定语从句1.定语:通常用来修饰名词的那部分就叫定语2.可以作定语的成分The little boy needs a blue pen.形容词The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.介词短语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.非谓语todoTheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.非谓语doingThetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.非谓语doneThe boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.从句3.定语从句:一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词之后,进行修饰限定。男老师帅气的男老师爱敷面膜的男老师(有动词出现:要出句子)3.1定语从句的基本结构The boy who is reading needs a pen.先行词关系词关系代词关系副词who/whom/whosewhich/thatwhenwherewhy先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词,代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。关系词常有3个作用:①连接主从句②指代先行词③在定语从句中担当成分
关系词可省略:关系代词在从句中充当宾语时,可以省略关系代词。3.2定语从句的关系代词1)关系代词who;作主宾;先行词指人Theboywhoissittinginourclassroomishandsome.Theboywhoyouaretalkingwithishandsome.2)关系代词whom作宾;先行词指人;可以构成介词+whomTheboywhomyouaretalkingwithishandsome.Theboywithwhomyouaretalkingishandsome.3)关系代词which作主宾;先行词指物;可以构成介词+whichIoftengotothestorewhichsellslotsofthings.ThisistheT-shirtwhichwearetalkingabout.ThisistheT-shirtaboutwhichwearetalking.4)关系代词that作主宾;先行词指人/物;不可以构成介词+thatTheboy_________________issittinginourclassroomishandsome.Theboy___________________youaretalkingwithishandsome.Ioftengotothestore___________________sellslotsofthings.IliketheT-shirt_________________heboughtyesterdayverymuch.Theboywith___________agirlistalkingishandsome.ThisistheT-shirtabout_____________wearetalking.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.⑥当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.
5)关系代词whose作定语;先行词指人/物的;可以构成介词+which注意语序:whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/whomIliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.IknowTom,whoseroomisbeautiful.Iliveinaroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.IknowTom,theroomofwhomisbeautiful.3.3定语从句的关系副词1)关系副词when作状语;先行词指时间;when=介词(in/on/at/during)+whichIstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.Iwillrememberthetimewhich/that/省略Ispendatschool.I still remember the day when/onwhich I first came to this school. 2)关系副词where作状语;先行词指地点;where=介词(in/on/at/to)+whichThisisthehousewherehewasborn.Thisisthecitywhere/inwhichIspentmychildhood.Thisisthecitywhich/that/省略theytalkedabout.where地点模糊化总结:特殊先行词:job/business,case/point,situation/condition,stageShe wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.
You reach a point where medicine can’t help. It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 3)关系副词why作状语;先行词指原因;why=for+whichIdonotknowthereasonwhyhedidnotcomehere.Thereasonwhy/forwhichllikebasketballisthatitisinteresting.Canyoutellmethereasonwhich/that/省略heexplainedatthemeeting?3.4定语从句做题方法1)定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句2)划出定语从句起点:①通常从关系词开始②从介词+关系词开始③关系词省略时,从第二个主语开始终点:①通常划到关系词后面的标点符号②关系词后面的第二个谓语动词前。3)从句不完整(即缺主干)的情况①谓语动词前缺主语Idon'tlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.Maybeyouhaveahabitwhichisdrivingyourfamilycrazy.②谓语动词(及物动词)后缺宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语都属于宾语)单一谓语动词HeisonemanwhomIadmire.Shelostthenecklacethatherhusbandhasboughther注意:动词buy后面要接双宾语,buysb.sh.,sb.是间接宾语,sth.是直接宾语,缺任何一个都属于缺宾语谓语动词短语wanttodo/bebusydoing/dreamofdoing/promisetobe等,在这些结构中谓语动词不是单一的动词want/be/dream/promise,要将这种动词短语结构要作为一个整体,来做句子的谓语动词。ThebookwhichIdreamofbuyingisaboutscience.Johndidn'tbecomethemanhepromisedtobe.③介词后缺宾语Thisrestauranthasahomelikeatmospherewhichmanyothersareshortof.TheboywhomItalkedwithwashersister.4)whose通常具有形容词词性,充当定语,因此必须和名词同时出现。
做题方法:1.判断是什么从句2.分析从句主干成分缺主干:关系代词不缺主干:关系副词+whose3.辨析从句先行词3.5定语从句的分类:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.You always work hard,which everyone knows.①形式不同:非限定性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开。②功能不同:限定性定语从句是限定或修饰先行词的,不能去掉,否则句子意思会不完整或不明确。而非限是对先行词进行附加补充说明,去掉了也不影响句子意思的完整性。③先行词的范围不同:非限的先行词可以是整个句子。④引导词的范围不同:that和why(需用forwhich代替)不能作非限从句的引导词;非限的所有关系代词均不可省略;在非限从句中作宾语时whom不可用who代替3.5介词+关系代词引导从句1)看从句选介词
