优选Unit3Underthesea————[单元主题语境]———人与自然之人与环境、人与动植物(2019·高考卷)话题：气候变暖与海洋颜色变化 词数：274 难度：★★★★Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolourofthe-18-/18
优选oceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbeeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter？Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean，Dutkiewiczsaid，“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesintheingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid，“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。本语篇话题新颖，知识性强，旨在引导考生从生态文明的视角思考环境保护的意义和价值，共建绿色家园。42．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.-18-/18
优选解析：段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。答案：B43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant.D．Unnoticeable.解析：词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要养分。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。答案：A44．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，所以A项“浮游植物在海洋生态中所起的作用越来越小”是不对的；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用来推断浮游植物的变化的，而是推断海洋的变化的，排除B项；浮游植物不是用来控制全球气候的，排除C项。由第四段中的“Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知，浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。答案：D45．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethepositionoftheoceanfoodchain.-18-/18
优选C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.解析：主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。答案：C一、语言能力熟词生义/词类活用1．fuelvt.促进；加强2．keyadj.主要的3．mattervi.重要，要紧4．whilen．一段时间二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——词义猜测题的解题技巧常用的词义猜测技巧有：1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；2.根据同位关系进行猜测；3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测；4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。如第43题，由转折连词but及下一句可知，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特征，影响了浮游生物的生长，因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长，而且需要养分，可知本句主要是说浮游生物对气候的变化很敏感。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.[分析]此句中while表对比，意为“然而，不过”；现在分词短语leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance在句中作结果状语。[翻译]气候变化将在某些地区促进浮游植物的生长，而在其他地区则会减少浮游植物的生长，从而导致海洋外观的变化。三、文化素养-18-/18
优选 思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你对海洋及海洋生物有何认识？海洋是生命的摇篮，在海里生活着成千上万的海洋生物。它们不仅是维护地球生态系统的重要组成部分，而且为人们提供了大量的食物。随着全球人口的激增，陆地空间已经越来越少，因此对于海洋的探索和开发就显得尤为重要。授课提示：对应学生用书第209页NO.1 单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………………………………………[先识记]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．abandonthematch放弃比赛2．urgehimtostay劝他留下3．fleetoBritain逃到英国4．reflectthesunlight反射阳光5．pauseforamoment暂停一会儿6．dragsb.outtoaconcert硬拖某人去听音乐会7．diveintothewater跳入水中8．shootatthetarget打靶9．sitoppositeeachother彼此相对而坐10．anannualreport年度报告11．awitnesstotheaccident事件的目击者12．avividdescription栩栩如生的描绘13．anarrowcircleoffriends狭小的朋友圈14．ashallowanalysis肤浅的分析-18-/18
优选[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacauseeffectrelationship/relationbetweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords，yourhealthisrelatedtowhatyoueat.(relate)2．Thewaterconservationissoimportantthatwemustpaymuchattentiontoconservingourdrinkingwater.(conserve)3．Ifyoucan'tfindanyacmodationelsewhere，hereisaroomwhichcanacmodateuptofivepeople.(acmodation)4．Excuseme.Couldyoulendmeyournewsharpener?Mypencilisn'tsharpatall，soImustsharpenit.(sharp)5．Thoughthetomatosoupistasty，I'velostmysenseoftasteandittastesjustliketastelesswater.(tasty)6．Thelakeisover10metersdeep.Sowewereallmoveddeeplybythemanwhodivedintothedepthtosavetheboy.(depth)7．Thesewhitebuildingsarereflectedintheriverandtheirreflectionisverybeautiful.(reflect)8．Wehaven'tfoundthemissingboyintheabandonedfactory，butwewon'tabandonanyclueandhopetofindhim.(abandon)9．Itisurgedthatweshouldfinishtheworkinsuchashortandurgenttime.(urge)02阅读单词…………………………………………标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□anecdote □migration □conservation□dimension□telescope□pension□flashlight□boundary□Antarctic-18-/18
