word文档阅读理解专练(七)(限时30分钟)A AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland’spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofmonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods(间冰期)innorthwestGreenland.Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.“Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,”Axfordsaid.“Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated(迁徙).”ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland’ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland’sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.“NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,”saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam.“Oneofthebiguncertaintiesin-10-/10
word文档climatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,”saidAxford.Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday’sGreenlandlookedduringthelasttwointerglacialperiods.DuringtheLastInterglacial,globalsealevelsincreasedby15to30feet,largelyduetothinningofGreenlandandAntarctica’sicesheets.However,nowresearchersbelievenorthernGreenland’sicesheetexperiencedstrongerwarmingthanpreviouslythought,whichcouldmeanthatGreenlandismoreresponsibleforthatsea-levelrise.Findinglakedepositsolderthanabout10,000years,however,hasbeenhistoricallyverydifficultinGreenland.Tomeasuretheseancienttemperatures,researcherslooktoicecores(冰核)andlakedeposits.Sinceiceandlakedepositsformbyagradualbuilduponannuallayersofsnowormud,thesecorescontainhistoryofthepast.Bylookingthroughthelayers,researcherscanobtainclimatecluesfromcenturiesago.【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了研究人员在格陵兰冰原的西北边缘发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥,这些淤泥和常见苍蝇的遗骸表明,格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖,以及阐明这一研究背后的意义。1.Whyaretheremainsoffliesmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheyserveasevidencethatthereisstilllifeintheNorthwestGreenland.B.TheywereoneofthemanyancientlivesthatwereleftintheGreenlandmud.C.TheyareindicatorsthatGreenlandwasmuchwarmerthanpreviouslythought.-10-/10
word文档D.TheyhelptheresearchersrealizethattherewasonceawarmperiodintheArctic.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Themud,andremainsofmonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiodsinnorthwestGreenland.和第二段第一句Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.可知苍蝇种类的混合表明,格陵兰甚至比以前认为的还要温暖。2.ThenewinformationaboutGreenlandisimportantbecause_________. A.researchershavenoideahowtomeasureGreenland’swarmingspeedB.itcanhelpresearchersbetterstudyGreenland’sresponsetowarmingC.peopleshouldbemoresensitivetothechangesintheiceinGreenlandD.itisuncertainhowfasttheEarthchangeswithman-madeglobalwarming【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland’ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehavior.可知这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对变暖的敏感性。3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itiseasierfortoday’sscientiststofindancientlakedeposits.B.PeoplearesurprisedatthelandscapefeatureofGreenlandtoday.C.Researchersmeasurethechangingtemperaturesbydirectlyexaminingmud.D.Greenlandholdsenoughicethatmightonedaythreatenlifeincoastalcities.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentofthe-10-/10
word文档Arcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.“NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,”saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam.可知格陵兰的冰盖变化会影响沿海城市的每一个人。B Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay“Youtotallylooklikeyou’reaJessica”orsomethingsimilar?Peopleseemtothinkthattheyknowwhatkindofpersona“Jessica”ora“Michael”lookslike.Whyisthis?AccordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,humanstendtoassociatepeople’snameswiththeirappearances,andcanevenguesssomeone’snamebasedonhowtheylook.Researcherscollectedthousandsofphotosofpeople’sfaces.Theylabeled(贴标签于)eachphotowithfournames.Then,theyaskedvolunteerstoguesswhichofthefournameswascorrect.Thevolunteerswereabletoguesstherightname38%ofthetime.Itseemsthatcertaincharacteristicsoffacesgivethemcluesaboutsomeone’sname,Reader’sDigestreported.However,thisonlyworkedwhenthevolunteerslookedatnamesfromtheirownculture.Inaddition,thevolunteerswerenotasgoodatguessingtherealnamesofpeoplewhousednicknamesmoreoftenthantheirrealnames.Thismayshowthataperson’sappearanceisaffectedbyhisnameonlyifheusesitoften.-10-/10
word文档“Thiskindofface-namematchinghappensbecauseofaprocessofaself-fulfillingprophecy(预言),aswebeewhatotherpeopleexpectustobee,”RuthMayofromTileUniversitytoldsciencenewswebsiteEurekAlert!Earlierstudieshaveshownthatgenderandracestereotypes(刻板印象)canaffectaperson’sappearance.Theresearchersbelievetherearealsosimilarstereotypesaboutnames.Forexample,peopletendtothinkthatmennamedBobshouldhaverounderfacesbecausetheworditselflooksround.PeoplemaythinkthatwomennamedRosearebeautiful.Theyexpectthemtobe“delicate”and“female”,justliketheflowertheyarenamedfor.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现,人们倾向于把某某和外貌联系起来,甚至通过一个人的长相来猜测其某某。4.Howisthispassagedeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byaskingquestions.C.Byintroducinganexperiment.D.Byparingdifferentcases.【解析】选C。写作手法题。通读全文可知,前四段主要介绍了一项关于某某和外貌之间的联系的实验的过程和结果,后三段主要介绍了与该实验相关的结论。据此可推知,本文是通过介绍一项实验的方式来写作的。【规律方法】篇章结构题解题技巧对《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求,-10-/10
