第十五章阅读理解
可以说，阅读理解是最重要的英语应用，新高考中，它占分37.5分，共4道大题，15个小题，每小题2.5分。由于分数占比非常高，它的得分情况很大程度上决定了整体的得分水平。阅读理解的得分率究竟如何来提高呢？有些同学通常先通读文章，再去做题。这种做法有很大的局限性，因为有很多文章出题人是不会让考生全部都读得懂的，所以，沿着这条路走下去，很容易中出题人的圈套，结果自然就是把自己往死路上逼。
其实，做阅读理解，最重要的方法是根据题目去揣摩文意。题目中的选项虽然不属于正文，却包含着理解文意所需的丰富信息，把这些信息与考生一知半解的文意相结合，文章真正要表达的意思就会在考生头脑中清晰化起来，为做题打下一个良好的基础。在阅读理解的4道大题中，第一道大题通常是广告应用文，是最简单的，只有3个小题，只需将这3个小题的选项拿到文章中去比照，答案就很容易选出来。这种应用文生僻的人名、地名很多，即使考生词汇量再大也会译不出来，但掌握了技巧的话，它们对做题没有什么影响。
当然，巧妇难为无米之炊，词汇量仍然是考生在阅读理解拿高分的先决条件，词汇量太少，却想在阅读理解中拿高分，无异于汉字不识几个，却想在语文阅读中拿高分，结果可想而知了。阅读理解的文章包罗万象，对于题目的设置，却不外乎以下几种类型。考生在做题的时候，要养成给这些题分类的习惯，并配以一定数量的练习，掌握每种题型的应对技巧。1.主旨大意题阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。
常见题型(1)主题型：What'sthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?What'sthetopicofthispassage?(2)标题型：What'sthebesttitle?Thebesttitleforthistextis________．(3)目的型：Themainpurposeofthistextis________．Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthistextisto________．What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?
【应对技巧】(1)抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以对贯穿各段的中心句进行总结。(2)务必忠于原文，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。
2.细节理解题顾名思义，细节题即指针对文章的某个细节而设置的题，这是在阅读理解中极易出错的一种题型。在细节题中，出题人很少把文章中的原句照搬到选项中，而是对原句进行细小的加工，在加工的过程中采取“以偏概全”“夸大事实”“偷换概念”等手段来迷惑考生。
【应对技巧】常用的方法就是定位法。根据题干或选项中的线索词，从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比对。比对的时候要非常小心，要特别留意出题人在对原句加工时有没有“以偏概全”，有没有“夸大事实”，有没有“偷换概念”。一旦出现，就要把它排除掉。
3.词义猜测题一个考生，无论词汇量多大，都会在阅读理解中遇到生词。所以，对生词词义的猜测成为阅读理解的常见题型。【应对技巧】紧扣生词的上下文，根据上下文的意思对词义做出正确的猜测。
4.推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。题干中往往含有一些标志性词语，如learn,infer,suggest,conclude等。它属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题。【应对技巧】严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己获得的相关知识进行推理判断。在判断时，要忠于原文、有理有据，不凭空臆断，不要把自己的想法强加于作者，这样才能得出符合逻辑的结论。
ATheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensHistory,Culture&Landscape(景观).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward－winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.
Open：29Mar.—29Oct.，Sun.toThurs.Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop：10：30—17：00(16：00inOct.)House：11：15—16：00(15：00inOct.)Town：PooleyBridge&PenrithAbbotHallartGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall'stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.
Open：Mon.toSat.andSummerSundays:10：30—17：00Summer:10：30—16：00WinterTown：KendalTullieHouseMuseum&ArtGalleryDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward－winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere'ssomethingforeveryone!
Open：HighSeason1Apr.—31Oct.:Mon.toSat.10：00—17：00,Sun.11：00—17：00LowSeason1Nov—31Mar.:Mon.toSat.10：00—16：30,Sun.12：00—16：30Town：Carlisle
DoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseumDiscoverWilliamWordsworth'sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafé.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open：Daily,09：30—17：30(lastadmission17：00)Town：Grasmere
(C)21.WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?A.09：30—17：30.B.10：30—16：00.C.11：15—16：00.D.12：00—16：30
(A)22.WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotHallArtGallery&Museum?A.EnjoyRonney'sworks.B.Havesomeinteractivefun.C.Attendafamousfestival.D.Learnthehistoryofafamily
(D)23.WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth'slife?A.Penrith.B.Kendal.C.Carlisle.D.Grasmere.
