladj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;生气勃勃的;必不可少的【典型例句】Ifwearetomakeadifferenceinlife,it’svitalthatwe(should)beginwithsmallthings.如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用,重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。
【词块必记】bevitalto/for对……是重要的Itisvitaltodo...做……是重要的Itisvitalthat...(should)do...重要的是……vitallyadv.极其;绝对vitalityn.生命力;活力;热情
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Enoughsleepisvital_____thestudents’well-beingandhealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisvital_______(keep)accuraterecords.③Lesley’scareerinthechurchis______(vital)importanttoher.④Overtheyears,tomodernizethecompany’sproductionstructureisfullof_______(vital)andfamous.for/totokeepvitallyvitality
3.treatvt.&vi.治疗;对待;款待n.款待;招待【教材原句】JohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade’shands.(P38)约翰用这些疗法来治疗斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤。
【词块必记】treatsb.as...把某人当……看待treatsb.with...以……方式对待某人treatsth.seriously认真对待某事/某物treatsb./oneselfto用……款待某人/自己It’smytreat.我请客。treatmentn.治疗;处理;待遇undertreatment在治疗中
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Policesaythey’retreatingit__acaseofattemptedmurder.②Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatme__avacationlikeneverbefore.③We’vegottotreatpeople____respectanddignity.④Afteryearsofregular_________(treat),shefinallybecamehealthy.⑤_______(treat)inaproperway,thepatientwaslikelytobesaved.翻译句子⑥这个经理正在接受一种罕见的皮肤病的治疗。__________________________________________________astowithtreatmentTreatedThemanagerisbeingtreatedforarareskindiseasenow.
Ⅱ.核心短语4.makeadifference区别对待;有影响;起(重要)作用【教材原句】Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.(P38)它表明,急救知识真的有实际意义。
【词块必记】(1)makeadifferenceto对……有作用/有影响makesome/no/littledifference(to...)(对……)有些/没/几乎没作用或影响(2)tellthedifference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)Itmakesnodifferencetosb.对某人来说……是没有关系的
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Hiswordsmakenodifference__him,forheisquitestubborn.②Doesitmake_____differencewhethershewillcometoourparty?③Thetwinsaresoalike;it’sdifficulttotellthe_________(different)betweenthem.【完成句子】④Evenifitisasmallthing,itcouldstill____________________________________.即使是一件小事情,也可以使环境大大改观。toany/adifferencemakemuchdifferencetotheenvironment
Ⅲ.经典句式5.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。【句型公式】bedoing...when...正在做……,这时突然……when在此句中为并列连词,意为“就在这时,恰恰在这时”,多用于下列句型:(1)bedoing...when...正在做……这时……(2)beabouttodo...when...正要做……这时……(3)hadjustdone...when...刚做了……这时……(4)beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……这时……
【语境速测】单句语法填空①We______________(discuss)theproblemwhentherewasapowerfailure.②Hewasabouttogoout_____thetelephonerang.【完成句子】③She_________________________________hermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她刚刚完成作业这时母亲叫她练习弹钢琴。werediscussingwhenhadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhen
【备选要点】1.applyvt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用vi.申请;请求;使用;有效【教材原句】Heslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.(P38)他通过向伤口施加压力来减缓出血,直到警察和救护车赶到。
【词块必记】apply...to...把……运用到……中;把……涂到……上applyoneselfto致力于;集中精力于applyto...适应/适用……apply(to...)for...(向……)申请……applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请;申请书;适用
【巧学助记】Theapplicantappliedhimselftoapplyingforapostforteachingappliedchemistry,sayingthathewouldapplywhathehadlearnttohisteaching.这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作,并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Overtheyears,hehasappliedhimselfto_________(improve)thelivingconditionsofthemigrantworkers.②Hehasapplied__theschool___ascholarshipandhisapplicationisunderdiscussion.③Thenewtechnology,if_______(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.④Wemust_____(apply)whatwehavelearned__ourdailyworkbecauseinnocaseshouldtheorybeseparatedfrompractice.⑤Similararrangementsapply__studentswhoareordinarilyresidentinScotland.improvingtoforappliedapplytoto
