方法技巧
一、宏观析篇章(段落)结构典例1(2016课标全国Ⅰ片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.EForexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.解析根据第一段的主题句“Therearethreemaintypesofcryptogra-phy.”可判断文章接下来要介绍三种设置密码的方式。在第一段中作者介绍了第一种方式,该空所处的位置应该是本段的主题句,介绍第二种设置密码的方式。G选项中的关键词“Anotherway...”符合行文逻辑。答案G
二、中观觅行文逻辑1.递进关系典例2(2017课标全国Ⅰ片段)...Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanaircondi-tioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.
C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.解析此处承接上文,表示“从那一次野营后,我们一家人就对野营感兴趣了”,引出空后面一句“Wehavedonealotofitsince.”。上下文构成递进关系,这与F选项中的“Afterthetrip,...”一致。答案F
2.转折关系典例3(2017课标全国Ⅰ片段)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleep-ingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer...A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.
F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.解析上文提到野营的缺点,这些是作者三年前的认识。此处表示转折,然而,自从那时以来我对野营有了更多的认识。这与选项D中的however相呼应。then指代前面提到的threeyearsago。答案D
3.因果关系典例4(2018课标全国Ⅲ片段)“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.F”A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.
解析本句为主旨句。空格位于段首。后面以一对年轻夫妻为例说明了跳舞给他们带来的好处。由此推断出本段是描述跳舞会给一个人的情绪带来巨大的影响,这就是人们喜欢跳舞的原因,这与A项(那么,我们为什么要跳舞呢?)相符。答案A
三、微观看词汇关联1.原词与同义词复现典例5(2018课标全国Ⅱ片段)●Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart.Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4—10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!
解析本句为细节句。F项中的“continuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday(整整一天持续燃烧卡路里)”与设空处后句中的“willbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday(整整一天都会受益于卡路里的燃烧)”意义一致,其中calorie(卡路里)属于原词复现,throughouttheday与原文中的thewholeday表意相同,属于同义词复现。答案F
2.代词指代典例6(2015课标全国Ⅰ片段)Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelation-shipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.
F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelation-ships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathap-pened.解析从形式上看,第一句的主语是trust,下一句的主语仍然是trust,由此推断前后三个句子围绕trust展开。故空格处的主语应该与前面的主语保持一致,为了避免重复,可用代词代替trust。从逻辑上看,第一段阐述了什么是“信任”。空格前说Trustisalearnedbehavior...,空格后说Trustisarisk.由此推断出选B项。答案B
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