【解析】本文是一则广告应用文。这个题是2020年全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解的第一篇，这种题由于生词多，考生看了心里发悚，但实际这种题难度最小，只需根据选项中的关键词在文中找到对应的段落和句子，将选项与那些句子进行比照，便可选出正确的答案。至于里面的很多涉及地名和人名的生词，考生即使词汇量再大，也无法译出来，也无需译出来。
21.细节理解题。根据题干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens可知相关内容在第一部分，根据段中的House11：15—16：00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11：15—16：00。故选C。
22.细节理解题。根据题干中的AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum可知相关内容在第二部分，根据其中的TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.(令人印象深刻的水久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳菜托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A.EnjoyRommey'sworks.(欣赏Rommeys的作品)符合以上说法。故选A。
23.细节理解题。根据题干中的exploreWordsworth'slife可知相关内容在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town:Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordswort's的生活，可以去Grasmere.D.Grasmere.符合以上说法。故选D。
(2020年全国卷Ⅱ)CWhenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠)．
UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt－freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”，saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.
NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon－nativespecies(物种).It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus，”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.
Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat－sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300，000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.
Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco－friendly.
(A)28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt－freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.
(A)29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat－sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.
(D)30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.(B)31.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It'straditional.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展示了海狸鼠制成的皮衣•海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因为设计师称这是一项环保的举措。科学家们也对海狸鼠破坏生态系统表示了担忧。
28.主旨大意题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt－freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear，”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29.推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元的价格收购海狸鼠，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡。故选A。
30.词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat－sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为这在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
【综述】在英语阅读理解中，文章难度层次鲜明，一般从易到难设置，本章根据阅读理解题的难易程度，将题目分为三个星级，学生在选取阅读材料时，可根据自身基础灵活选择。
一星文章第一篇(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)Washington,D．C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D．C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld－famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D．C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration：3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D．C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D．C.Duration：3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D．C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration：3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D．C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikeridethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。inadvance:提前。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington,D．C.旅游的四种路线的相关行程及注意事项。
(A)21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D．C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.细节理解题。根据文章CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.中的Reserveyourspotbeforeavaitability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。
(D)22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell－knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.细节理解题。根据文章CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D．C.中的“KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.”可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。
(D)23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.细节理解题。根据文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。
第二篇(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/careerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild'schoices.
【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分别对这些活动的名称、活动内容、活动特色和活动组织工作人员，还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。
(A)21.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.细节理解题。根据题干中的gocamping，我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的wildcamping(野外露营)这个关键信息。
(D)22.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?A.TraveltoLondon.B.Seeaparadeandfireworks.C.TourcentralParis.D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.细节理解题。根据题干中的withWilson，我们可以锁定第二个活动。根据OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.可知，星期一是去往伦敦并在伦敦住一夜，第二天也就是星期二到法国北部去参观一战的战场。
(A)23.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A.Twodays.B.Fourdays.C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.细节理解题。根据题干中的信息PottyaboutPotterlast我们在最后一种活动来寻找答案。从关键信息overnight意为“一夜的逗留”可知这个活动是持续两天。
注意：做广告布告类说明文题型时，一定要先看题干，再从文中找答案。我们可以清楚地看到：这三道题是互相之间没有联系的，并且都是根据题干中的关键信息就可以锁定某一段落直接找出答案的。
第三篇(2018年全国卷Ⅲ)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:FollowbrownsignsanA590fromJB6,M6.Approximaletraveltimes:Windermere—20minutes,Kendal—25minutes,Lancaster—45minutes,Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCark－in－CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.
OpeningTimesSunday—Friday(closedonSaturday)11：00a．m.—4：00p．m.,30thMarch—2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults：￡12.00￡8.00Groups￡9.00￡5.50
SpecialEventsProducers':Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.
NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.
