优选Unit5Thepowerofnature————[单元主题语境]———人与自然之自然灾害与防X，安全常识与自我保护(2019·高考某某卷)话题：气候变化与大树变少 词数：314难度：★★★★Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthe-18-/18
优选greatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．TheseriousnessofbigtreelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析：段落大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。答案：A28．Whichofthefollowingiswellintentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.解析：推理判断题。第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素：woodcutters，housingdevelopment与aggressivewildfirecontrol。前两个因素直接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素——控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确(好心办坏事)。-18-/18
优选答案：D29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures”可知，水不足的主要原因就是气温升高(risingtemperatures)，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。答案：C30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre：GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia解析：标题归纳题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，A项作为标题最合适。答案：A一、语言能力熟词生义/词类活用1．studyn．调查，研究2．declinen．降幅，下降3．contributedto导致4．theleadauthor第一作者，主要作者5．documentedv．记录，记载(详情)6．takeintoaccount考虑到二、思维品质-18-/18
优选1．阅读技巧——确定位置，提炼概括段落大意一般而言，每个段落都有一个中心，且通常中心思想会在本段的首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的主题句。由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，主题句在段落中出现的位置也不固定。一般说来，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后演绎例证，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首；若作者采用由特殊→一般→特殊的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，我们要学会根据段落的内容去概括出主题句，进而归纳出文章的主题。如27题，根据第二段首句可知研究发现，加利福尼亚的大树数量下降了百分之五十。后面列举数目，主要说明数量急剧下降。可知大树数量急剧下降的严峻形势。故选A。2．分析长难句并翻译句子ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.[分析]inparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010作状语，句子的主语是McIntyreandhiscolleagues，谓语是documented，awidespreaddeath是宾语。that引导的是定语从句，修饰death。[翻译]但是把20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究和2001年至2010年的研究结果比较，McIntyre和他的同事发现甚至在野外受到保护，免受砍伐和开发的大树也大X围地死亡。三、文化素养 思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你如何认为自然和人类社会的关系？自然和人类社会的关系恰如水与舟的关系，社会发展不能违背自然规律，二者关系处理的好坏直接关系到整个人类社会的可持续发展。-18-/18
优选授课提示：对应学生用书第190页NO.1 单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………………………………………[先识记]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．appointanewheadteacher任命一位新校长2．wavesb.agreeting挥手向某人致意3．alongsidethetheatre在剧院旁边4．tremblewithanger因愤怒而发抖5．sweathispatient使他的病人发汗6．panicthehorse使马惊慌7．shootthearrowatthetarget有的放矢8．unfortablesurroundings不舒服的环境9．arousesb.'senthusiasm激起某人的积极性10．beguaranteedforoneyear保修一年11．bebathedinsweat浑身大汗12．ananxiousexpression忧虑的表情13．inactuallife在实际生活中14．apotentialdisaster潜在的灾祸15．adivingsuit潜水服16．apieceofequipment一件设备[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．ThefilmFarewellMyConcubinewasadaptedfromthenovelofthesame-18-/18
优选titlebyHongKongnovelistLiBihua.(novel)2．Chooseapairofshoesthatsuitsyoubest，andwe'llcycletoasuitableplaceforapiic.(suit)3．Hewasanxioustoleaveandhecouldnothidehisanxiety.(anxious)4．Peoplewithanappreciationofartandliteraturecanappreciateworksofart.(appreciate)5．Thenewlabsareequippedwithadvancedequipment.(equip)6．Doyouwanttoevaluateyourintelligence？Justpletetheevaluationfrombelow，please.(evaluate)7．Tomwasbadlyhurtandstillunconsciousaftertheaccident，buthiswifewasconsciousandwassmilingtousconsciously.(conscious)8．Peoplefromdiverseculturesholddifferentunderstandingontheplayandthisdiversityofopinionsmakesithardtoreachanagreementatthemeeting.(diverse)02阅读单词…………………………………………标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□volcano□hurricane□questionnaire□database□diagram□ash□molten□helmet□geology□peak□fountain□candidate□typhoon□rainbow□balconyNO.2 短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．inthedistance在远处2．makeone'swayhome朝家的方向走去-18-/18
