word文档题型综合练(六)(限时65分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A Elephant,horseandcowwastescouldbesustainablesourcesforakeyelementneededtomanufacturepaper.Itisgoodnewsforsomenationswheretreesarescarcewhileanimalwasteseinespeciallyhandy. Theideafortheunusualuseofelephant,horseandcowwastesfirstcametomindwhenresearcherDrAlexanderBismarcknoticedsomethingstrangeaboutgoatwasteswhilevacationinginGreece.Heobservedsomegoatseatingsummer-drygrassandcametoaninterestingconclusionaboutwhattheydigest. DrBismarcksaid,“Irealizedwhatesoutintheendispartiallydigestedplantmattersotheremustbecellulose(纤维素)there”.Animalseatdrygrasscontainingcellulose,chewitanddigestitintheirstomachandthenproducewastes.Upto40percentofthatwastesarecellulose,whichiseasilyaccessible.Therefore,makingpaperfromthepartiallydigestedmaterialwouldtakemuchlessenergythanusingrawwood.Additionally,itwouldrequirefewerchemicaltreatments. Thissupplyofrawmaterialisplenty:parksinAfricathatarehometohundredsofelephantsproducetonsofwasteseveryday,andenormouscattlefarmsintheUSandEuropeyieldmountainsofwastes. Inordertomakepaper,thematerialmustbeprocessedwithspecialmethod.Butitrequireslittlebecausethereisnoneedtobreakitdownintosmallpartsfor-17-/17
word文档useinpaper,incontrasttoconventionalmethodswhichneedalotofenergytobreakdownwood. Usingwastes,wecanreducethenumberofstepsneededinpapermaking,simplybecausetheanimalalreadychewedtheplantandattackeditwithacidintheirstomachs.Youinexpensivelyproduceapaperstaffthathasthesameorevenbetterpropertiesthanthatfromwood,withlowerenergyandchemicalconsumption.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,研究者发现,大象、马、牛等的排泄物里含有大量纤维素,可以用来造纸,比用木头造纸更经济,而且原料充足。1.Whycananimalwastesbeusedtomakepaper?A.Theywillneverrunout.B.Theyareeasytoaccess.C.Theyarepartlydigested.D.Theycontainmuchcellulose.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句以及第三段可知,纤维素是造纸必需的元素,而动物粪便里含有40%的纤维素,由此判断,D选项符合题意。2.Whatistheadvantageofmakingpaperfromanimalwastes?A.Itismoreprofitable.B.Itisenergy-saving.C.Itneedslessmaterial.D.Itfitsallpartsoftheworld.-17-/17
word文档【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Therefore,makingpaperfromthepartiallydigestedmaterialwouldtakemuchlessenergythanusingrawwood.”可知,用动物的排泄物造纸可以比用木头造纸节省能源。故选B。3.Whatistheprobableexplanationoftheunderlinedword“attack”?A.Treat. B.Mix. C.Clean. D.Protect.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句可知,用动物排泄物造纸省却了用木头造纸必需的一些过程;再根据上段第二句可知,省却的这个过程就是将原料粉碎的过程,也就是动物胃里的食物是经过咀嚼和用胃酸浸泡和腐蚀过的。由此推知画线部分的意义接近“处理”,故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析Butitrequireslittlebecausethereisnoneedtobreakitdownintosmallpartsforuseinpaper,incontrasttoconventionalmethodswhichneedalotofenergytobreakdownwood.分析:because至句子结尾为原因状语从句;其中incontrastto至结尾为介词短语作状语;which引导定语从句,修饰conventionalmethods。译文:但它(用动物粪便造纸)的要求很少,因为不再需要把动物粪便分解成小的部分用于造纸,而传统的方法则需要大量的能量来分解木材。BThe47,000InuitwholiveinCanada’sArcticspeakfivedialectsofInuktutanduseninewritingsystems.ThedialectsaresimilarenoughthatanInukfromonegroupcanpuzzleoutwhataspeakerfromanotherissaying.Thewritingsystems,inventedbyChristianmissionaries(传教士)startinginthe18thcentury,arebigger-17-/17