优选□steep□shore□yell□dive□jog□tide□pure□cell□suck□awesome□leap□refundNO.2 短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．(be)scaredtodeath吓死了2．inthemeantime在此期间；与此同时3．aimatgreataccuracy力求十分准确4．aheadoftheage在时代的前列5．getclosetonature接近自然6．beabouttowin即将胜利7．holdupyourhands举起你的手8．be/beeawareoftheproblem意识到这个问题9．helpyouout帮你摆脱困境10．putthechairsupsidedown把椅子放颠倒了[词汇积累]1．后缀ship表“关系、状态或技能”①friendship友谊 ②relationship关系③partnership合伙④hardship苦难⑤citizenship公利(或资格)⑥membership会员⑦salesmanship推销术⑧horsemanship马术2．含th词尾的名词①depth深度②width宽度③length长度④truth真理-18-/18
优选⑤growth成长⑥faith信念⑦death死亡⑧warmth温暖3．“v.＋at”短语荟萃①aimat瞄准②pointat指向③arriveat到达④laughat嘲笑⑤knockat敲(门、窗等)⑥callat拜访某地⑦stareat凝视⑧glareat怒目而视NO.3 句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1．Itwasatimewhen...“曾经一度(那时)”那个时期，年轻男女们开始改变他们的父辈和祖父辈的一些传统。Itwasatimewhenyoungmenandwomenbegantochangesomeofthetraditionsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.2．beabouttodosth.“正要做某事”我正要出去，这时突然下起雨来。Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.3．see...beingdone“看见……正在被……”(beingdone结构作宾语补足语)在暴雨中，我看到一座建筑物正被洪水冲走。Inthestorm，Isawabuildingbeingwashedawaybytheflood.4．where...therebe...“在……的地方，有……”我们都知道，有梦想，就有希望。Weallknowthatwherethereisadream，thereishope.-18-/18
优选授课提示：对应学生用书第210页1．witnessvt.当场见到；目击；见证vi.为……作证(to)n.目击者；证人；证据[写作佳句]Theteahousewitnessedareallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.(2018·高考卷)茶馆见证了我们所有人真正愉快的时光。[归纳拓展](1)awitnesstosth.某事的证人/证据bear/givewitnesstosth.为……作证；证明……(2)witnesssth./that...目击……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thewitnesswhowitnessedtheaccidentpromisedtobeawitnessandgavewitnesstothevictim.②Ourschoolhaswitnessed(witness)greatchangesinthelastfewyears.能力提升——句型转换③Shewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.→Shewitnessedthatshehadseenthemanenterthebuilding.[实战贴士]时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth.表示“某时/某地目睹/见证了某事/……是某事发生的时间/地点”。2．urgevt.催促；极力主X；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动[写作佳句]Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotesthemselves，butalsourgeotherstovoteforpetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．人们不仅在网上给自己投票，而且也催促别人给像“最美教师”和“最可爱的宝宝”这样的比赛投票。-18-/18
优选[归纳拓展](1)urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事坚决要求/极力主X某人应该做某事(2)have/feelanurgetodosth.渴望做某事(3)urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的；急迫的urgentlyadv.紧急地urgencyn．紧急；催促[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Mymotheralwaysurgesmetodo(do)myhomeworkasquickaspossible.②Ineverfeltanurgetolearnanysignlanguagebefore.③Imakeanurgent(urge)appealthatmeasuresshouldbetakentocopewiththesituation.④Itisstronglyurgedbystudentsthatthelibrary(should)bekept(keep)openduringtheweekend.能力提升——一句多译父母应该积极地督促孩子利用加入体育队的机会。⑤Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.(简单句)⑥Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildrenshouldtakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.(复合句)3．abandonvt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵n．放任；放纵[写作佳句]Weshouldabandonthosebadhabitsthatareharmfultoourhealth，suchassmokinganddrinking.我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。[归纳拓展](1)abandononeselfto(doing)sth.沉湎/纵情于(做)某事-18-/18