优选3．beabouttochange即将发生变化4．behometopandas熊猫的家园5．takenoticeofnothing什么都没注意6．varyfromregiontoregion因地区而异7．paredwithlastyear与去年相比8．glancethroughmyalbum匆匆看一遍我的相册9．haveagiftformusic有音乐天赋10．burnthecitytotheground把城市烧成平地[词汇积累]1．含“ist(人)”词根的单词①novel(小说)＋ist＝novelist小说家②dent(齿)＋ist＝dentist牙医③capital(资本)＋ist＝capitalist资本主义者④reception(接待)＋ist＝receptionist接待员⑤physics[物理学(去s)]＋ist＝physicist物理学家⑥volcanology[火山学(去y)]＋ist＝volcanologist火山学家2．“havea＋n.＋for”短语集锦①haveagiftfor有……的天赋②haveapreferencefor偏爱；特别喜爱③haveadesirefor想要；渴望④haveanosefor对……敏感⑤haveatastefor对……有兴趣⑥haveafancyfor喜欢；迷恋⑦haveachancefor有……的机会NO.3 句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子-18-/18
优选1．现在分词的完成式(havingdone)作状语回答老师的问题后，她坐下来，感到轻松多了。Havingansweredtheteacher'squestions，shesatdownandfeltmuchmorerelaxed.2．beabouttodo...when...“正要……这时……”我正要去你家帮助你学英语，这时我叔叔来了。IwasabouttogotoyourhometohelpyouwithyourEnglishwhenmyunclecame.3．独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语如果时间允许，采摘活动结束后，我们将在农场举行一个晚会。Timepermitting，wewillholdapartyonthefarmafterthepickingactivityisover.4．Itissaidthat...“据说……”据说我们的对手很厉害，所以我们队从明天起每天放学后都要训练以赢得比赛。Itissaidthatouropponentisgreat，soourteamwillbetrainedeverydayafterschoolfromtomorrowtowinthegame.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)授课提示：对应学生用书第191页1．appointvt.任命；委派；约定；指定(时间、地点等)[写作佳句]Iwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.我被指定负责安排那一天的所有活动。[归纳拓展](1)appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointedadj.约定的-18-/18
优选(3)appointmentn．任命；约定；约会have/makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人有约会/预约[实战演练]基础练透——完成语段①XiaoLimade/hadanappointmentwiththemanagerandarrivedattheappointedtime.Later，shewasappointedtoholdanimportantpost.肖丽和经理预约并在约定的时间到达。后来她被任命担任一个重要的职务。能力提升——句式升级②Hewasappointedasheadmasteroftheschool.Hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.→Appointedasheadmasteroftheschool，hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.(分词短语作状语)2．suitn.一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜[文化金句]TheTangsuithasbeenpopulararoundChinainthepasttenyears，whichmeanstherevivaloftheChinesenationalculture.在过去的十年里，唐装在中国各地很受欢迎，这意味着中华民族文化的复兴。[归纳拓展](1)asuitof一套……(2)suitsb.适合某人suitone'sneeds适合某人的需要(3)suitableadj.适当的；相配的；适合的besuitableforsb.(某物)适合某人besuitabletodosth.适合做某事[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/选词填空(suit/match/fit)①Youlookwonderfulinthatsuitabledress.Itreallysuitsyou.(suit)②Thehatdoesn'tsuither，foronethingitdoesn'tfitbecauseofitssize；for-18-/18
优选anotheritscolordoesn'tmatchhercharmingface.能力提升——翻译句子③我想知道这些学生是否适合做兼职或暑假工作。Iamwonderingwhetherthestudentsaresuitabletodoparttimeorsummerjobs.[实战贴士]suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。3．anxiousadj.忧虑的；不安的[写作佳句]Anxiousallthetime，Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.由于总是焦虑不安，我一向无法保持注意力集中超过一个小时。[归纳拓展](1)beanxiousaboutsth.为某事忧虑/担心beanxiousforsth.渴望……；担心……beanxious(forsb.)todosth.渴望(某人)做某事(2)anxiouslyadv.不安地；忧虑地anxietyn．焦虑；担心；渴望withanxiety＝anxiously焦虑地；不安地[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwasanxiousabout/forhissafetywhenIheardthenewsofthetrainaccident.②Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.＝Shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtrieditonwithanxiety，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.(anxious)能力提升——一句多译-18-/18