(D)21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.45minutes.D.90minutes.细节理解题。根据第一段HowtoGettoHolker中Bycar里Approximatetraveltimes后面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1hourand30minutes，即90分钟。
(B)22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittheHall&Gardens?A.￡12.00.B.￡9.00.C.￡8.00.D.￡5.50.细节理解题。根据AdmissionCharges可知，团体中的一员去Hall&Gardens需要支付9英镑。
(D)23.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.Producers'Market.B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay.D.WinterMarket.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段WinterMarket中最后一句Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.可知“如果想去看现场表演需要去WinterMarket”。
第四篇(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.
JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram,Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区)．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands－onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.
StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.
SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.
【解析】本文主要讲述了政府和家长们在暑假期间给学生提供各种暑假工作，并对各种工作和要求进行了说明和介绍。
(B)21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容，SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands－onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.暑期公司为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。由此可知，暑假公司为学生开办生意提供奖金，故选B。
(D)22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15—18.B.15—24.C.15—29.D.16—17.细节理解题。根据文章内容，StewardshipYouthRangerProgram中Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.由此可知，StewardshipYouthRangerProgram这个项目的学生应该是年龄在16到17岁之间，不得超出18岁。故选D。
(D)23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.细节理解题。根据文章内容，SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)中Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.由此可知，SummerEmploymentOpportunities是为15岁以上的孩子准备的，而有些职位要求残疾人士的学生年龄为15至24岁或最多29岁。由此推测，SummerEmploymentOpportunities是为残疾孩子准备的，故选D。
第五篇(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Inthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare'splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,withinthearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.Pleasecomeandjoinus.
NationalTheatreofChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛会)willbethenationaltheatreofChina'sfirstvisittotheUK.Thecompany'sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sRichardIIIwillbedirectedbytheNational'sAssociateDirector，WangXiaoying.Date&Time:Saturday28April，2：30pm&Sunday29April，1：30pm&6：30pm
MarjanishviliTheatreTbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili，foundedin1928，appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.ThisnewproductionofAsYouLikeItishelmed(指导)bythecompany'sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time:Friday18May，2：30pm&Sunday19May，7：30pm
DeafinitelyTheaterLondon|BritishSignLanguage(BSL)BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLover'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL，DeafinitelyThertrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time：Tuesday22May，2：30pm&Wednesday23May，7：30pm
HabimaNationalTheatreTelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew－languegetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution，thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958，theyhavebeenrecognizedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time:Monday28May，7：30&Tuesday29May,7：30pm
(A)21.WhichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina?A.RichardIII.B.Lover'sLabour'sLost.C.AsYouLikeIt.D.TheMerchantofVenice.细节理解题。根据“ThisproductionofShakespeare'sRichardIIIwillbedirectedbytheNational'sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying”，可知RichardIII将要在中国国家大剧院上映。
(A)22.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinnitelyTheatre?A.Ithastwogroupsofactors.B.ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C.ItperformsplaysinBSL.D.Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.细节理解题。根据“BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLover'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL”可知把电影《爱情急转弯》用英语(BSL)的方式演绎出来。
(D)23.WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?A.OnSaturday28Apil.B.OnSunday29April.C.OnTuesday22May.D.OnTuesday29May.细节理解题。根据“Date&Time：Monday28May，7:30&Tuesday29May，7:30pm”可知，可以在5月29日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。
第六篇(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning:February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketsprice)DepartingfromtheCannery:TelltimeuponrequestDuration(时长):2hoursPrice：$90
BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning:August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco'smostfantasticperiods,the1950s!EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteofice－cream.DepartingfromtheCannery：5：00p．m.and7：00p．m.Duration:2hoursPrice：$90
SpookyHalloweenTourRunning:October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidiodistrict.Authenticfiregear(服装)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery：6：30p．m.and8：30p．m.Duration：1hourand30minutesPrice：Availableuponrequest
HolidayLightsTourRunning:December6ththroughDecember23ndThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancis'smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery：7：00p．m.and9：00p．m.Duration：1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四项活动。
(A)21.WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A.SanFranciscoWineryTour.B.BacktotheFiftiesTour.C.SpookyHallowenTour.D.HolidayLightsTour.细节理解题。根据第一个广告的第一句话可知答案。
(C)22.WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTours?A.GotoTreasureIsland.B.Enjoytheholidayscenes.C.Havefreeicecream.D.VisitthePresidiodistrict.细节理解题。根据第二个广告中afreetasteoficecream可知答案。
(D)23.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A.Takesomedrinks.B.Setoffearlyinthemorning.C.Wearwarmclothes.D.Makereservationsinadvance.细节理解题。根据末段末句可知选D。
第七篇(2019年全国卷Ⅱ)AMyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco－authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.
MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmisres，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，butthey'realsoaspirational.
AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt'sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping，andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.
GoneGirlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunit(侦探小说)andthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.
TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.
【解析】本文主要描述了四本书的作者以及各书的大致内容。
(C)21.Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?A.StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar.D.RoaldDahl.细节理解题。由文章开头第一句“JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco－authoroftheThisBookWillseriesoflifestylebooks”，可知文章中的“I”指的是“JoUsmar”，故选C。
(C)22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.AfterDark.D.TheStand.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It'sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent”以及该段小标题“AfterDark”可知正确答案，故选C。
(D)23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.C.Alovestory.D.Ahorrorstory.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句中后半句“butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant”可以得知，该书为恐怖故事，故选D。
第八篇(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)AOPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsoutofPaperYolo!ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigami(折纸术)artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch,165W.86thSt.212－868－4444.)
TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan,aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W.45thSt.212－239－6200.)
HamiltonLin－ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton,inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public,425LafayetteSt.212－967－7555.)
OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComdenandAdolphGreen,aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar'sloveduringacross－countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects,forRoundaboutTheatreCompany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre,227W.42ndSt.212－719－1300.)
【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，介绍了四部戏剧及剧情简介，演出地址和联系方式。
(A)21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?A.Atypeofart.B.Ateenager'sstudio.C.Agreatteacher.D.Agroupofanimals.细节D理解题。根据AnimalsOutofPaper部分可知RajivJoseph的戏介绍的是一个折纸术，故选A。
(D)22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren.B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker.D.StephenDaldry.细节理解题。根据TheAudience部分可知其导演是StephenDaldry，故选D。
(C)23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A.AnimalsOutofPaper.B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton.D.OntheTwentiethCentury.细节理解题。根据Hamilton部分可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，就要去欣赏音乐剧Hamilton，故选C。
二星文章第一篇(2020年北京卷)OpenLettertoanEditorIhadaninterestingconversationwithareporterrecently—onewhoworksforyou.Infact,he'soneofyourbestreporters.Hewantstoleave.Yourreportergavemeacopyofhisresume(简历)andphotocopiesofsixstoriesthathewroteforyou.Theheadlinesshowedyouplayedthemproudly.Withgreatenthusiasm,hetalkedabouthowhefindsissues(问题),
approachesthem,andwritesaboutthem,whichtellsmeheisoneofyourbest.I'msureyouwouldhatetolosehim.Surprisingly,yourreporterisnotunhappy.Infact,hetoldmehereallylikeshisjob.Hehasagreatassignment(分工),andsaidyourunagreatpaper.Itwouldbeeasyforyoutokeephim,hesaid.Heknowsthatthepapervalueshim.Heappreciatestheresponsibilityyou'vegivenhim,takesownershipofhisprofession,andenjoyshisfreedom.
Sowhyishelookingforawayout?Hetalkedtomebecausehewantshiseditorstodemandsomuchmoreofhim.Hewantstobepushed,challenged,coachedtonewheights.Thereporterbelievesthatgoodstoriesspringfromgoodquestions,buthiseditorsusuallyaskhowlongthestorywillbe,whenitwillbein,whereitcanplay,andwhatthebudgetis.
Helongsforconversationswithaneditorwhowillhelphimturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantssomeonetogetexcitedaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelphimturnhisstoryideaupsidedownandinsideout,exploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.That'swhatyouwantforhim,too,isn'tit?
Soyourreporterhassetmethinking.Ourbesthopeinkeepingourbestreporters,copyeditors,photographers,artists—everyone—istoworkhardertomakesuretheygetthehelptheyaredemandingtoreachtheirpotential.Ifwecan'tdoit,they'llfindsomeonewhocan.
