word文档题型综合练(二)(限时65分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A Bloodbringsoxygenandnutrientstoallthepartsofthebodysotheycankeepworking.Bloodcarriescarbondioxideandotherwastematerialstothelungs,kidneys,anddigestivesystemtoberemovedfromthebody.Bloodalsofightsinfections,andcarrieshormonesaroundthebody. Redbloodcellsareshapedlikeslightlyindented,flatteneddisks.Theycontainhemoglobin,aproteinthatcarriesoxygen.Bloodgetsitsbrightredcolorwhenhemoglobinpicksupoxygeninthelungs.Asthebloodtravelsthroughthebody,thehemoglobinreleasesoxygentothedifferentbodyparts.Eachredbloodcelllivesforabout4months.Eachday,thebodymakesnewredbloodcellstoreplacethosethatdieorarelostfromthebody.Theyaremadeintheinsidepartofbonescalledthebonemarrow(骨髓). Whitebloodcellsareakeypartoftheimmunesystem.Theimmunesystemhelpsthebodydefenditselfagainstinfection.Differenttypesofwhitebloodcellsfightgerms,suchasbacteriaandviruses.Sometypesofwhitebloodcellsmakeantibodies,whicharespecialproteinsthatrecognizeforeignmaterialsandhelpthebodygetridofthem.Thelifespansofwhitebloodcellsvaryfromhourstoyears.Newcellsareconstantlybeingformed.-17-/17
word文档 Bloodcontainsfarfewerwhitebloodcellsthanredbloodcells.Butthewhitebloodcellcountinsomeonewithaninfectionoftenishigherthanusualbecausemorewhitebloodcellsarebeingmadetobattletheinfection. Platelets(血小板)aretinyoval-shapedcellsthathelpstopthebleeding.Whenabloodvesselbreaks,plateletsgatherintheareaandhelpsealofftheleak.Plateletssurviveonlyabout9daysinthebloodstreamandareconstantlybeingreplacedbynewplateletsmadebythebonemarrow.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了血液的构成及各部分的作用。1.Whatcausesthebloodtotakeonbrightred?A.Bonemarrow. B.Oxygen.C.Carbondioxide.D.Wastematerial.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bloodgetsitsbrightredcolorwhenhemoglobinpicksupoxygeninthelungs.”可知,当血液在肺里携带上氧气之后,便呈现出深红色。故选B。2.Whatwillhappenifyourbodyhasfewerwhitebloodcells?A.Yourimmunesystemwilldisappear.B.Yourbodywillbeshortofprotein.C.Youwillgetinfectedmoreeasily.D.Yourmarrowwillstopmakingblood.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,白细胞是免疫系统的关键部分,由此可推测,如果血液里缺少白细胞,那么人的免疫力会下降,更容易被疾病感染。故选C。3.Whatwillhelpwhenyoucutyourfinger?-17-/17
word文档A.Redbloodcells.B.Whitebloodcells.C.Hemoglobin.D.Platelets.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Plateletsaretinyoval-shapedcellsthathelpstopthebleeding”以及下文的内容可知,血小板主要作用是止血。故选D。