第三章 代词
一、指示代词指示代词一般指this,that,these和those。考点1.this,that的用法that指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用，this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Hehurthislegyesterday.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.
例：单句语法填空。Inmanyways，theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.【解析】that这里指前面讲到过的theeducationsystem。that
考点2.that,those,one,ones,it,theone,theones的区别
例：单句语法填空。1.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.2.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthan________onthesmallones.3.Toherjoy,Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthen________ofhercolleagues.itthatthat
4.TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom________spokeninEngland.5.—Whydon'twetakealittlebreak?—Didn'twejusthave________？6.Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,________thatIhaveneverseen.itoneones
二、不定代词没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫作不定代词。常用的不定代词有：all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every和body,one,thing构成的复合词。
考点1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法
—Whenshallwemeetagain?——咱们什么时候再见面？—Makeitanydayyoulike;it'sallthesametome.——你喜欢哪天就哪天，对我来说都一样。—CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?——周一和周二你哪天能来？—Iamafraidneitherdayispossible.——恐怕这两天都不行。
—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?——你要茶还是咖啡？—Either.Ireallydon'tmind.——哪种都行，我真的不介意。
考点2.other,others,theother,theothers,another,therest的区别1.other接复数名词，相当于others,泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”(并不有意强调全部)。如：Somearesinging,andothersaredancing.(others泛指其余的，指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用theothers则指剩余的全部，表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。)some…，some…，some…，others…，意为“一些……，一些……，一些……，其余人……”。
2.theother可接复数名词，相当于theothers,表示“其余的全部……”，如：Fiveofthepencilsarered,theothers(theotherpens)areyellow.theother还可强调剩下的这一个，此时只有一个，常出现在oneis…theotheris…中，表示“一个……，另一个……”，用于两者之间。如：Hegottwobooks;oneisatextbook,theotherisanovel.
3.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，用于“三个或三个以上”，表示“又一个，再一个”。如：Thiscoatistoodark.Pleaseshowmeanother.(宾语，外衣总数为三件及三件以上。除去这个外衣之外，剩下的起码有两件；如果只剩一件的话，就要用theother。)another还可表示“再，又”。如：Pleasegivemeanotherfiveapples.
4.therest既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。如：Somestudentsgoswimming,andtherestkeepstudyingEnglish.(代替可数名词)Afterdrinkingsomemilkinthebottle,hethrewtherestaway.(代替不可数名词)
考点3.复合不定代词的用法
NothinginmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.在我的一生中没有什么比我第一次参观故宫博物院给我留下的印象深。Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.有人要见你。Somethingstrangehappenedlastnight.昨晚发生了奇怪的事。Noonewantstodothat.没人愿做那种事。Nobodyisabsent.没有人缺席。Hesaidheknewnothingaboutit.他说他对那事一无所知。
Everybody'sbusinessisnobody'sbusiness.事关大家无人管。Everythingisreadyfortheexperiment.实验的一切都准备好了。Thisnewsmeanseverythingtous.这个消息对我们至关重要。
考点4.none,nobody/noone,nothing的区别
—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?——你有多少钱？—None.——没有。Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpme,buttherewasnooneatthemoment.我希望有人能帮我，但这时候没有遇见一个人。Noonecandoitbetter.没有人能做得更好。Noneofthesequestionsiseasy.这些问题没有一个是容易的。
考点5.any,every的区别Ihavemanybookshere,andyoucantakeanyone.我这里有很多书，你可以随便拿一本。Everystudenthastotaketheexamination.每个学生都得参加考试。
考点6.every,each的区别
AlmosteverystudentinourclasspassedtheEnglishexamyesterday.我们班几乎每个学生昨天都通过了英语考试。Therearelotsoftreesoneachsideoftheroad.路的两边都有很多的树。
考点7.many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的区别(1)many修饰或替代可数名词复数，much修饰或替代不可数名词。两者都表示“许多”。(2)few修饰或替代可数名词复数，little修饰或替代不可数名词，都表示否定。(3)afew修饰或替代可数名词复数；alittle修饰或替代不可数名词。用于肯定句，表示“一些”。HecanspeakalittleFrench,butheknowslittleEnglish.他会说一点法语，但他不懂英语。
Ijustcanseefewstudentsintheclassroom.我没看见几个人在教室里。Thereareafewcatsonthebed.床上有几只猫。
考点8.代词的部分否定和全部否定(1)all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every＋名词”与not连用时，表示部分否定。(2)noone,nobody,none,neither,not…any/either以及“no＋名词”表示全部否定。
(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等连用时，也表示部分否定。Everystudentdoesnotrealizetheimportanceofthechance.不是每个学生都能意识到机会的重要性。Notallmencanswim.不是所有的人都能够游泳。Nomencanfly.没有人能够飞起来。Neitherofthefilmsisinteresting.这两部电影都无趣。
三、反身代词反身代词指myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。表示单数的反身代词以self结尾，表示复数的反身代词以selves结尾。第一人称和第二人称前面用的是物主代词，第三人称前面用的是代词宾格。
考点1.反身代词的基本用法作宾语：TomtaughthimselfChinese.(动宾)Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.(介宾)作表语：Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.作同位语：Imyselfcanrepairthebike.