优选我很担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上很难入睡。③I'msoanxiousabouttheingexamthatIcanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(so...that...)④Anxiousabouttheingexam，Icanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(形容词短语作伴随状语)4．panicn.惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌[写作佳句]Theconditionsbecamemoresevereandmanypeoplewerepanickedintoleavingthecountry.形势变得更严峻，许多人惊慌地离开了这个国家。[归纳拓展](1)panicsb.intodoingsth.使某人因惊慌而做某事(2)getintoapanic惊慌失措(表动作)inpanic惊慌失措(表状态)[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Notonlydoonlinerumorscausepeopleinpanic，buttheydisturbpublicorder.②Tompanickedatthesoundofexplosionandhiswifealsogotintoapanic.③Hearingthegun，thedeerwaspanicked(panic)intorunningstraightfortheheadlights.能力提升——完成句子④Eventhegreatspeakersometimeswillbeinpanicandslipintoabathroomforpracticebeforemakingaspeech.即使是出色的演讲者在演讲之前有时候也会惊恐不安，溜进洗手间猛操练一番。[实战贴士]注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。5．guaranteevt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；抵押品；担保人；保修单[文化金句]Asforpreparation，readingsomeChinesenovelsinadvancewill-18-/18
优选guaranteeyouadaptingintotheChineselanguageenvironment.作为准备，事先阅读一些中文小说会保证让你融入中国语言的环境中。[归纳拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.＝guaranteesth.tosb.保证某人某事guaranteetodosth./that...保证/担保做某事；确保……(2)givesb.aguarantee(that)．..向某人保证……underguarantee在保修期内[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/一词多义①Thecarislessthanayearold，soitisstillunderguarantee.②Toborrowalargeamountofmoney，hehadtoofferhishouseasaguarantee.n.抵押品③IfIborrow$10,000fromthebank，willyoubemyguarantee？n.担保人能力提升——完成句子④Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保证这项工作会按时完成吗？6．makeone'sway前往；到(某地)[写作佳句]Solongasyouworkhard，youcanmakeyourwayinlife.只要你努力工作，你的人生就会成功。[归纳拓展]makeone'swayto/towards朝……走去fightone'sway奋力前进loseone'sway迷路feelone'sway摸索前进pushone'sway挤出来windone'sway蜿蜒前进[实战演练]基础练透——完成语段-18-/18
优选①Havingfelthiswaythroughtheforest，helosthiswaybackhome，onlytofindariverwindingitswaydownthehill.摸索着穿过森林后，他迷失了回家的路，仅发现一条小溪沿着山坡蜿蜒流下来。能力提升——翻译句子②看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。Look!Manychildrenaremakingtheirwaytothebeach.7．varyfrom...to...由……到……不等[写作佳句]Ilikereadingverymuch，especiallythestorybooks，varyingfromChinesestoriestoEnglishones.我非常喜欢读书，尤其是故事书，无论是中文的还是英文的。[归纳拓展](1)varyin...在……(大小、形状等)上不同varywith/by随……变化/改变(2)variousadj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的(3)varietyn．种类；多样化avarietyof/varietiesof种种；各种各样的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Pricesoffruits，whichvaryinsize，oftenvarywiththeseason.②Inmyfreetime，I'llcontinuetotakeregularexercise，suchasswimming，runningandvarious(vary)ballgames.③Thesebagsaremadeofvarieties(various)ofmaterials.能力提升——完成句子④Wejoininavarietyof/varietiesof/variousactivitiesinournewgymnasium，whichbringsuslotsofpleasure.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)在新体育馆里，我们参加各种各样的活动，这给我们带来很多快乐。8．独立主格结构-18-/18
优选[教材原句]Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy，butthisbeingmyfirstexperience，Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。[归纳拓展]独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词＋现在分词(主动、进行)/过去分词(被动、完成)/不定式(将来)/形容词、副词/介词短语等。(1)其中名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用，另一部分表示状态、状况或动作。(2)独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Themanagerlooksrelaxed，manythingssettled(settle)．②Suchanablemantohelp(help)you，youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.③Theguideleading(lead)theway，wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.能力提升——句式升级④ThemusicfestivaltobeheldbyourschoolisfullofwonderfulprogramssuchassometraditionalChinesedancesandsongs.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)→Themusicfestivaltobeheldbyourschoolisfullofwonderfulprograms，sometraditionalChinesedancesandsongsincluded.(独立主格结构)9．“Itissaidthat...”句式[教材原句]Itissaidthatthisboy，whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion，isthefatheroftheManchupeople.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。[归纳拓展](1)句式“Itissaidthat...＝Sb./Sth.issaidtodosth.”，意为“-18-/18