优选abandon(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事(2)withabandon放纵地；放任地(3)abandonedadj.被遗弃的；放纵的beabandonedto沉湎于……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwillneverabandonreaching(reach)thetopofthe“mountain”becauseIwanttobesuccessfulinlife.②However，theseplanswereabandoned(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblems.③Wesawabandoned(abandon)farmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.能力提升——补全句子④Neverabandonyourselftosadnessandhopelessness(沉浸于悲伤和绝望之中)．Cheerup!4．reflectvt.映射；反射；反映；思考vi.思考[写作佳句]What'smore，thetraditionalChinesedresscan'treflecttheuniquecultureofourschool.(2019·高考某某卷)更重要的是，传统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。[归纳拓展](1)reflecton/uponsth.反省/认真思考某事(2)reflectionn．反射；反照；反映；映像；思考onreflection再三考虑[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Usuallyachild'sbehaviourisareflection(reflect)ofhisfamilyrelationshipandgrowthenvironment.-18-/18
优选②Chineseculturaltraditionsarereflected(reflect)invariouscelebrationsoftheMidAutumnFestival.③Reflecting(reflect)onhervolunteerexperience，Tinafeltproudofwhatshemanagedtoachievetogetherwithherlocalcolleagues.能力提升——补全句子④Youshouldsetasidesometimetoreflecton/uponyoursuccessandfailure(留出一些时间反思你的成功和失败)．5．help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助[写作佳句]Asheismybestfriend，whenIamintroublehewillcertainlyhelpmeout.因为他是我最好的朋友，所以当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。[归纳拓展](1)helpsb.with/(to)dosth.帮助某人某事/做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事can'thelpbutdosth.只得做某事；不得不做某事helpyourself(tosth.)随便自己动手(吃/用……)(2)withthehelpofsb.＝withone'shelp在某人的帮助下beofhelpto＝behelpfulto/for对……有帮助[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwouldbehappytohelpyouwithyourfashionchange.②Wethinkthisistheopportunityforusyouthtocontributetohelpingthevictimsout.③Itoldthestorytotheclass.Assadasitwas，Icouldn'thelpsmiling(smile)．能力提升——一句多译希望这些建议对你有帮助。(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)-18-/18
优选④Hopefully，thesesuggestionswouldhelpyouout.(helpv．)⑤Hopefully，thesesuggestionswouldbehelpfulfor/toyou.(helpful)⑥Hopefully，thesesuggestionswouldbeofhelptoyou.(helpn．)6．be/beeawareof对……知道、明白；意识到……[写作佳句]Inconclusion，peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.总之，全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。[归纳拓展](1)beawarethat...意识到/体会到……(2)awarenessn．意识；认识；觉悟developanawarenessof逐渐懂得；培养……的意识raiseanawarenessof提高……意识[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①LearningEnglishnotonlyincreasesmyawareness(aware)offoreignculturesbutalsohelpsmetomunicatewithEnglishspeakingpeopleandtomakemorenewfriends.②Inmyopinion，it'sveryimportanttodevelopanawarenessofhealthnow.③Asamemberofsociety，I'mawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.④Someactivitiesshouldbecarriedouttomakepeopleawareoftheimportanceofdonatingblood.能力提升——完成句子⑤IwouldliketospeakforpandassothatIcanlearnmoreabouthowtoprotectthemandraisepeople'sawarenessofanimalprotection.我想为大熊猫代言，这样我就能更多地了解如何保护它们，并提高人们对动物保护的意识。-18-/18
优选7．where...therebe...“在……的地方，有……”[教材原句]Thewaterwasquiteshallowbutwherethereefended，therewasasteepdroptothesandyoceanfloor.水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。[归纳拓展](1)where...therebe...意为“在……的地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。(2)where可以引导定语从句，修饰它前面的先行词。(3)where可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedtomeet.②Today，peoplestilleandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.③Whereneighboursshareexperiences，thereisrenewedlifeandenergy.能力提升——一句多译一个新的体育馆在一年前还是草地的地方拔地而起。(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)④Anewstadiumhasarisenwheretherewasnothingbutagrasslandayearago.(状语从句)⑤Anewstadiumhasarisenintheplacewheretherewasnothingbutagrasslandayearago.(定语从句)授课提示：对应学生用书第212页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词-18-/18