B Nowadayscelebritiesaremorefamousfortheircharmandwealththanfortheirachievements,andthissetsabadexampletoyoungpeople.Ipartiallyagreewiththisstatementduetoseveralreasons. Ontheonehand,therearevariousreasonswhypeoplemayarguethatsomecelebritiesareabadexampleforyoungpeople.Firstofall,celebritiesbeepopularduetotheirfancy,wealthandcharminglifestylesinsteadofoutstandingachievementssothatteenagersenvyanddesirethoselifestyles,whichbeesanegativeinfluenceontheteenager.Anotherreasonisthatsomecelebritiesarenotonlybelowtheaverageinactingtalentsparedwithotherscelebrities,butalsoshowingsomethingthatisnotusefultoteenagerswithabrightfuture.Finally,celebrities’hedonisticlifestylesnegativelyinfluenceyoungpeoplebecausethismaycauseyoungpeopleto“enjoytheirlife”insteadofhardwork. Ontheotherhand,thenegativelyinfluenceargumentsgivenabovecanbeconsideredfromtheoppositeangle.Firstly,movieorsportsstarsbeecelebritiesthroughincredibleactsandoutstandingperformance,whichplaysanimportantrolemodelandhasapositiveimpactonateenager.Secondly,ifcelebritieshavestrongdeterminationandhardworktogetamasterpieceofarticlecreative,they-17-/17
word文档wouldberecognizedbythepublicandobtaingreatachievements.AnexampleisthatadirectorfromanactisAmirKhan,whohasbeeaworldfamousBollywoodcelebritythroughhisinspirationalandcreativemoviesinsteadofhiswealthorattractivepersonality.Finally,celebritieshavecreativity,innovation,andabilitiesthatcaninspireadolescents,evenchangingtheirlifeforgood. Inconclusion,althoughcelebrities’charmandwealthmayleadtonegativeexampletoyoungpeople,frommypointofview,Iwholeheartedlyagreethatsomecelebritieswhohaveoutstandingperformancewouldhaveapositiveimpactonadolescents.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,许多名人有魅力又有钱,他们的生活方式对青少年有负面的影响,但作者认为,通过杰出成就而出名的名人对青少年有积极影响。4.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“hedonistic”inParagraph2?A.Focusingonpleasure. B.Devotedtoachievement.C.Busyandmeaningful.D.Confidentandproud.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据下文中“becausethismaycauseyoungpeopleto’enjoytheirlife’insteadofhardwork”可知名人的这种生活方式会导致年轻人只享受生活而不去努力工作,由此猜测画线部分的意思是“追求享乐的”。故选A。5.Whatcanweinferfromthistext?A.Celebritieshavebadinfluenceonadolescents.-17-/17
word文档B.Adolescentsarepositivelyaffectedbycelebrities.C.Youngpeopletendtoimitatethelivesofcelebrities.D.Itishardtodistinguishgoodcelebritiesfrombadones.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章内容,有的名人给年轻人带来坏影响,有的带来好的影响,由此排除A和B;本文并未提到如何辨别好与不好的名人,排除D。但可以推知,年轻人倾向于模仿名人。故选C。6.Howdoestheauthormainlyclarifyhisargument?A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingparison.C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Bylistingfacts.【解析】选B。写作方法题。本文主要通过对两种名人的对比分析,说明有些名人成就卓著,还是值得年轻人效仿的。故选B。【知识拓展】词汇串记表示“多种多样”的短语allkindsof 各种各样的avarietyof各种各样的varietiesof各种各样的allsortsof各种各样的;形形色色agreatdiversityof多种多样的C-17-/17