⑥I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtakemy__________(apply)intoaccountatyourconvenience.句式升级⑦Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.→_______________________________,you’llsoonfinishit.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)→_______________________,you’llsoonfinishit.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)applicationApplyingyourselftothejobinhandAppliedtothejobinhand
2.pressuren.压力;挤压;压迫(感)【典型例句】Exercisewillnotonlylowerbloodpressurebutpossiblyprotectagainstheartattacks.锻炼不仅会降低血压,而且可能对心脏病有预防效果。
【词块必记】pressv.挤,压putpressureonsb.(todosth.)对某人施加压力(迫使其做某事)underpressure在压力之下,(液体或气体)受压力underthepressureof...在……的压力下high/lowpressure高/低压
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Ishesufferingfrom________(press)oflife?②Itwasdone______thepressureofthenecessity.③Thebirthofthetwinsputpressure___themtofindabiggerflat.pressureunderon
【完成句子】④Shedoesnotgiveupdespite__________________________.尽管她的妈妈给她很大压力,但她依然不会放弃。⑤Howcananyone__________________________?怎么会有人喜欢都市生活的压力呢?thepressurefromhermotherenjoythepressuresofcitylife
3.stickto粘在……上【教材原句】Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.(P34)除非衣服粘在烧伤面上,否则衣服都要脱掉。若需要的话,可用剪刀。【词块必记】bestuckin陷入;卡住can’tstickdoingsth.不能忍受做某事stickoutfor坚持要求stickout突出;伸出;显眼
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Hegotthekey_____(stick)inthelock.②Shefindsitdifficult_______(stick)toadiet.③Ifyoustick__thetruth,youwillhavenothingtofear.stucktostickto
【完成句子】④Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofus_______________.一旦做出一个决定,我们都应该坚持它。shouldsticktoit
4.inplace在适当的位置;适当【教材原句】Covertheburnedareawithadry,cleanbandagethatwillnotsticktotheskin.Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.(P35)用不会粘在皮肤上的干燥、清洁的绷带盖住烧伤的区域。用胶带将绷带固定到位。
【词块必记】outofplace不合适;不在恰当的位置inplaceof代替inthefirstplace首先;第一takeplace发生takeone’splace就座;就职;代替taketheplaceof代替;取代
【语境速测】用place短语填空①You’dbetterputthingsback_______.Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthem.②Someofthesebooksare__________,makingthewholeroommessy.③Wewantanothergirl_________her.④Wewantanothergirlto______________her.inplaceoutofplaceinplaceoftaketheplaceof
【一句多译】我将代替李老师给你们上课。⑤Iwill_____________________________.⑥Iwill____________________________________.giveyoulessonsinplaceofMrLitaketheplaceofMrLitogiveyoulessons
5.unless引导条件状语从句【教材原句】Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.(P34)除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话,可用剪刀。【知识拓展】(1)unless除非,如果不,引导一个肯定的条件状语从句,从句有时可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义,主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中,主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。
【误区释疑】条件状语从句:unless从句遵循if从句主将从现和主现从现的情况。
【语境速测】单句语法填空①Wewillgohiking______itrainstomorrow.②______heapprovesofourproposal,hewillbeforcedtoleavethecompany.unlessUnless
【完成句子】③Wecannotunderstandadisease______________________________________________.若不了解患者我们就不能了解疾病。④Youwon’tmakefriendswiththem____________________________________________.除非你关心那些处于巨大压力下的人,否则你不会和他们成为朋友。unlessweunderstandthepersonwhohasthediseaseunlessyoucareforthepeopleundergreatpressure
句式改写⑤IwantyoutokeepworkingunlessItellyoutostop.(用if从句改写)Iwantyoutokeepworking_____________________.⑥Iwon’tattendthemeetingunlessI’minvited.(改为省略句)Iwon’tattendthemeeting____________.ifIdon’ttellyoutostopunlessinvited
6.ifpossible如果可能的话【教材原句】Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.(P35)如果烧伤的部位在手臂或腿部,尽可能地把手臂或腿抬到高于心脏的位置。【句型公式】ifpossible如果可能的话,是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式,相当于ifitispossible。
【知识拓展】Ifso如果有;如果这样的话Ifnot如果没有;如果不是这样的话Ifnecessary如果必要的话
【语境速测】【完成句子】①—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?—Yes,_________(如果可能的话),I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.②—IhearAlicewasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentandsenttohospital.—____(如果这样的话),weshouldgoandseeherimmediately.ifpossibleIfso