Thegirlwhomyouworkwithishisgirlfriend.Thegirlwithwhomyouworkishisgirlfriend.Englishisthesubjectwhichheisinterestedin.Englishisthesubjectinwhichheisinterested注意:不可拆:如lookafter,lookforThebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.【例题】Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom【答案】D【解析】先行词someone表示人,关系代词作介词with的宾语,talkwithsb.表示“与……交谈”,可以将介词放在关系代词前边,答案选D。句意:美国妇女通常把最好的朋友看成能经常在一起聊天的人。2)看先行词选介词①当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时,如:rate,price,speed等,用atwhich②当先行词表示“领域、方面”时,如:aspect,area,field等,用inwhich③当先行词表示“程度”时,如:degree,extent等,用towhich;④当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时,如:grounds,foundation,basis等,用onwhichThespeedatwhichtheyaremovinghasincreased.【例题】Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich【答案】B【解析】towhich中的which指代前面提到的degree,由于表示“在……程度上”时,degree前面习惯上要搭配介词to,故要选B。3)看句义选先行词Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewallthroughwhichhecouldseewhatishappeningoutside.4)所属关系或部分整体的关系时用of①不定代词:all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,②数词:含基数词,序数词,分数和百分数;数词+名词;③the+最高级/比较级
④以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.Iboughtsomebooks,threeofwhichwereaboutEnglish.Therearesixtystudentsintheclass,thetallestofwhomisLiMing.Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.【例题】1.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat【答案】A【解析】由结构判断后面是非限制性定语从句,排除A、D选项,而B选项形式错误,故答案选C。句意:这家工厂每年生产五十万双鞋,其中80%都被销售到了国外。2.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which【答案】B【解析】thefirstofwhich相当于andthefirstofthethreebooks,即指这三本书中的第一本。又如:Imetthefruit-pickers,severalofwhomeveruniversitystudents.我碰到那些摘水果的人,其中有好几个是大学生。3.Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句.由题干中的标点符号逗号看出,这两个分句存在着主从关系,故应用定语从句表达,由于从句是对前面进行补充说明,因此是非限制性定语从句,使用which引导,又因信息词twobuildings可知,应用thelarger(两者中进行比较,其中一者较…,比较级前应加the),故最佳选项为D.4.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom【答案】D【解析】属于非限制性定语从句。whom修饰people。句意:我们不应该用我们的钱来检查这么多的人,他们其中的大部分是健康的。5.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
【答案】B【解析】thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable为非限制性定语从句,其中的thepriceofwhich相当于anditsprice或andthepriceofit。假若空格前有并列连词and,则可选C。6.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich【答案】D【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是agoldwatch,在定语从句中which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。句意:那个人取下一只金表,这只表的指针是由小的砖石做的。Whom的先行词是人,C项的位置错误。故D正确。5)固定的介宾结构inthiscase,forthismistake,withone’shelpinwhichcase,forwhichmistake,withwhosehelpIcalledhimbythewrongnameandIapologizedforthismistake.Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.【例题】IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withouthelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是ProfessorSmith,在定语从句中,whose指代先行词在句中作为help的定语。句意:我希望感谢ProfessorSmith,要是没有了他的帮助,我不可能走这么远。选项中只有whose可以放在名词前面做定语。3.6定语从句特殊关系词as的用法1)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的有asthesayinggoes,asissaidabove,asismentionedabove,asoftenhappens,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper,asishoped,asiswellknown等。As(was)expected,Tomhaswonthematch.Tom,aswasexpected,haswonthematch.Tomhaswonthematch,aswasexpected.比较which:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.He is quite pleased,which can be seen from his face.2)as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“such….as...”/“thesame….as…”/“so…as…”结构中。SuchbooksasIhavereadareclassicalworks.Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.I’dliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.IamnotsostrongamanasIwas.3.7定语从句的重点,难点,易混点及考点1)定语从句和同位语从句The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus. ____________________ The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. _____________________2)定语从句与主语从句Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.______isknowntousallisthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.3)定语从句与强调结构Itisthehouse_______________Imettheyoungman.Itwasinthehouse_____________Imettheyoungman.【基础练习】1.It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句和强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为:itis/was被强调成分that/who其它成分。强调句型的关键是找出被强调成分。本题被强调成分是thewoman;定语从句whohadbeeninprison修饰先行词。第二空用who/that构成强调句型。句意:就是那个曾经坐牢的人偷了那笔钱。故C正确。2.It was in New Zealand _______Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 【答案】A【解析】句意:那是在新西兰伊丽莎白遇到了史密斯先生。这里是强调句型,其结构是:It