word文档 Ofallmydreams,myleastfavoriteistheonewhereI’minacar.Italwaysbeginswithmedriving,buteventuallyIrealizethatforsomereasonI’msittinginthebackseat.Ican’tkeepthecarundercontrol,rushingtowardtheroadsideuntilscreaming,Iwakeup. ThisislikethepassengerexperienceinWaymo’sself-drivingcars.Yousitinthebackseatofavehicleandwatchasthewheelturnsitselfaboveanentirelyemptydrivingseat.“Wemadeyouliveyournightmare,”aWaymostaffmemberjokedafterIexitedoneofthepany’sfullyself-drivingcar,followingaquickdriveinsideitssecrettestingsite.Waymo,aself-drivingcarpany,arrangedtheseridesfor40journalistsatthissite. Therewerealsosomedemonstrations(示X).WewatchedasaWaymocarwascutoffbyaspeedingvehicle.Thentheemployeescreatedasituationinwhichapileofmovingboxesfellintothestreetjustasanothercarpassedintheoppositedirection.Throughouttheday,thecarsperformedimpressively,drivingwiththelevelofcareyoumighttakeifyouhadaweddingcakeinthebackseat. Duringthesedemonstrations,Waymogaveinformationaboutwhatitwasplanningtodowiththesevehicles.Thepanyhaslaidoutfourwaysthatitstechnologycouldbemadeavailabletothepublic.ButWaymo’sCEO,JohnKrafcik,wouldn’tshowwhichofthesewaslikelytoetomarketfirst,oronwhatkindoftimeline.-17-/17
word文档 Ican’thelpbutadmirethatWaymoissucceedingindevelopingthistechnology.Therearecountlesspossibilitiesatplayontheroad.Thetaskofprogrammingsoftwaretoreacttoallthosesituationsisunimaginablyplex.Whatagreatbreakthrough!【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家名为Waymo的自动驾驶汽车公司向记者们展示了旗下的技术和产品,作者也参与其中并亲身体验了自动驾驶。7.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherdrivingexperienceinherdream?A.Itwasthrilling. B.Itwasamusing.C.Itwaspuzzling.D.Itwasterrifying.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句从梦境中尖叫醒来的反应以及第三段出现的“nightmare”一词可知,作者是感到害怕的。thrilling惊险的amusing好玩的;puzzling令人迷惑的;terrifying吓人的。故选D。8.Whatmighttheauthorbe?A.She’sareporter.B.She’sasoftwareengineer.C.She’satestdriver.D.She’sasaleswomaninWaymo.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第三段最后一句可知,Waymo公司在秘密地点为40名记者安排了试驾体验,而作者也是其中之一。故选A。9.Whatdidtheauthorintendtoprovebymentioningtheweddingcake?A.Theemployeesperformedwell.B.Theself-drivingcarsworkedwell.-17-/17
word文档C.Theemployeesdrovewithgreatcare.D.Theself-drivingcarsranatasteadyspeed.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,给出这个比喻体现自动驾驶的谨小慎微程度,说明其安全可靠,表现良好。故选B。10.Whatdidtheauthorlearnabouttheself-drivingtechnologyfromthedemonstrations?A.Timetoputitonthemarket.B.Waystoputitonthemarket.C.Futureimprovementitneeds.D.Programmingsoftwareitused.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知,通过这些示X,Waymo公司展示了将它的技术面向公众的四种方式,这就意味着投入市场开始生产。故选B。【知识拓展】熟词生义exit n.出口,通道生义:vi.退出;离去programmen.程序;计划;大纲生义:vi.编程序;安排节目Ⅱ.阅读填句 Alotofstudiessuggestthateatingnutsandseedscanhelpyouloseweight.Anditcanbutonlyinverylimitedamountsandtogetherwithanentiredietandproperexercise. 1 .So,ifyoueattoomanynuts,youwillsurelygainratherthanlosepounds. 2 ,itisimportanttoreducethenumberofcaloriesyoueatelsewhere.Inthiscase,itdependsonhowyoueatyournutsandseeds.Iftheyarerawand-17-/17