【文化金句】Ifyoufocusonresults,youwillneverchange.Ifyoufocusonchange,youwillgetresults.执于结果,无以为变;执于改变,终成正果。
Step3强化检测·提升学习能力Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2020·天津高考)Let’ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsit____andoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.2.(2020·江苏高考)IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomany_______(barrier),Iwouldn’tbewhereIam.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthem_____turningbrown.overbarriersfrom
4.(2018·江苏高考)Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitialstruggle,foundhis_________(symptom)werestrangelyreducedbytheirdailytiringjourney.5.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis_________(extreme)challenging.symptomsextremely
Ⅱ.【完成句子】1.______________,somediseasesarenotdangerousatall.如果治疗及时,一些疾病一点也不危险。(过去分词作状语;treat)2.Youwillnevergainsuccess_________________________________.除非你全身心投入你的工作,否则你永远不会获得成功的。(省略形式;apply)3.______________________geton/alongwellwithpeoplearoundus.重要的是我们应与我们周围的人好好相处。(it作形式主语;vital)TreatedintimeunlessapplyingyourselftoyourworkItisvitalthatwe(should)
4.I___________________________Isuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.我正在街上散步,突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(bedoing...when...)5.Getupearlytomorrow._____,youwillnotcatchthefirstbus.明天早点起床。如果不早起的话,你就赶不上第一班公交车。(省略句)waswalkinginthestreetwhenIfnot
语法填空(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining1.______hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake2.______(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack3.______dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters4.______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand5.______(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.
Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting6.______(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany7.______(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere8.______(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we9.______(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,10.______(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。本文主要讲述了“我们”在回家路上遇到大雨以及后面的经历。1.【解析】so。考查固定搭配。根据空格后的hard以及其后的that从句可知此处为so+adj./adv.+that从句结构,故填so。2.【解析】toget。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知howlongitwouldtake...为宾语从句,其中包含着itwouldtakesb.+时间+todo不定式结构,表示做某事花费多少时间,故填toget。3.【解析】of。考查介词。apackof为固定搭配,表示“一群”,故填of。
4.【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals为定语从句,修饰先行词masters,masters为人,故填who。5.【解析】recommended。考查时态。根据and可知所填词语与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构,故填recommended。6.【解析】competition。考查名词。根据空格前的interesting可知此处填名词形式,故填competition。7.【解析】traditional。考查形容词。根据空格后的stories可知此处填形容词形式,故填traditional。
8.【解析】hugely。考查副词。根据空格后的popular可知此处填副词形式,故填hugely。9.【解析】wereinvited。考查时态与语态。本文通篇以一般过去时为主,故此处填过去时形式;且根据空格后的toattend可知此处主语we与invite之间为被动关系,构成sb.beinvitedtodosth.结构,故填wereinvited。10.【解析】listening。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句子中已经出现了谓语动词,且空前没有连词,故所填词语为非谓语动词形式,且与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作伴随状语,故填listening。此题也可根据后面meeting可知此处所填词语与meeting之间构成并列的伴随状语。
【易错误区】(1)误导原因:9题和10题,考生容易分不清楚谓语动词与非谓语动词,尤其是10题的listening,是非谓语动词作伴随状语。(2)去伪存真:第一步,找动词,找句子主干——wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcert确定谓语动词与非谓语动词。第二步,确定动词时态语态——invite时态语态;非谓语动词所作成分以及与逻辑主语的关系——伴随状语且主动。第三步,确定invite以及listen的形式,注意规范书写。
Step4直击高考·培养思维品质核心素养 崇尚健康生活,掌握一般的急救知识,关注自身安全高考链接2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C、阅读填句;2020·浙江高考读后续写;2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读填句;2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空;2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B;2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C;2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读填句
Ⅰ.话题与阅读理解(2021·四川模拟)Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It’shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.
Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation(吸入)usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.
Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.“Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact.”Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate“theaccumulativehumanexposure”tomicroplastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans’caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.
Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。
1.Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?A.Thequality.B.Thequantity.C.Theshape.D.Thesize.【解析】选D。细节理解题。Thequality质量;Thequantity数量;Theshape形状;Thesize大小。要弄清楚是什么让我们很难知道微塑料颗粒普遍存在于人体内,可根据第二段中Measuring50to500...withinthehumanbody(微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间,有多种来源,包括可以分解成越来越小碎片的大型塑料)”可知,微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中,故D项正确。
2.HowdidKieranCox’steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?A.Bystudyingpapers.B.Bycomparingtheimpacts.C.Byanalyzingthedata.D.Byconductingexperiments.
【解析】选C。分析判断题。Bystudyingpapers.通过研究论文;Bycomparingtheimpacts.通过比较影响;Byanalyzingthedata.通过分析数据;Byconductingexperiments.通过进行实验。本题是问KieranCox的团队是如何计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的,短文第三段Theteamalsoevaluated...foodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.KieranCox的研究小组还利用先前报告中的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率,评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量,根据这些数据,研究人员计算出,我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等。由此可知,KieranCox的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的,故C项正确。
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.B.Thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.C.Cox’steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.D.Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。A项:喝更少的塑料瓶装水有助于吸收更少的微塑料;B项:该项研究是最早调查人类接触微塑料的研究之一;C项:KieranCox的研究小组获得了人类摄入的微型塑料的全面信息;D项:人们每年从食品和饮料中消耗7.4万到12.1万粒微塑料。根据第四段中Theauthorsofthestudyfound...onlyconsumetapwater.(这项研究的作者发现,那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会额外摄入90000个微塑料颗粒,而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒)由此可知,少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入,故A项说法正确。故选A。
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplasticsB.MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSourcesC.MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodiesD.TheImpactofMicroplasticsonHumanHealth
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。A项:微塑料的潜在问题;B项:各种来源的微型塑料;C项:人体内发现的微型塑料;D项:微塑料对人体健康的影响。通读全文,特别是根据第一段Microplasticsareeverywhere...particleseachyear.(微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在,在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪。一项新的研究表明,美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个)可知,本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。由此,本文最好的题目是MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodies。故选C。
【微技能点拨】快速定位信息 巧解细节理解题
本文中第1题为细节理解题,根据策略解题如下:Step1确定题干关键词:“difficult”;“microplastics”;“commonlyexist”Step2回到原文准定位:Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.Step3对比选项找最佳:尝试解答______。D
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It’shardly1.__________(surprise)thatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,2.__________(include)largeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommon3.__________(exist)ofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody.
AresearchteamledbyKieranCox,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,4.__________whichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.5.__________(base)onthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretaken6.__________account,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.
Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrink7.__________(exclusive)fromplasticwaterbottlesabsorb8.__________additional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.Thenewstudywasthefirsttoinvestigate“theaccumulativehuman9.__________(expose)”tomicroplastics.Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart,10.________totheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.
1.【解析】surprising。考查形容词。It’shardlysurprisingthat...“……并不令人吃惊”。并不令人吃惊的是,在人体内也发现了那些小碎片。2.【解析】including。考查非谓语动词。微塑料的长度为50至500微米,其来源多种多样,包括那些被分解成越来越小的碎片的大塑料。3.【解析】existence。考查名词。thecommonexistence普遍存在。4.【解析】among。考查定语从句。由KieranCox领导的研究小组研究了26篇论文,评估了常用食品的微塑料含量,评估的食物包括海鲜,糖,盐,蜂蜜,酒精和水等食物。which代指前面的fooditems,这些食物中包括……,所以用介词“among”。
5.【解析】Based。考查过去分词作状语。“bebasedon...”“以……为基础”所以填Based。6.【解析】into。考查固定搭配。takesth.intoaccount将……考虑在内。7.【解析】exclusively。考查副词。该研究的作者发现,仅仅从塑料水瓶中喝水的人每年还会额外吸收9万微塑料。exclusively副词修饰动词drink。8.【解析】an。考查不定冠词“an”,是泛指(9万微塑料是一份额外的吸收)且additional发音以元音音素开头,所以用an。
9.【解析】exposure。考查名词。expose的名词形式是exposure。“累积的对微塑料的接触”。10.【解析】but。考查连词。对于那些担心使用微塑料的人来说,减少瓶装水是一个不错的起点。但是,问题的根源是我们必须停止生产和使用太多塑料。
Ⅱ.话题与写作阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheMesmerizingCanyon(峡谷)Iwokeupintheharsh,dampweatheroftheshiningGrandCanyon.Myearsrangfromthescreechingofthegroupleaderyellingtogetup.IgotupasfastasIcould,hopingIwasgoingtodosomethingfuntoday.Iheardtheapprenticeyellingforpeopletogetontheboat.AsIwasstilltryingtowakeup,Ismelledthefreshairjustliketherosesinmyaunt’sgarden.Thegroupleadermadeusallgetontheraftandthenweimmediatelyleft.