【解析】本文是一篇书信。本文作者通过介绍一个作者的情况，提醒编辑要注意记者的专业发展。
(C)24.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthereporter?A.Optimistic.B.Imaginative.C.Ambitious.D.Proud.推理判断题。根据原文Hewantstobepushed,challenged,coachedtonewheights的具体描述总结出ambitious这个词：有抱负的。
(D)25.Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheirtalks?A.Findingthenewsvalueofhisstories.B.Givinghimfinancialsupport.C.Helpinghimtofindissues.D.Improvinghisgoodideas.细节理解题。困难之处在于不好定位原文，故用排除法。从选项中找关键词，逐个排查，得出正确选项D。
(A)26.Whoprobablywrotetheletter?A.Aneditor.B.Anartist.C.Areporter.D.Areader.推断判断题。文章对象(主编)＋人称(our)，不难得出正确答案作者也是主编。
(C)27.Theletteraimstoremindeditorsthattheyshould________．A.keeptheirbestreportersatallcostsB.givemorefreedomtotheirreportersC.beawareoftheirreporters'professionaldevelopmentD.appreciatetheirreporters'workingstylesandattitudes主旨大意题。抓住文章结尾是王道：Ourbesthopeinkeepingourbestreporters,copyeditors,photographers,artists—everyone—istoworkhardertomakesuretheygetthehelptheyaredemandingtoreachtheirpotential再结合前面24题的答案，不难选出正确答案。
第二篇(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney：GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam，14,Finn，13,andJack,11.
“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”
Theeight－partseries(系列节自),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
(B)24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogram.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.细节理解题。根据文章第一段GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。
(C)25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.可知，Susanna在MattTebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。解题关键词：同义词表达withthehelpof和help。
(C)26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.可知，SaveMoney：GoodFood节目是SaveMoney：GoodHealth节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中省钱。
(D)27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess
主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的preparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget(在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜)，howtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday(如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱)，howcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves(我们自己做这种食物有多便宜)；lessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes(不贵可仍然可口的食谱)，可以推知D正确。
第三篇(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.
Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodelicious.Whocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.
Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“ice－cream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.
Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft－serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.
【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。
(C)24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.细节理解题。根据第二段中Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares？(至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃，谁在乎呢？)可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。
(B)25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。
(D)26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheice－creamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。
(B)27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.推理判断题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用ajuicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故它最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。
第四篇(2018年全国卷Ⅲ)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30，000.
DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytraveledoversnow－coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold,4，000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.
Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
(C)24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture.B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition.D.Itsfavourableclimate.
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.”可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德逊河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置。
(B)25.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two－thirdsofthemstayedthere.B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.D.Halfofthemdied.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold,4，000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了。
(B)26.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D.Theywereshortoffood.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。
(A)27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.ThegoldrushinCanada.C.Journeysintothewilderness.D.TourisminDawson.主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍了城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏展开。
第五篇(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2－to3－week－oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.
Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.
Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.
Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH！Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为一名救助野生动物的志愿者，挽救了一个猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。
(A)24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.可知救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是说为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。
(C)25.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Shehadfoundayoungowlontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2－to3－week－oldowl可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。
(A)26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。
(B)27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It'sunexpected.B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'shumorous.D.It'sdiscouraging.观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。
第六篇(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.
Wesharedthebriefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与PaulNewman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让“我”参演电影时，PaulNewman站出来为“我”说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。
(C)24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn'tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.细节理解题。根据“Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”(制片人不想要我，他想要当时比较出名的演员Paul)，可知作者当时还不是很有名。
(D)25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.细节理解题。根据“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen”可知，作者与Paul之间有着相似的性格特征。
(A)26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.
细节理解题。根据“Wesharedthebriefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback”(我们都有这个信仰：如果你有幸获得成功，你应该有所回馈)和下文“hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival”是作者举的例子，可知“sharingthatbroughtustogether.”that指代前面提到的信仰。
(B)27.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetest?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.主旨大意题。根据“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit”可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”，可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。
第七篇(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75－yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.
ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.
BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown，”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.
Thetheateraudiencesaidgood－byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhasshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了一个有75年历史的小剧院被拆除前，老板和观众的不舍之情，他们用看电影的方式来跟电影院告别。
(B)24.Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知这是剧院结束的信号，故选B。
(D)25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanall－timeclassic.B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit.D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.细节理解题。根据第二段可知老板说他选择这个电影是因为它合适，故选D。
(C)26.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.推理判断题。根据三、四段可知该公司计划在剧院所在地建立一个购物中心，可以推断出这个剧院要拆除，故选C。
(B)27.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.推理判断题。由第二段可以推断出观众们的心情是沉重的，故选D。
第八篇(2019年全国卷Ⅱ)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup，“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”
I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend－of－seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomereward,too,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要从作者角度出发，从一位家长志愿去服务大家，引申出作者对志愿的理解以及看法。
(C)24.WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.细节理解题。文章第一段第一句翻译为“如果没有人自愿参加的话，你可以把我当做最终的选择，我会去”，可以推断出她并非自愿，故选C。
(B)25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.词义猜测题。文章第二段中“tugattheheartstrings”意为“触动心弦”，而A选项意为“鼓励团队合作”，B选项意为“带动情绪”，C选项意为“提倡好的行为”，D选项意为“提供建议”，从各个选项的大意看来，本题正确选项应为B。
(D)26.WhatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromParagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She'llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.推理判断题。从文章第三段第三句“thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam”句意可知，这位家长最终成了这个团队中的非常重要的一员，也就是这个团队非常好的帮手，而A、B、C选项均与题意不符，故选D。
(B)27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后两句可知，作者认为志愿者的工作可以让她得到快乐，并且志愿去帮助他人会让她感到很棒，故选B。
三星文章第一篇(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter－gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade，industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation－stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6，800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1，000;Africa2，400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3，200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6，800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion－mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展，人类语言越来越少的原因。
(B)28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter－gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter－gatherers,small,tightlyknitgroupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother…whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem.”可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到1000万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。
(C)29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant意为：强大的。
(B)30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6，800.B.About3，400.C.About2，400.D.About1，200.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6，800languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6，000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半，即3400。
(C)31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。
第二篇(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.
Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever'readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13－year－oldsand9percentof17－year－oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,aged2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.
Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe－readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.
Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.
【解析】本文是一篇社会文化类阅读。根据周一公布的aCommonSenseMediareport报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣、阅读的时间、阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。
(A)28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children'sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.C.Children'safter－classactivities.D.Parent－childrelationships.推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容的。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。
(B)29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”？A.InParagraph2.B.InParagraph3.C.InParagraph4.D.InParagraph5.推理判断题。根据第三段中的theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever'readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13－year－oldsand9percentof17－year－oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。
(C)30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E－booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth.D.E－readersareexpensive.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句manyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心他们看电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。
(A)31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们做重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯，也就是说，父母可以通过给孩子们做榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。
第三篇(2018年全国卷Ⅲ)WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49－year－oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.
WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.
Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.
Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted，”hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated，”hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare，”saidWang.
Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
(B)28.Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare________．A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitects
推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得了2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
(C)29.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客对其复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊。
(D)30.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者TadaoAndo的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐。
(D)31.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空洞的。
第四篇(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.
It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.”
Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.
Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty.“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme,it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumansgaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext，”saysMoran.“SoIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”
【解析】本文主要讲述教科文组织将4月30日定为爵士乐节，让人们意识到爵士乐的价值，以及改善爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎的处境。探索爵士乐的未来。
(D)28.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.可知UNESCO把4月30号定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。
(C)29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.
推理判断题。根据前文Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat(JasonMoran的责任是帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。
(C)30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A.Itwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.
推理判断题。根据第五段中的Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksitnotthesame可知Moran认为现在爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。
(A)31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringtheFutureofJazzB.TheRiseandFallofJazzC.TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD.CelebratingtheJazzDay主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来。
第五篇(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.ThevehiclenamedtheTransition—hastwoseats，fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1，400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23－gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.
Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10，000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost$279，000.Anditwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.
Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.
MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircrafts,whicharelowerthanthosepilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车。飞车试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。
(A)28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.
主旨大意题。根据“ThevehiclenamedtheTransition—hastwoseatswheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1，400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115inthefliesusinga23－gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.”可知，本段主要是对Transition的构架进行了介绍。
(C)29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.
细节理解题。根据“Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost$279，999”可知，因为Transition的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。
(B)30.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.细节理解题。根据“Thegovemmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly”以及“MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircrafts”可知，政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。
(D)31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFirstFlightC.Pilots'DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality
主旨大意题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的成功试飞、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成为现实展开论述。根据“TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight”飞车试飞成功，“ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality”Mann认为Terrafugia研制出的飞车比任何人的都更接近现实。
第六篇(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.
GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.
Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.
Asearlyas1966，biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.
Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk，deer，andcoyotepopulationsaredown，whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.
【解析】本文是一篇故事类文章，介绍了将苍狼重新引入黄石国家公园的起因、结果等。
(D)28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.主旨大意题。根据文章的首句及全文大意可知，本篇文章都是围绕苍狼被重新引入黄石公园所展开叙述的。
(C)29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inParagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，在黄石公园本来苍狼随处可见，但是由于人类文明的发展它们逐渐被迫离开这个区域。故选C。
(A)30.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.推理判断题。根据第三段可知，苍狼的消失会使鹿群增加，它们破坏植被，从而减少植物多样性，破坏生态平衡，故选A。
(B)31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.作者态度题。根据最后一段可知，苍狼的引进对黄石地区的生态平衡有很大帮助，而且对于是否让其他地区引进苍狼具有参考价值，所以作者对于引进苍狼的态度是积极的，故选B。
第七篇(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee－spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic－likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.
【解析】本文是科教类阅读，主要介绍了随着数据和身份盗窃越来越普遍，生物鉴别技术——如指纹扫描——的市场正在扩大，以防止他人进入私人电子空间。人们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘。科学家期待这发明进入市场。
(D)28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe－spaceprotection.细节理解题。根据第二段ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard(佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘)，可知是为了降低电子空间保护的成本，故选D。
(C)29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.
细节理解题。根据第二段Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto－regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.(这些模式对每个人来说都是独特的)。因此，键盘可以决定人们的身份，进而决定他们是否应该被允许访问它连接到的电脑，不管密码是否正确。可知打字模式因人而异使这一发明成为可能，故选C。
(B)30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironment－friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.
细节理解题。根据最后一段Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic－likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.(研究人员称，这种键盘应该非常容易商业化，而且大部分都是由廉价的塑料类部件制成的。研究小组希望在不久的将来将其推向市场)，可知它很快就能到达市场，故选B。
(D)31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?•Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.文章出处题。本文是科教类阅读，主要介绍了随着数据和身份盗窃越来越普遍，生物鉴别技术——如指纹扫描——的市场正在扩大，以防止他人进入私人电子空间。他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘。科学家期待这发明进入市场。可知文章出自科学杂志，故选D。
第八篇(2019年全国卷Ⅱ)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere－bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.
“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.
Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst－namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself－reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”
Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemerit,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.
【解析】本文主要讲述了人们现在更习惯于独自用餐，享受一个人的自由时光已经成为一种趋势。
(B)28.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph2about?A.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.推理判断题。文章第二段大意主要是一篇关于各种饮食习惯的比例分析报告，而选项A为“食物种类”，选项B为“饮食习惯”，选项C为“餐桌礼仪”，选项D为“饭店服务”，选项ACD均与段落大意不符，故选B。
(C)29.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.
推理判断题。根据文章第三段大意可知，贝克特尔有时会和同事们一起吃饭，但大多数时候都是在办公桌上解决了午餐，外出吃午餐可以让她不被老板打扰并且安静地享受一个人独处的时光，本题ABD选项均与文意不符，故选C.
(D)30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper”可以得知，他与酒吧老板相熟，文中并未提及其它选项，故选D。
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(A)31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself－reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.主旨大意题。本文主要内容是关于现在越来越多的人们更习惯于独自用餐，这已经形成了一种趋势，而BCD选项均与文章内容无关，故选A。
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