优选据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。(2)Itisthoughtthat...据认为……Itisbelievedthat...人们相信……Itisreportedthat...据报道……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/补全句子①Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.②Carbondioxideissaidtobeheating(heat)theearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.③Itishopedthat(希望)thesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyou.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)能力提升——一句多译人们相信音乐节不仅有意义而且有趣。(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)④Itisbelievedthatthemusicfestivalwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.⑤Peoplebelievethatthemusicfestivalwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.授课提示：对应学生用书第194页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualpositionof-18-/18
优选plantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.adj.不同的②(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.n.了解③(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.v.配有2．一词多义(2018·高考某某卷)It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial，politicalandscientificprogress.AA．波动；浪潮 B．挥手 C．飘动Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactually(actual)bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.②(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Ehlersthoughtaboutthesmalldoghehadseentrembling(tremble)alongsidetheroad.③(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertotakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious(anxiety)．④(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Instead，wehadapopupcamperwithfortable(fort)bedsandanairconditioner.2．完形填空①(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Iwasthrilled!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedtomeet.Thebaywas45insunshine，andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mofftheshore.-18-/18
优选A．bathed B．cleanC．deepD．formed解析：此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，bebathedin表示“沐浴在……中”。clean“清洁的”；deep“深的”；form“组成，形成”。答案：A②(2017·高考某某卷)Whenthewarwasnear，Aliawasworriedthatthefiresofwarwoulddestroythebooks，whicharemore39toherthanmountainsofgold.A．practicalB．preciousC．reliableD．expensive解析：根据语境及下文的mountainsofgold可知，Alia认为这些书比金山还要珍贵，故选precious，表示“珍贵的”。答案：BⅢ.书面表达亮点练1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那个奇怪的洞。(独立主格结构)Theboyleadingtheway，wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.2．(2019·高考某某卷)大家都认为传统的中国服装更适合这个场合。(Itisthoughtthat...)ItisthoughtthatthetraditionalChineseclothesismoresuitablefortheoccasion.3．(某某卷)首先，因为我的英语口语很流利，我认为这项工作很适合我。(suit)Firstly，becausemyspokenEnglishisfluent，Ithinkthisjobsuitsmewell.[素养与落实]用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假定你是李华，你的朋友Jenny要到某某游玩，请你给她推荐景点，请按要求回信。①-18-/18
优选推荐长白山；②介绍长白山特色；③表达祝愿。Step1 补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①很高兴得知你要来某某游玩，我想向你推荐长白山。I'mdelightedtohearyouareingtovisitJilin，soI'dliketoremendChangbaishantoyou.②众所周知，长白山不仅是一个著名的旅游胜地，也是中国最大的自然保护区。ItiswellknownthatChangbaishanisnotonlyafamoustouristattractionbutalsoChina'slargestnaturereserve.③该地高度从海拔700米到2000多米不等。Theheightofthelandvariesfrom700metersabovesealeveltoover2,000meters.④它是各种稀有动植物的家园。Itishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.⑤来这里，你可以在山中漫步或沐浴在温泉水中。(分词短语作状语)inghere，youcaneitherwalkinthemountainsorbatheinthehotwaterpools.⑥天池是该在自然保护区受到高度赞赏的景观。TheattractionwhichishighlyappreciatedinthereserveisTianchi.⑦我保证你游览长白山一定会玩得开心。IguaranteeyouwillhaveawonderfultimevisitingChangbaishan.Step2 升级平淡句 利用分词短语作状语升级句①DelightedtohearyouareingtovisitJilin，I'dliketoremendChangbaishantoyou.-18-/18
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