was+被强调部分+that/who(人)+其他。判断强调句型的方法是把Itwasthat这三个词去掉,整个句子不缺成分,意思完整。故选A。3.It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 【答案】C【解析】句意:正是在密西西比河岸马克·吐温度过了他孩提时代的大部分时光。本题考查强调句。如果把Itwas以及that去掉,原句就成了alongtheMississippiRiverMarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.句子仍然完整。4.________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which【答案】B【解析】what在此引导主语从句,且在主语从句中用作主语,相当于thethingthat。句意为:众所周知,2008年奥运会将在北京举行。定语从句关系代词1.【2017北京】Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when 【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意是我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感,先行词是thelittleproblems,在从句中做meet的宾语,故选关系代词,排除C和D,先行词前有不定代词little修饰,故选that,因此答案用A。2.【2016北京】Ilivenextdoortoacouple ________ childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。acouple是先行词,这对夫妻的孩子很吵,children和couple是所属关系,故用whose作定语,whosechildren相当于thechildrenofwhom,故选A。3.【2014安徽】TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.WhenB.whereC.whyD.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。本题定语从句的先行词是theexactyear,后面的定语从句Angelaandher
familyspenttogetherinChina中动词spent后面缺少宾语,所以使用关系代词which引导这个定语从句,并在句中做宾语。Where的先行词通常是指地点的名词,关系副词when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词,why的先行词是thereason。ABC三项通常在句中做状语。Which在定语从句里做主语,宾语或者表语。句义:Angela和他的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2008年。故D正确。4.【2014山东】Acompany______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是Acompany,后面的定语从句中名词profits前面缺少定语修饰,所以使用关系代词whose引导起这个定语从句,并在句中做定语。ACD三项通常都不能在定语从句中做定语的。Whoseprofits相当于theprofitsofwhich。句义:一个利润主要来自国内的公司也许可以开拓国际市场。故B正确。5.【2014陕西】Pleasesendusalltheinformation______youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是alltheinformation,后面的定语从句youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition中动词have后面缺少宾语,所以使用关系代词that/which;当指物的先行词前面有all修饰的时候,要使用关系代词that。关系代词as引导的定语从句的先行词前面提出要有thesame等修饰。What不能定语从句的引导词。句义:请把你有的申请这个职位的所有候选人的信息都发给我。故A正确。6.【2014重庆】We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth____wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是thesalestarget,后面的定语从句中动词set后面缺少宾语,所以使用关系代词which指代先行词,在句中作为动词set的宾语。句意:一个月后我们就将实现年初的时候设定的销售目标。BC两项都是关系副词,它们在句中通常都作为状语。What不是定语从句的关系词。故A正确。7.【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。定语从句的先行词为island,而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语,所以用关系代词that或which;when和where引导定语从句时用做状语;而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。【句意】最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。8.【2013湖南】Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。who指代先行词those(那些人),在从句中做主语,whom不能做主语,which指物,what不能引导定语从句,故选择B。句意:幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。9.【2011全国I】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。定语从句Whosestoryshowsthemostimagination修饰先行词thewriter,whose在句中做定语。句意:这个奖将会颁布给故事最有想象力的作家。10.【2011上海】You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。定语从句的引导词:which是关系代词,指物,在句中作主语和宾语。本句句意:你会找到一辆等在车站的出租车,搭载你到寄宿家庭。从句中缺少宾语,which充当hire的宾语,修饰先行词taxis。Where,when,都是关系副词,不充当成分。本题选A.11.【2011山东】Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是narrowstreetsandsmallhouses,定语从句缺乏主语,定语从句用that引导,句意:这个古镇有狭窄的街道和小房子,彼此建的很近。选D。12.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意:他有为学生营造一种良好(课堂)氛围的天赋,这种氛围能够令学生交流自如。先行词an
atmosphere,是物,而定语从句又缺少主语,所以用which。先行词是人时,才能用D,who;Cwhat不能引导定语从句,可以引导名词性从句;B项定语从句中缺地点状语才能用。故A正确。13.【2010湖南】I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为severalstudents,定语从句缺少宾语故为who.在关系词中where,when是不做句子主语和宾语的。而which的先行词是物。14.【2010陕西】Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。本句中"___roofwasdamagedinastorm"是定语从句,theoldtemple是先行词.先行词theoldtemple与定语从句中的主语roof是所属关系,所以要用whose来作定语,表示这座旧庙的屋顶,这里whoseroof相当于theroofofwhich或ofwhichtheroof,故选D.15.【2010全国Ⅱ】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。本题定语从句的先行词是something,这是一个指物的不定代词,如果从句中使用关系代词要使用that;本题定语从句中缺少主语,故使用that;who所指代的先行词要是人;what不能引导定语从句。As指代的先行词前面有一些特殊的词修饰。故B正确。16.