word文档unsalted,theycanhelploweryourbloodpressure.However,mostesaltedtoimprovetheirtaste.Manyofusalreadyeattoomuchsalt,whichgenerallyworksinpartnershipwithpotassium(钾)toregulatethefluidbalanceinourbodies. 3 . Itisbesttoeatunsaltedvarieties,butifyouarecarefulwithyoursodium(钠)consumption,youcancheatalittlebychoosingunsaltednutsorseedsandaddingjustalittlebitofsaltathome.Itissuretobelessthanthepackagedproduct. 4 .YoucanuseItalianseasoningorchilipowdertoaddflavorwithoutsodium. 5 ,butquitetheoppositeifyoueattoomany.Therearesomepurejunkfoodsthatweshouldavoid,suchasprocessedmealsandfastfoodmeals.Butwhenitestonutsandseeds,therearebenefitstobegainedfromeatingtherightamount. A.IfyouhaveastrongpreferencefornutsandseedsB.IfyoudoplantoaddnutsorseedstoyourweightlossplanC.Whenthatcriticalbalanceisoff,itdrivesupbloodpressureD.ThereisnodoubtthatnutsandseedsareveryhealthyfoodE.AnothergreatstrategyistoflavoryourseedsornutswithherbsF.NutsespeciallyareveryhighinfatandrepresentahighcalorieloadG.Thetrickythingaboutseedsandnutsisthattheyarehealthyintheproperdose【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了用坚果作为减肥食物时,应注意的问题。1.【解析】选F。根据后文中So,可知,上下句为因果关系,“如果吃太多坚果,你肯定会发胖而不是减肥。原因在于,坚果中脂肪含量尤其高,是高热量的代表”。-17-/17
word文档2.【解析】选B。分析句子结构,此处为复合句的前半句。后半句“重要的是要减少你在其他地方摄入的热量”,由此推测,B项“如果你计划在你的减肥计划中加入坚果或种子”符合语境。3.【解析】选C。根据上句中的相关词balance可知,C项与上句为顺承关系,衔接自然、合理。4.【解析】选E。上文提到,为了增加口味,在家吃的时候加少量盐,E项指另一种增加口味的方法,此处与空前句叙述形成逻辑上的并列关系,所以选E。5.【解析】选G。根据后文中but可知,前后为转折关系。G项中的“properdose”与后面的“toomany”形成对比,故选G。Ⅲ.完形填空Aparent’shopesfor2030When2010arrived,mysonwasonlyayearold—tiny, 1 ,themasterofafewbasicwords,butstillmostlythebabywe’d 2 intotheworld. Nowmybabyhasgrownintoan 3 —tall,strong,stout,andsmart,a(n) 4 ofAkiraKurosawasamuraimovies. A 5 fromnow,in2030,hewillbeanadult.Iexpectthenext10yearstoflyby,andbefilledwith 6 .As2020begins.Iamthinkingaboutthekindofworldmysonwill 7 andexperience.I 8 forhim,andforalltheyoungpeopleofhisage.SoIhaveseveral 9 fortheworldmysonandhisgenerationwilllivein. -17-/17
word文档Ihopewefinallyget 10 aboutclimatechange.Polariceismelting.Theoceansare 11 .Thequestionis 12 whetherwecanstopclimatechange,butwhetherwe’rewillingandabletodoanythingto 13 it. I’mnotsurewhatawarmingplanetwill 14 formyson’slife.Isuspectitmeanshewillliveinaworldwherenationsandgroups 15 limitedresourceslikecleanwaterandfood,whichmeansthatthedangerofclimatechangewon’tejustfromrisingoceans,butfromotherhumanspetingforcontroloverwhat’s 16 . Theworldisalwaysgoingtobefullof 17 abouthowtosolvethechallengesweface.Ihopetoo,thatmyson’sgenerationlearnsto 18 justice—buttodosowithbigheartandhumility,recognizingourmonhumanity(人性)evenwithpeoplewho 19 us. Theworldof2030won’t 20 itself.Wearecreatingitnow,somyfinalwishisthatwebuildthekindofworldweactuallywantourchildrentolivein. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者对10年后儿子和儿子将来所处的世界的担忧和愿望。1.A.special B.generousC.intelligent D.dependent【解析】选D。由上文可知,儿子仅仅一岁,还很小,小孩子是需要依靠的。故选D。2.A.weledB.raisedC.grownD.congratulated【解析】选A。根据常识可知,父母欢迎自己的孩子降临到这个世界。短语weleinto意为“欢迎进入”;raise意为“抚养”,是及物动词,后接宾语;grow“成长”,不符合语境;congratulateon为固定搭配,意为“对某事表示祝贺”。故选A。-17-/17