考点2.含有反身代词的惯用法(1)与介词连用Youwillhavetoseeifhehasgonetotheschoolforyourself.(亲自)Thecomputercanshutoffbyitself.(自动地)Onewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.(独占，独用)Onecan'tplaytennisbyoneself.(单独地，独自地)Initself,it'snotadifficultproblemtosolve.(本身，本质上)
(2)与动词连用enjoyoneself＝haveagoodtime感到快乐，过得愉快behaveyourself＝bepolite;showgoodmanners使自己举止良好absentoneself缺席，缺勤devoteoneselfto专心于，献身于applyoneselfto专心致志于adaptoneselfto适应于makeoneselfathome不要客气seatoneself＝sit坐(就座)
thinkforoneself＝formone'sownopinion独立思考，形成自己的看法helponeself自取，自用，自便teachoneself自学
四、代词it考点1.it作形式主语或宾语，代指后面的不定式或动名词或句子。Itisnecessarytotellhisfathereverything.(it作形式主语，指代后面的todo不定式)ItisobviousthatIamgladtoansweryourquestion.(it作形式宾语，指代后面的that从句)Hefounditnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(it作形式宾语，指代后面的todo不定式)
Wethinkitnogoodreadinginbed.(it作形式宾语，指代后面的readinginbed)
考点2.用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等①It'shalfanhour'swalkfromheretoourschool.(指距离)②It'sniceandwarmhere.(指天气、气候)③Butit'stwoo'clocknow,andit'stimeforustogotoschool.(指时间)
考点3.it用以指身份不明的人it用以指身份或性别不明的人。如敲门时：—Whoisit?—It'sme!若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。如：1．Thebabycriedwhen________washungry.it
2．—Who'sthatatthedoor?—________isthemilkman.It
在横线上填上合适的代词。1.Ifanyonearriveslate,________willhavetowaitoutside.2.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof________whenIwasababy.3．—Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.—Why________？Johnissittingthere,doingnothing.4.Hehadabadcold.________waswhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.5.WhatIwantyoutorememberis________:Englishisofgreatuse.they/hememeThatthis
6.Thattime，Ithoughthewasastrangemanwhogoton________(I)nerves.7.________waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.8.AsfarasIknow,itis________(you)turntolookafterthebaby.9.—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—________.Iwillbeinallday.10.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but________ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.myItyourEitherneither
11.I'vegottwomobilephones.Oneisnew,________isold.12.Somepeoplecamebybike,________cameonfoot.13.Allofthemcomplainedaboutthestonebutnoneofthemtriedtoremove________．14.Oncetherelivedarichmanwhowantedtodo________forthepeopleofhistown.15.Acoupleofdaysago,Imetafriendof________(me)atalocalcafeteriaforachat.theotherothersitsomethingmine
16.________changedcolour，onewhite，theotherred.17.Irealized________wasfoolishtojudgeAIthatway.18.ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.19.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.Bothitwhothem
在横线上填上合适的代词。1.Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhas________studentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.2.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi'anishigherthan________inanyotherareaofthecity.3.Onmyrecentvisit，Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.usthatits
4.Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof________．5.She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.6.Moredangerexists，buttheycannotsee________．7.ShethoughtIhadhurt________(I)．8.________canbegoodatsomethingfor40yearsifhedoesn'tloveit.theotherneitheritmyselfNobody
9.Iknewthat________wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.10.Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingis________．11.Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose________basedonyourowninterests.12.“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It's________(I)．”nothinganotheronemine
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13.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbroke________．14.Atthatmomentanattractiveyoungladycameuptomeandintroduced________．15.Datingsitesalsomake________easytoavoidsomeonewhoyouarenotinterestedin.themherselfit
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