【2010重庆】Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是cities,定语从句中接了development,用whose做定语,而其他几个关系代词或者副词都不接名词,所以答案是C。句意是:在中国发展被全世界认可的城市数量正在增加.定语从句关系副词1.【2019江苏】Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为anage【一个时代】,且先行词在从句中做时间状语,所以关系词用when。故选C。2.【2018江苏】Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A.thatB.where C.whichD.when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于inwhich。故选B。3.【2015天津】Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意:公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛,在这种气氛中,其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。4.【2015陕西】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意:作为家里最小的孩子,Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句,先行词是thetime,定语从句中缺少时间状语,用关系副词when,所以选D。5.【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。本题是一个定语从句,先行词是theday,后面的定语从句结构非常完整,所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语,同时引导起这个定语从句。句义:我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。故C正确。6.【2013四川】Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment________theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。本题考查定语从句。the
environment是先行词,在定语从句中做地点状语,“他们生活在这个环境中”,故用关系代词where。【拓展】关系词的选择,最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词,如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where,同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。7.【2013江西】Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法,即:根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语,因此,正确答案为C。【句意】他写了一封信,在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。【拓展】what与how都不可以引导定语从句。8.【2013北京】Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks_______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。空处之后是一个定语从句,先行词是park,在定语从句中作地点状语,“inthepark”,故应该选用关系副词where。句意:许多国家都在建立国家公园,可以保护很多动植物。9.【2012重庆】Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意:“销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。”先行词position定语从句中缺少的是地点状语,position在从句中充当的成分应是“onthisposition”,故选择where。选D。10.【2012浙江】Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。本句的先行词是anage;这个定语从句主语是moreinformation,谓语部分是一个系表结构,本句又不却宾语和定语,所以应该使用关系副词,age指时间,故使用when.11.【2011浙江】Abankistheplace______theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意:银行是一个在晴朗天气中借给你雨伞,而在下雨天时把雨伞收回去的地方。本句为定语从句,先行词为theplace,定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以关系副词用where引导;故选C。12.【2011天津】Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。先行词是thedays定语从句中不缺少主宾表,所以用when引导定语从句,句意是:体力是谋生的唯一需求的日子一去不复返了.选A.13.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。先行词是theonlyplanet,定语从句缺少地点状语,用where引导定语从句,句意:StephenHawking认为地球不可能是生命逐渐发展的唯一星球。选B.非限定性定语从句1.【2018北京】Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____helpsthemkeepfit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。2.【2017天津】Myeldestson,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式可知,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld是一个非限制性定语从句,从句work前缺少定语,先行词为Myeldestson,故用whose,指我儿子的工作,whosework=theworkofwhom,故答案为B.3.【2016天津】Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,____theweathermaybebetter.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】D
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句,先行词是nextweek,定语从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少时间状语。故选D。4.【2015北京】OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,___youcanhearsomelovelymusic.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.Paul’sChurch,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。5.【2015四川】Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词,先行词为thebooks,和covers之间存在所有关系,故选择C,意为书的封面。句意为:桌上的书是给我们的奖励,那些书的封面闪闪发光。6.【2014北京】IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,______myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.Where【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是thebookSherlockHolmes,在定语从句中which指代先行词作为定语从句中的动词recommend的宾语。CD两项是关系副词,不能在句中做宾语,只能做状语。A项who的先行词通常都是指人的名词。句意:上个星期我从图书馆里借了《福尔摩斯诡异》,这是我的同学推荐给我的。故B正确。【试题延伸】非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解,在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,起前后都需要用逗号隔开。