word文档3.A.athleteB.adolescentC.artistD.engineer【解析】选B。根据下文可知,在2030年,他会成为一个成年人,联系上文2010年他刚刚一岁,可知他现在是青少年。故选B。4.A.director B.author C.lover D.reader【解析】选C。根据下文“AkiraKurosawasamuraimovies.(黑泽明武士电影)”,作者的儿子此时是个青少年,应该是武士电影的爱好者(lover)。故选C。5.A.monthB.centuryC.yearD.decade【解析】选D。根据下文可知,作者预料下一个十年会飞逝而过,在2030年,孩子将会成为一个成年人。此处是10年(decade)。故选D。6.A.questionsB.experienceC.dangerD.change【解析】选D。10年后儿子会长大成人,10年将会飞逝而过,而这其中是充满变化的。故选D。7.A.createB.noticeC.faceD.shake【解析】选C。根据空格后的并列动词experience“经历”可知,此处应为它的近义词,作者在思考自己的儿子即将面对和经历的这个世界。故选C。8.A.worryB.sacrificeC.provideD.arrange【解析】选A。根据下文作者对这个世界现存的问题提出的希望可知,作者为自己的儿子及他的同龄人担心。故选A。9.A.plansB.methodsC.hopesD.choices【解析】选C。根据下一段提示“Ihopewefinallyget...”可知作者对于儿子和他这一代人生活的世界,有一些愿望(hope)。故选C。10.A.particularB.seriousC.optimisticD.enthusiastic-17-/17
word文档【解析】选B。下文提到气候变化是一个严重的问题,作者希望能够认真对待。固定搭配get/beseriousabout意为“认真对待”,故选B。11.A.dryingB.risingC.growingD.cooling【解析】选B。由前文中“Polariceismelting.”可知,海平面应该在上升,下文第五段中也提到了“risingoceans”,故选B。12.A.forsureB.asusualC.nolongerD.tillnow【解析】选C。forsure无疑;asusual像往常一样;nolonger不再;tillnow到现在为止。but连接前后句为转折关系,后一句是肯定语气,推测前一句是否定语气。故选C。13.A.slowB.recordC.pleteD.oppose【解析】选A。联系上文可知,it指代climatechange,我们不能阻止,但能减缓气候变化。故选A。14.A.meanB.obtainC.shareD.seek【解析】选A。根据后句可知,作者不确定全球变暖对于儿子的生活意味着什么。mean属词汇复现。故选A。15.A.pickupB.fightoverC.turndownD.takepart【解析】选B。根据下文“butfromotherhumanspetingforcontrolover”可知,作者在猜想这意味着他将活在一个国家和团体争夺有限资源比如干净的水和食物的世界,fightover意为“争夺”。故选B。16.A.finishedB.continuedC.started D.left【解析】选D。根据上文中提到的“limitedresources”可知,气候变化的危害不仅仅来自海平面上升,更有人类为了掌控剩下的资源的竞争。故选D。17.A.aimsB.examplesC.disagreementsD.results-17-/17
word文档【解析】选C。aims目标;examples例子;disagreements分歧;results结果。根据“howtosolvethechallengesweface”可知,此处应该是人类关于应对挑战的争论。故选C。18.A.escapeB.expressC.seekD.affect【解析】选C。句意:我也希望我儿子这一代人学会寻找正义——但要怀着博大的心和谦卑去这样做,意识到我们共同的人性,即使是那些和我们不一样的人。根据buttodosowithbigheartandhumility,recognizingourmonhumanity,可知,此处应为寻求公正。故选C。19.A.differfromB.agreewithC.refertoD.callfor【解析】选A。本句中的even意为“即使”,表前后转折,结合句意“要意识到共同的人性,即使是与我们不同的人。”可知,前为“mon”,则后应该为“differfrom”。故选A。20.A.blameB.admireC.proveD.build【解析】选D。根据下一句“Wearecreatingitnow”可知此处应为“create”的近义词”build”。表示2030年的世界不会自己建造。故选D。【知识拓展】长难句分析Isuspectitmeanshewillliveinaworldwherenationsandgroupsfightoverlimitedresourceslikecleanwaterandfood,whichmeansthatthedangerofclimatechangewon’tejustfromrisingoceans,butfromotherhumanspetingforcontroloverwhat’sleft.分析:suspect后面都是宾语从句;在这个宾语从句中,hewilllive...waterandfood为宾语从句;where引导定语从句,修饰world;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面itmeans开头的句子;that引导定语从句中的宾语从句。-17-/17