word文档往往通过篇章结构题来考查。考生要学会把握文章的脉络,理解段落层次之间的关系,弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想,主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比 较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。对文章组织结构的理解,最常见的提问方式:Howisthepassageorganized?;Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?分析这一类的题我们看出:对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构,一是按写作方法理解文章的结构。在解题过程中我们要在抓住主旨大意的基础上,理解段落层次间的关系,理解文章的结构。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A.Volunteersfounditmucheasiertoguessnicknames.B.Nameshavedifferentassociationsindifferentcultures.C.Volunteerscouldguessthecharacteristicsoftheinterviewees.D.Thepeopleinthephotosandvolunteerswerefromthesameculture.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“However,thisonlyworkedwhenthevolunteerslookedatnamesfromtheirownculture.”可知,然而,只有当志愿者看到来自他们自己文化的名字时,这种方法才有效。据此可推知,某某在不同的文化里有不同的联系。6.WhydosomepeoplelookliketheirnamesaccordingtoRuthMayo?A.Theywanttopleaseeveryonearoundthem.B.Theydon’twanttobedifferentfromothers.C.Theytendtobeewhatothersexpectthemtobee.-10-/10
word文档D.Theyliketocopyfamouspeoplewhosharethesamename.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第六段中RuthMayo所说的话“Thiskindofface-namematchinghappensbecauseofaprocessofaself-fulfillingprophecy,aswebeewhatotherpeopleexpectustobee”可知,RuthMayo认为,一些人的某某与外貌相一致是因为他们趋向于成为别人期望他们成为的样子。C OnarecenttriptotheislandofNewfoundland,Canada,myhusbandaskedourtalkativecabdriverwhatmadehimmostproudtobeanative.“Ourgenerosityandhospitality(好客),”herepliedinastronglocalaccent.“Ifyourcarbreaksdowninthemiddleofnowhere,someonewillstoptohelp.Peopleherearekindlikethat.”Hisanswerranginmymindduringthatridewithmyhusbandandteenagekids,asweheadedouttoexploreonthefirstdayofourvacation.LittledidIknowwewereabouttoexperiencesomeofthatremarkableNewfoundlandkindnessforourselves.WemetAlmathatsamemorningatthestartofalonghike.Ourteenagershurriedahead,andaswewalkedbehind,admiringthescenery,twowomeninsunglassesandsummerhikingequipmentstopped.They’dheardusdiscussingdifferentroutes,andthenaskedifwe’dlikesuggestions.Theylookedtobeintheir40s,andwerebothenthusiastictosharetheirlocalexpertise.Welistenedeagerly,takingmentalnotes,untiloneofthewomenasked,“Youhaveacar,right?”Iexplainedthattherewerenocarsavailableduringourweekontheisland,sowehadtorelyoncabsinstead.-10-/10
word文档“Ohno,”shesaid,“youneedacar.”Andthen,ascasuallyasifofferingapieceofchewinggum(口香糖),shesaid,“Takemine!”MyhusbandandIjustsmiledindisbelief,dumbfounded.“Whynot?”sheinsisted.“Youneedacartogettoknowalltheseplaces.”“Butyoudon’tevenknowus,”Isaid.“Thatdoesn’tmatter,”shecontinuedwithabsolutedetermination.Surprised,Ilookedoveratherfriend,whoshruggedandsaid,“That’sAlma.”Fortyminutesoftalkinglater,myfamilyclimbedintoAlma’scar.Wespenttherestofourvacationdiscoveringdifferentareasofthisbeautifulisland.Butitwasn’tthegroupsofwhaleswesaw,orthevastareasofwoodland,thatmadethisplacesomemorable.Instead,itwastheactofkindnessfromapletestrangerthatmadeusrealizehowspecialNewfoundlandreallywas.Nextyear,there’snodoubtwherewe’llbetakingoursummervacation.Whoknowswhatactofkindnesswe’llmeetthen?【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家去加拿大纽芬兰岛旅行时,最让他们难忘的不是那里的美景,而是一位陌生的善良的女士将私家车借给作者一家,让他们自驾体验美景……7.Whatdidthecabdrivertakeprideinasanative?A.Theirkindnessandenthusiasm.B.Theircheapserviceandfriendliness.C.Theirunselfishnessanddetermination.D.Theirrichexperienceandlocalknowledge.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“’Ourgenerosityandhospitality,’hereplied-10-/10
word文档inastronglocalaccent.’Ifyourcarbreaksdowninthemiddleofnowhere,someonewillstoptohelp.Peopleherearekindlikethat.’”可知,当地人的善良和热情让出租车司机自豪。8.Theunderlinedword“dumbfounded”inParagraph5probablymeans“_________”. A.annoyed B.satisfiedC.shockedD.embarrassed【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Andthen,ascasuallyasifofferingapieceofchewinggum,shesaid,’Takemine!’”可知,那位女士让我们用她的车;结合该句“MyhusbandandIjustsmiledindisbelief,dumbfounded.”可推知,听到陌生人给我们提供汽车,我和丈夫应是不敢相信,感到很惊讶。画线词与该句中的“indisbelief”相呼应,表示“惊呆的”。9.WhatimpressedtheauthormostduringherstayinNewfoundland?A.Thelocalcultureoftheisland.B.Theanswerfromthecabdriver.C.Thebeautifulsceneryoftheisland.D.Thehelpfromanenthusiasticstranger.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Instead,itwastheactofkindnessfromapletestrangerthatmadeusrealizehowspecialNewfoundlandreallywas.”可知,最让作者难忘的是一位陌生人友好的帮助,即她将自己的车借给了作者。10.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.SheexpectstovisitNewfoundlandagain.-10-/10
word文档B.Shehasn’tdecidedwheretogonextyearyet.C.SheislookingforwardtomeetingAlmaoncemore.D.Shealsowantstobekindtoothersduringthevacation.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者希望再次去纽芬兰岛旅游。【知识拓展】长难句分析LittledidIknowwewereabouttoexperiencesomeofthatremarkableNewfoundlandkindnessforourselves.分析:该句为主从复合句。句中wewereabouttoexperiencesomeofthatremarkableNewfoundlandkindnessforourselves为省略了that的宾语从句,作及物动词know的宾语;否定词little置于句首,构成部分倒装,需将助动词did放到主语I的前面。-10-/10
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