需要注意 which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。 在非限定性定语从句中,关系词不能用that。7.【2014四川】Inow,wehaveraised50.000poundsforthepoorchildren,______isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。本句中的关系代词which指代前面主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。That不能引导非限制性定语从句。Who的先行词必须是人,it不能引导定语从句。句意:到现在为止,我们已经为贫穷的孩子募捐到了五万英镑,这一点是完全没有预料到的。故B正确。8.【2014天津】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,_____usesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。本题是一个定语从句,先行词是severaldiversecultures,在定语从句里使用which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。排除CD项,这两项并不是定语从句。A项在定语从句中做主语的时候,谓语动词要使用复数形式,本题定语从句中的uses说明A项是错误的。B项中的each做主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。句义:英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言,每一种语言使用英语的方法都是不一样的。故B正确。9.【2013安徽】MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,________madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slong-helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。首先根据句意确定逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句,锁定正确答案是which;that不能引导非限定性定语从句,排除;what不能引导定语从句,排除;如果用it,根据句子结构,它的前面缺少一个连词,排除。句意:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,使得中国人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。10.【2013天津】Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,________isannouncedintoday'snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。本句中which指代的就是前面整句话的内容,即我们又发射了一颗人造卫星这件事,可翻译成“这一点”。句意:我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这一事件在今天的新闻中得到了报道。11.【2012江西】By16:30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:到了几乎是关门时间的16:30,几乎所有的画都被卖完了。这是定语从句,先行词是16:30,定语从句中缺少主语,用which引导非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,选A。12.【2012江苏】Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,
medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。间隔定语从句中谓语动词needed缺少主语,先行词是people(指人),故选用关系代词who。句意:“洪水过后,那个地方的人饱受洪灾之苦,急需饮用水、药品、帐篷等生存物资。”13.【2011全国II】TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:Ted这个周末来只穿了短裤和体恤衫,在这样的天气这么做真是愚蠢的事情。这里是非限制性定语从句,用which引导定语从句,指代前面的句子,在定语从句中which做主语。14.【2011北京】MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_________,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。Which指代前面一句话的内容,在非限制性定语从句中做主语,宾语等。句意:玛丽对Jack比对其它人更好,这一点当然让别的人很难受。根据句意说明B正确。15.【2011安徽】Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:无论剩下什么东西,都可以放入冰箱中,在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“whereitwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks”是定语从句,关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。16.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_____weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为thetopofthehill,在定语从句中做地点状语,故选where。该题易错点为,容易把myfriends作为先行词。17.【2010全国Ⅰ】Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。横线处用which指代前面的school,这句话的意思是“杰克小时候是在一所山村学校上学的,这所学校是以他祖父名字命名的。定语从句介词+关系代词1.【2016江苏】Manyyoungpeople,most______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.A.ofwhichB.ofthemC.ofwhomD.ofthose【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。“ofwhich”先行词为物;“ofthem”形式错误,不能引导非限制性定语从句;“ofwhom”可引导非限制性定语从句,且先行词为人;“ofthose”不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选项C符合答案。2.【2016浙江】Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof____hasbeenproved.A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。whom指人,which指物,what什么(不能用在定语从句中),that既指人也可以指物(不能用在介词后),题干中关系词指代的是theories,并且位于介词后,故选B.3.【2015重庆】Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof____werepublishedinthe1990s.A.whomB.whichC.themD.that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。句意:他写了许多儿童书籍,几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books,定语从句中of缺少宾语,故选B项。4.【2015安徽】Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon______schooleducationdepends.A.itB.thatC.whoseD.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句;that不用于介词之后;whose作定语,其后需有名词;dependon/upon依靠,依赖,介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词,故选D。5.【2013重庆】Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof______arefamilymembers.
