2022高考英语统考一轮复习第一章名词参考课件新人教版20210429230

第一章　名词 一、名词的种类 二、名词的数1.可数名词(1)可数名词变复数的规则变化 (2)可数名词变复数的不规则变化①自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→menwoman女人→womentooth牙→teethmedium传播媒介→mediafoot脚；英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomena ②常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人sheep绵羊deer鹿series系列means方式works工厂fish鱼fruit水果其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。Somedeerareeatinggrassatthebottomofthehill.有一些鹿正在山下吃草。(deer单复数同形)Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnoneprovessuccessful.每一种可能的方式都尝试了，但没有一个证明是成功的。(means单复数同形) 2.不可数名词(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice(建议),furniture(家具),fun(乐趣),information(信息),news(新闻),weather(天气),progress(进步),wealth(财富),value(价值)等。(2)抽象名词通常为不可数名词，但抽象名词常可具体化，具体化后变为与原来意义相关的可数名词，常考的有： Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。Fivehundredyouthsfromalloverthecountrywillattendthismeeting.来自全国的五百名青年将参加本次会议。Theyarefailuresasartists,butsuccessesasteachers.作为艺术家他们是失败者，但作为教师是成功者。 另外，有些抽象名词的复数形式用来表示数量之多，以示强调，如：congratulations,regards,respects,thanks,wishes,apologies,smiles,pities,fears,hopes,kindnesses等。如：Iofferedmycongratulationsonhersuccess.我对她的成功表示了祝贺。Hewasinallsmiles.他满脸笑容。 (3)“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance,value,use,significance,help等。如：It'sofnopracticalusetome.这对我没什么实际用途。TheworkIamdoingisnotofmuchvalue.我做的工作没有多大价值。 3.表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配(1)修饰可数名词的量词：many,few,afew,several,anumberof,thenumberof,agreat/goodmany(2)修饰不可数名词的量词：much,toomuchlittle,alittle,alargeamountof,hugeamountsof,agreatdealof(3)两个皆可修饰的量词：some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,quantityof 三、名词作定语 名词作定语，即用一个名词修饰另外一个名词，主要用来说明被修饰名词的物质构成、用途等。1．物质构成，如：asteelbridge,papermoney2．用途，如：acoffeecup3．时间，如：aneveningpaper4．地点，如：citylife,countrylife,countrymusic5．种类，如：officework6．内容，如：bodylanguage,thefilmindustry 四、名词的格1.－'s所有格①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－'s或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－'s或'。Tom'sandJim'srooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间TomandJim'sroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。atthebarber's在理发店attheteacher's在老师办公室2.of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小说的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字 3.双重所有格指“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。aplayofShakespeare's莎士比亚的一个戏剧afriendofmine我的一个朋友 五、识记下列动词或形容词的名词形式(语法填空常用)Aable—abilityaccept—acceptanceaccurate—accuracyadd—additionadvise—adviceagricultural—agricultureangry—anger anxious—anxietyapologize—apologyappoint—appointmentappreciate—appreciationarrange—arrangementarrive—arrivalassist—assistanceattract—attraction Bbeautiful—beautybelieve—beliefbrave—bravery Ccautious—cautioncomfortable—comfortcommunicate—communicationcompete—competitioncomplete—completionconclude—conclusionconfident—confidence congratulate—congratulationconsider—considerationconstruct—constructioncontribute—contributioncorrect—correction Ddangerous—dangerdark—darknessdie/dead—deathdecide—decisiondescribe—descriptiondetermine—determinationdevote—devotion different—differencedifficult—difficultydiscover—discoverydiscuss—discussiondivide—division Eeconomic—economicseducate—educationencourage—encouragementenergetic—energyequip—equipmentequal—equalityerupt—eruption excite—excitementexist—existenceexpect—expectationexplain—explanation Ffail—failurefamous—famefluent—fluencyfree—freedomfriendly—friend/friendship Hhappy—happinesshard—hardshipharmful—harmhelpful—helphigh—heighthopeful—hopehumorous—humorhungry—hunger Iill—illnessimportant—importanceimpress—impressionindependent—independenceinclude—inclusioninform—informationintend—intention introduce—introductioninvent—inventioninvite—invitation Jjudge—judgmentKkind—kindnessknow—knowledge Llaugh—laughterlazy—lazinesslong—lengthlucky—luck Mmagic—magicianmarry—marriagemerciful—mercymix—mixtureQoccur—occurrenceoperate—operationorganize—organization Ppack—packagepatient—patiencepeaceful—peaceperform—performancepollute—pollutionpossible—possibilityprefer—preference prepare—preparationproduce—productionpronounce—pronunciationprotect—protectionpunish—punishment Rreal—realityreasonable—reasonrelieve—reliefresponsible—responsibility Ssad—sadnesssafe—safetysalty—saltscientific—sciencesecure—securitysettle—settlementsilent—silencesimilar—similarity solve—solutionspecial—specialiststarve—starvationstate—statementstrong—strengthsucceed—successsuggest—suggestionsurvive—survival Uuseful—useVvaluable—valueviolent—violence Wwarm—warmthweak—weaknesswealthy—wealthwise—wisdomYyoung—youth 单句语法填空。1.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor________(advise)abouthishearttrouble.2.Facingcut－throat_____________(compete)inallsubjects,studentsmustdevoteasmuchoftheirtimeaspossible.3.Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.4.Thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible________(crowd)ontheroadsabove.advisecompetitionstudiescrowds 5.ShewasinLondonandspenther________(young)inChina.6.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral___________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.7.His________(curious)madehimwonderaboutclouds.8.(2018年全国卷Ⅲ)MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.9.Thenumberoflanguagesisgettingsmallerallthetimebecauseofthesteady________(grow)ofbiggerlanguages.youthinvitationscuriosityscientistgrowth 10.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher__________(educate)．11.Youshouldtakemore________(exercise).Don'talwayssitatthedeskbusydoingyour________(exercise)．12.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop__________(attract)．educationexerciseexercisesattraction 用下列动词或形容词的适当形式填空。1.Thischangehasdecreased________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakes.2.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat____________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.3.AsfarasIamconcerned,my___________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese－Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.4.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___________(introduce)ofelectric－poweredenginesandlifts.pollutioncontributionssuggestionintroduction 您好，谢谢观看！ 5.Whatmakesthehouseadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.6.Shetookmefromapoor,unhappycollegestudentandbroughtmeintoherworld:aworldofsmiles,loveand________(warm)．7．Thelittlegirlcheckeddetailsofthestoryinthebookwith________(patient)．8.Somethingslookedasiftheyhadnotbeencaredforalongtime,butIknewtheir________(beautify)wasstilltherebeneaththeirownsurface.abilitywarmthpatiencebeauty