英语句子结构分析
一、简单句的五种基本句型：1、主语+连系动词+表语如：Hebecameexhausted.Itprovestoberight.Themachineisbroken.连系动词有：be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turnout/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go,come(true),fall(ill,asleep)
2、主语+谓语（及物动词或短语）+宾语如：Theydecidedtoholdaclassmeeting.Wedependonourparentsforfoodandclothing.3、主语+谓语（不及物动词或短语）（+状语）如：Thesunrisesintheeast.TheOpiumWarbrokeoutin1839.
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如：Myfatherboughtmeanelectronicdictionary.Mr.Wangteachesuschemistry.用于此句型的动词有：buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell,do,leave,get,lend,lose,cost,offer,promise,sing,write,deny,envy5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语如：MarxmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.Theboymadehissistercry.Ourteacherencouragedustoworkhard.
二、句子的成分：1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。1）、Thesunrisesintheeast.2)、Helikesdancing.3)、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.4)、Seeingisbelieving.5)、Toseeistobelieve.6)、Whatheneedsisabook.7)、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。
2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的。作谓语的有：及物动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词系动词+动词）。1)WestudyEnglish.2）Bequiet.Iamthinking.3)Evenexpertscanmakemistakes.4)Hedoesn'twanttobeajournalist.5）Iamalwaysworriedaboutmylittlepet.6)Heisasleep.
3、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的。1)IlikeChina.2)Hehatesyou.3)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.4)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.5)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.6)Ihopetoseeyouagain.7)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。
1.Hegavemeabookyesterday.2.Givethepoormansomemoney.划线部分是？1.Areyouafraidofthesnake?2.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
4、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征。作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。1、Heisateacher.2、Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.3、Fiveandfiveisten.4、Heisasleep.5、Hisfatherisin.6、Thepictureisonthewall.7、Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.8、Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.9、Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.
5、定语：它是限定、修饰名词或代词用的。1.AiYeanlingisachemistryteacher.2.Heisourfriend.3.Webelongtothethirdworld.4.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.5.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.6.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.7.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.8.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.9.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.10.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句位置呢？
6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。1)Iwillgotheretomorrow.2)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.3）Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.4）HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.5）Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.6）Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.7）Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.8）Hegoestoschoolbybike.9）Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾;修饰动词的常跟在动词后面;但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。
7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的。1)Weelectedhimmonitor.2)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.3)Wewillmakethemhappy4)Wefoundnobodyin.5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.6）Don’tlethimdothat.7）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.8）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.9）I’llhavemybikerepaired.作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。
主补：对主语的补充。1.Hewaselectedmonitor.（名词）2.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.（现在分词）3.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（不定式）
8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词代词或从句叫同位语。1）WeChinesepeoplelovepeace.2）Ourmonitor，LiQiang,isawarm-heartedguy.3)Iheardthenewsthatwehadwonthecompetition.
三、句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：1)简单句2)并列句3)复合句
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。1）HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.2）TomandMikeareAmericanboys.3）Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
注意：我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。Heworkedhardallhislife.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)
2)并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.
并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(As引导一个定语从句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)
Exercises判断句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.(简单句划线部分在句中作状语)(复合句包含两个名词性从句：Whathesays是一个主语从句；whathedoes是一个宾语从句)
3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简单句复合句简单句
6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句复合句简单句
9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?11.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.12.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句简单句简单句
1.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn2.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise
3.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived4.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
5.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable. A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofthat6.Aftertenyears,shechangedalotandlookeddifferentfrom____sheusedtobe. A.thatB,whomC.whatD.who
7.____severaltimesaboutit,buthecouldnotgivethecorrectanswer. A.BeingaskedB.HavingbeenaskedC.HewouldaskD.Hehadbeenasked8.____thedayswenton,thesituationtheregotworse. A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As
9.Whodoyouthinkthedoctorwillhave____first,JohnorKate? A.examineB.toexamineC.examiningD.examined10.Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontestand____surprisedus. A.whichB.itC.asD.who
11.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience. A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis12.SheisAmerican,____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory. A.soB.yetC.andD.therefore
13.____thetextasecondtime,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou. A.ReadB.ReadingC.IfreadingD.Whenyouread14.____,sohedidn'tcometoschoollastweek. A.ThoughhewasillB.BeingillC.HavingbeenillD.Hewasill
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