A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句,关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句,排除;先行词是people,which只能指物,排除选项C;如果用them,则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and,排除。约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼,其中大部分是家庭成员。6.【2013辽宁】Hemaywinthecompetition,________heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。分析句子结构,Hemaywinthecompetition为主句,剩下的只可以为从句,故先排除B。本题中,inwhichcase引导非限制性定语从句,相当于andinthatcase。所以选A。牢记:what不可引导定语从句。7.【2012山东】Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof___havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。本题的先行词是twobooks,which指代先行词在句中作为of的宾语,AD项不能引导定语从句。B项不能放在介词的后面。故C正确。8.【2012湖南】Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。句意:灵魂的关怀是一个甚至生命的微小细节都要被关怀的一个循序渐进的过程。先行词是process,这个词语是一个表示抽象地点的词语,它可以等同于where。what一般引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句,which在定语从句中一般当做主语或宾语,选D。9.【2012天津】IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是ProfessorSmith,在定语从句中,whose指代先行词在句中作为help的定语。句意:我希望感谢ProfessorSmith,要是没有了他的帮助,我不可能走这么远。选项中只有whose可以放在名词前面做定语。10.【2011江西】Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。句意:她带着游客参观了这个博物馆——花了三年多才建成的建筑。theconstructionof(……的建筑),which指代themuseum。11.【2011浙江】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof____usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。句意为“英语是一门由几种不同文化所共用的语言,每一种文化对它的使用都有所不同”。根据语境,后半部分应是非限制性定语从句,故选择关系代词。四个选项中只有which是关系代词,故选A项。12.【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_________shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。分析句子成分后可知,此题中先行词为“German,French,Russian”,在介词of后只能用which或whom引导定语从句,而先行词指物,排除whom,故C项正确。句意为“Julie擅长德语.法语和俄语,这三种语言她都能说得很流利。”13.【2010山东】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。这题定语从句中的turn和to搭配,就是说,which前面加to,句意是:风能是一种古老的能源,我们在不久的将来可能会回头利用它。选A。14.【2010江苏】Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。本题先行词是cafe,定语从句修饰先行词,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代cafe,在从句中作为介词of的宾语,由于关系动词前面有介词,所以A项错误。15.【2010浙江】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
A.whomB.whichC.themD.those【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词。由many之前的逗号和选项特征可知,此处是主从句关系,排除C、D两项。由于先行词是1,000people,表示人,故用whom。句意为:这个定居点居住着将近1000人,他们中的许多人都背井离乡来到城市追求更好的生活。定语从句as1.【2015江苏】Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【答案】D【解析】考查as。句意:据报道,吸烟者人数仅(过去)一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活,可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末,指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which,把逗号前面的thenumberofsmokers看成先行词,后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知,这里关系代词指代的是“Thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.”整个一句话。另外,as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话,但前者有“正如……”的意思,后者则没有。还可以抓住asisreported这一常用结构,类似的还有as isknown/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。2.【2013陕西】isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As【答案】D【解析】考查as。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句,放在句首,同时在从句中作主语,为正确答案;如果用it或者that,那么整个句子中缺少一个连词,排除选项A和B;如果用what,逗号前面应该是一个主语从句,主语从句之后应该是谓语动词,而不是逗号之后再来一个句子,排除。等医生到的时候,Amy好多了,孩子都这样。3.【2013山东】Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】A【解析】考查as。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的;而when和where引导定语从句时不做主语。【句意】没有简单的答案,正如科学界的许多情况一样。4.【2012安徽】Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this
【答案】A【解析】考查AS.这是一个非限制性定语从句,故排除BD选项。as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。句意:正如所发现的那样,大量的语言学习是在人的生命开始的第一年进行的。所以这段时期父母亲应该多和他们的孩子说说话。5.【2012福建】Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what【答案】C【解析】考查AS.本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了,把句子转换成isshowninthereport,theairqualityinthecityhasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。