优选1．阅读词汇认知①(2020·高考某某卷)LoveFone，apanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem，openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2016.vt.抛弃②(2019·高考卷)Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.adj.针对性的③(2019·高考某某卷)Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.vt.使缩小④(2019·高考某某卷)Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.vt.对准2．一词多义①(2019·高考某某卷)Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind，reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity.CA．反射 B．思考C．反映②(2018·高考某某卷)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe，you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.BA．锐利的B．敏捷的C．锋利的③(2017·高考某某卷)Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房产)neat，clean，andingoodrepair.BA．好的B．整洁的C．匀称的Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)TherearethreebooksIrereadannually(annual)．-18-/18
优选②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessing(witness)theirmotherearnherdegree.③(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.④(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thepurposeoftheprogramistosharpen(sharp)students'municationskills.⑤(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepth(deep)ofyourmotivation.⑥(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog，Rosie，butthegunshotshadscared(scare)thedogoff.⑦(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Thenewspapersofthenewtrendweretargetedatmonpeople.2．完形填空①(2020·高考某某卷)Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.Success36fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandoftheeventsinourlives.A．dependsB．holdsC．keepsD．reflects解析：句意：成功取决于我们对自己和生活中发生的事情的看法。dependon“依靠，取决于”；holdon“坚持，抓住”；keepon“继续”；reflecton“思考”。答案：A②(2019·高考某某卷)“DoesJenniferlivehere？”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusband'shandwasmywallet，withnotapenny20.A．missingB．returnedC．remainingD．abandoned解析：根据语境可知，钱包完好无损地回来了，故本处意为“一便士也没丢”。missing-18-/18
优选“丢失的”；returned“归还的”；remaining“剩余的”；abandoned“被遗弃的”。答案：A③(2018·高考卷)Formany，findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource(来源)oftemptation(诱惑)．Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.A．hopeB．aimC．urgeD．effort解析：根据下文的greater以及“if...withlittlefoodandmoney”可知，应该选C项，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。答案：CⅢ.书面表达亮点练1．(2019·高考某某卷)过分表扬孩子是不恰当的，但父母不能做相反的事。(opposite)Itisnotpropertopraisechildrentoomuch，butparentscan'tdotheopposite.2．(2018·高考卷)我向他们生动而翔实地介绍了茶文化。(vivid)Igavethemavividandinformativeintroductionofteaculture.3．(某某卷)重要的不是故事本身，而是故事反映的内容。(reflect)Itisnotthestoryitselfbutwhatisreflectedinthestorythatcounts.4．(某某卷)作为社会的一员，我意识到责任感是创造一个更好社会所需要的。(aware)Asamemberofthesociety，Iamawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.[素养与落实]用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文近十年来很多海洋生物灭绝了，引起全世界的广泛关注。假定你是李华，请在环境保护日写一篇关于保护海洋的英文演讲稿。要点如下：①海洋受到污染的现状；②保护海洋的重要性。-18-/18
优选Step1 补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①众所周知，在海洋深处有各种资源。Asweallknow，therearevarietiesofresourcesatthedepthoftheocean.②过去的十年目睹了很多海洋生物的灭绝。Thepastdecadehaswitnessedthatmanymarinecreatureshavediedout.③海洋污染受到全球极大的关注。Marinepollutionhasbeengreatlyconcernedbythewholeworld.④我们应该使人们意识到保护海洋的重要性，因为保护海洋就是保护人类。Wemustmakepeopleawareoftheimportanceofprotectingtheocean，becausetoprotecttheoceanistoprotecthumanbeings.⑤政府应督促立即采取措施保持生态平衡。Thegovernmentshouldurgeimmediatemeasuresshouldbetakentokeepthebalanceofnature.⑥无论多么大的困难，我们绝不放弃保护海洋。Nomatterhowgreatthedifficultyis，wewillneverabandonprotectingtheocean.Step2 升级平淡句 利用倒装句式升级句⑥Nomatterhowgreatthedifficultyis，neverwillweabandonprotectingtheocean.-18-/18
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