word文档译文:我怀疑这意味着他将生活在一个国家和团体为清洁的水和食物等有限资源而争斗的世界里,这意味着气候变化的危险不仅仅来自上升的海洋,还有来自争夺剩余资源的控制权的其他人。Ⅳ.语法填空 ChinaannouncedonMondayitwillprovide$2billionovertwoyearstohelptobattleCOVID-19,1._________hasaffectedover7billionpeopleandtakenover300,000lives2._________(globe)andwitheconomicandsocialdevelopmentinaffectedcountries,especiallydevelopingcountries. 3._________(give)thatsomeAfricancountrieshaveweakpublichealthsystems,supplyingmorematerial,technologicalandpersonnelsupport4._________themmustbethetoppriorityinCOVID-19response. Sincetheoutbreak,China5._________(send)atremendousquantityofmedicalsuppliesand6.(assist)aswellasfiveChinese7.(medicine)expertteamstoover50Africancountries.Besides,Chinaisreadytoworkwiththeinternationalmunitytohelp8.hardest-hitcountriesunderthegreatestpressurefromdebt. Withthevirusstill9._________(spread),themosturgenttaskistomakeall-outeffortsinCOVID-19controlandtreatment.Wemustalwaysputthepeoplefirst10._________nothingintheworldismorepreciousthanpeople’slives. 【文章大意】本文为新闻报道。中国将在两年内提供20亿美元用于帮助受疫情影响的国家特别是发展中国家的抗疫斗争以及经济社会恢复发展。-17-/17
word文档1.【解析】which。考查定语从句的引导词。连接词引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词COVID-19在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。2.【解析】globally。考查副词。所填单词作状语修饰前面的动词affect和takeover,应用副词globally(全球地,全世界地)。3.【解析】Given。考查介词。句意:鉴于一些非洲国家的公共卫生系统薄弱,向它们提供更多的物质、技术和人员支持必须是新冠肺炎应急行动的首要任务。given表示“考虑到,鉴于”,用作介词,与that连用,引导原因状语从句。4.【解析】to。考查介词。supplysth.tosb.“向某人提供某物”,固定搭配,故填to。5.【解析】hassent。考查时态、语态及主谓一致。主语China是单数概念,与动词send之间为主动关系,时间状语Sincetheoutbreak通常用于现在完成时,故填hassent。6.【解析】assistance。考查名词。此处与medicalsupplies并列作动词send的宾语,应用所给单词的名词形式assistance(帮助、援助、支持),不可数名词,故填assistance。7.【解析】medical。考查形容词。此处作定语修饰名词expertteams,应用所给单词的形容词形式medical。8.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:此外,中国愿与国际社会一起帮助受灾最严重、债务压力最大的国家。hardest-hit为形容词最高级,前面需加定冠词the。9.【解析】spreading。考查非谓语动词。句意:由于病毒仍在传播,最紧迫的任务是全力控制和治疗新冠肺炎。此处为with+宾语+宾语补足语结构,spread与with的宾语是主动关系。故填spreading。10.【解析】because/as。考查状语从句的连接词。句意:我们必须始终把人民放在第一位,因为世界上没有什么比人的生命更宝贵的了。根据句意可知,此处需要一个连接词引导原因状语从句,故填because/as。-17-/17
word文档【知识拓展】长难句分析ChinaannouncedonMondayitwillprovide$2billionovertwoyearstohelptobattleCOVID-19,whichhasaffectedover7billionpeopleandtakenover300,000livesgloballyandwitheconomicandsocialdevelopmentinaffectedcountries,especiallydevelopingcountries.分析:该句子中itwillprovide$2billionovertwoyearstohelptobattleCOVID-19为宾语从句,作announced的宾语;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰其前的COVID-19。译文:中国周一宣布,将在两年内提供20亿美元帮助抗击新冠肺炎。这场灾难已经影响到全球70多亿人,夺走了30多万人的生命,受灾国家、特别是发展中国家的经济和社会发展也受到了影响。-17-/17
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