Whenwearrivedatourdestination,itturnedoutthattheybothwerejustplayingatrickonusandwantedtosurpriseuswithabeautifulglisteningwaterfall.Wewereallverygladaswesawthewaterfall.Weallwantedtogouptoitandwalkinit.Wewererequiredtoclimbupbigrocksandhikelittledistancesinordertogettothewaterfall,butitwasreallyworthit.Weleftthewaterfallandsetupacampnearit.Mygrandmahandedmeatentandsaid,“Youdoityourself,andIwantyoutolearnsomethings.”
Itook30minutestosetupthetentandtriedtomakeitperfectlysymmetrical(对称的).However,whenmygrandmaandIwereabouttogetinit,itfellover.Wesighedandmygrandmawalkedovertotheotherfamily’stentandsatdownperfectlystationary.SoIknewIhadtodoitoveragain,andItookabout5minutestosetupthetentwithmypreviousknowledge.Ialsoaddedsomestickstothetopofthetentforsomedecoration.Asthetentswayed,Iwasrequiredtoputsomeweightontheedgesofthetent.SoIputtworocksoneachsideofthetent.Mygrandmawalkedoverandwasveryimpressed.Thatreallyinspiredmetokeeplearningnewthings.
WhenmygrandmaandIwokeup,therewasalreadybreakfastwaitingforus.Therewasamixedvarietyofdifferentfoodsonthetable,suchasbacon,beefjerky,eggsandsausages.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。Afterweatebreakfast,wegotontheboatwherewefloateddowntheriver.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thenightfellonus.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step1写作技巧1.通读全文,知悉前文要领(1)体裁:记叙文(2)前文线索:我们去大峡谷游玩。第二天一早,领队带着我们去看大瀑布。离开瀑布后,我们在附近搭起了帐篷,但第一次搭的帐篷倒了,第二次才成功,此次经历激励着我去学习新的东西。又一次我们醒来,吃一顿丰盛的早餐。……
2.研段首句,合理设计情节Paragraph1:根据段首句Afterweatebreakfast,wegotontheboatwherewefloateddowntheriver.(早饭后,我们登上了顺流而下的船。)可知,此时,我们要在峡谷内顺流而下,再结合上文信息及划线词waterfall和leader可联想当时的情景是:我们要在领队的带领下,在激流中观看壮观的瀑布及乘船顺流而下人们的表现,例如:激动兴奋等。Paragraph2:根据段首句Thenightfellonus.(夜幕降临了。)可知,此时天色已黑,再结合划线词setup和上文搭建帐篷的情节可联想,此时天色已晚,我们需要露营过夜。此段可重点写此次搭建帐篷,我已轻车熟路,很快搭好了帐篷。
3.斟词酌句——细节描写①所有的人都很兴奋,并为在峡谷中的旅行做好了准备。Allpeople___________andpreparedforthejourneyinthecanyon.②它们是所有人见过的最大的海浪。Theywere_______________everybodyhadeverseen.wereexcitedthebiggestwaves
Step2妙笔成篇Afterweatebreakfast,wegotontheboatwherewefloateddowntheriver.“Todaywearegoingtohitthebiggestrapidsandseetheincrediblewaterfalls,”calledoutthegroupleader.Itwasuptohimtoleadusthere.Allpeoplewereexcitedandpreparedforthejourneyinthecanyon.Fiveminuteslater,hugecrashingwavesappealedtousall.Theywerethebiggestwaveseverybodyhadeverseen.Asweenteredtherapids,everybodywasthrownaroundbutluckilyourboatwasnotupsidedownandnobodywasthrownofftheboat.Aftertherapidswereover,everybodywaswetandexcitedwidely.
Thenightfellonus.Wesetupacampneartheexitofthecanyon.Thistimeittookonlyfiveminutesformetoputupthesteadycamp,afterIputtworocksoneachsideofthetent.WhatIdidcaughtmygrandma’seye.Puttingupthetentbymyselfinsuchashorttimeimpressedherverymuch.ShewasgladthatIlearnednewthingsinthecampingatlast.FromthisexperienceIunderstood,justasthesayinggoes,“Nothingisdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit”.
【加固训练】阅读填句JohannesGutenberg—thepioneeroftheprintingpressJohannesGutenbergwaschosentobethemostimportantfigureofthepastmillennium(千年)bythemedia(媒体).Youmaynotbefamiliarwithhim.__1__Gutenbergispraisedforhavinginventedtheprintingpressandthereforepreparingthewayforprintingbooks.HewasbornintoawealthyfamilyinthecityofMainz,Germany.Hisearlytrainingwasingoldsmithing.In1428,hemovedtoStrasbourgandlivedthereforalmost20years.__2__
Gutenbergusedhisskillsinmetalworkforthemassproductionofbooks.__3__ThatmeansthateachcopyoftheCatholicbibleandallofits73bookswerepainstakinglyhandwrittenbypenmen.Gutenbergfashionedafont(字体)ofover300characters,farlargerthanthefontsoftoday.Tomakethispossible,heinventedthevariable-widthmold(模型)andperfectedthemixtureofmaterialsusedbytypefactoriesuptothepresentcentury.
__4__Between1450and1455,whilepreparingtoproducealargeLatinBible,Gutenbergisthoughttohaveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks,acalender,andapapalLetterofIndulgence.TheBibleof42Lines,theoldestsurvivingprintedbookintheWesternworld,wascompletedbyAugust15,1456.Thediscoveryofthemodernprintingpresschangedthewayinformationwasdelivered.__5__Eventodayinthecomputerage,werelyheavilyontheprintedwordortextforinstruction,information,andforthepleasureofreadingliterature.
A.Gutenbergmadetheworldamuchricherplace.B.Buthehascertainlyinfluencedyourlifeinsomeways.C.Gutenberg’sideawasoneofthegreatestofallmankind.D.By1450,GutenbergwasbackinMainzatworkonaprintingpress.E.Infact,thisinventionwasresponsibleforeducatingthemassesworldwide.F.BeforethespreadofGutenberg’sidea,literaturewasprimarilyhandwritten.G.ItwasinStrasbourgthatheprobablymadehisfirstexperimentswithmoveabletype.
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。约翰内斯·古腾堡是西方活字印刷术的发明人,他的发明对世界知识的传播、文明的演进具有重要影响。1.【解析】选B。由该空前的Youmaynotbefamiliarwithhim以及该空后的描述可知,B项“但是他肯定在某种程度上影响了你的生活”符合此处语境。2.【解析】选G。由该空前的hemovedtoStrasbourgandlivedthereforalmost20years以及下文的描述可知,约翰内斯·古腾堡可能在斯特拉斯堡用活字做了他的最初的实验。3.【解析】选F。由该空后的Thatmeans...werepainstakinglyhandwrittenbypenmen可知,F项“在古腾堡的想法传播开以前,文学作品主要是用手抄写的”符合此处语境。
您好，谢谢观看！
4.【解析】选D。由该段中的Between1450and1455...LatinBible和haveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks以及TheBibleof42Lines...wascompletedbyAugust15,1456可知,到1450年,古腾堡回到美茵茨在印刷厂工作。5.【解析】选E。E项中的thisinvention与该空前的Thediscoveryofthemodernprintingpress相呼应。
微信/支付宝扫码支付