word文档barrierstoprehension.Threeusesyllabics-characterstorepresentsyllables(音节)—ratherthantheRomanalphabet.Bothsystemscanbeaddedwithdiacriticalmarks(变音符)thatchangepronunciationandmeaning.municationisdifficultandtranslatingtextbooksandgovernmentdocumentsexpensive.Partlybecauseofthesedifficulties,Inuktut,agroupoflanguagesspokenby39,000Inuit,isgivinggroundtoEnglish.InNunavut,thenorthernmostCanadianterritory,wheremostInuitlive,notallschoolsofferclassesinInuktuteventhoughtheterritoryhasmandatedbilingualeducationby2020.Mostphonesandkeyboardsneedextrasoftwaretohandlesyllabics,soyoungInuittextandemailmainlyinEnglish,saysCrystalMartin-LapenskieoftheNationalInuitYouthCouncil. OnSeptember26thInuitTapiriitKanatami,thenationalInuitorganization,decidedtorelievethesedifficultiesbyadoptingaunifiedwritingsystem.InuktutQaliujaaqpait,thenewwritingsystem,willusebinationsofromanletterstorepresentthesoundsinallfivedialects.ItisawritingsystemcreatedbyInuitforInuit,saysNatanObed,thegroup’spresident.Gettingtothispointwasnoteasy,fortheInuitaimforconsistence.Amitteetookeightyearstoachieveit.Elderswhogrewupwithsyllabicsworrythattheshifttoromanletterswoulderasepartoftheirculture.Linguistshadtoeupwithwaystodistinguishbetweensounds,likedifferentwaysofpronouncing“r”,withoutusingdiacritics,whichaddanextrastepintyping.Everysoundhadtoberepresented.-17-/17
word文档Therecouldbe“nodialectleftbehind”,saysMichaelCook,alinguistwhoworkedontheproject.TheNunatsiaqNews,anewspaperthatcirculatesintheeasternArctic,willcontinuetousesyllabicsinitsInuktuttext,saysitseditor,JimBell.ThegovernmentsofNunavutandofCanada,thenewspaper’sbiggestadvertisers,stillwantadvertisementssetinsyllabicsandintheromanorthography(拼写法)nowusedforInuinnaqtun,anofficiallanguageintheterritory.MrBell“canforeseealongtransitionperiod”.Inthenorth,changecaneataglacialpace.【文章大意】因纽特人是美洲原住民之一,他们分布于北极圈周围,包括格陵兰、阿拉斯加以及加拿大的努纳武特地区等。加拿大的北极地区生活有4万7千多名因纽特人,他们说因纽特语,但是有5种方言,9种书写系统,这造成了沟通的困难。为了解决这一问题,因纽特社区决定推行一套统一的书写系统,但新系统的实施仍然需要经历很长一段时间。4.WhatcontributestothedifficultyinmunicationforInuit?A.Longdistance.B.Variousaccents.C.Differentwritingsystems.D.Severegeographicsituation.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段前两句话“The47,000InuitwholiveinCanada’sArcticspeakfivedialectsofInuktutanduseninewritingsystems.ThedialectsaresimilarenoughthatanInukfromonegroupcanpuzzleoutwhataspeakerfromanotherissaying.居住在加拿大北极地区的47000名因纽特人讲5种因纽特语方言,并使用9种书写系统,这些方言足够相似,-17-/17
word文档以至于一名来自某个族群的因纽特人苦苦思索才能琢磨出另一名来自其他族群的人在说什么”。可知是因纽特语中多种方言和不同的书写系统导致因纽特人的沟通困难,故答案为C项。5.HowdoesParagraph4develop?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingparison.D.Bydrawingconclusions.【解析】选B。细节理解题。第四段介绍了新的书写体系在实施过程中遇到的困难,其中列举了从小习惯使用音节符号的老年人和语言学家们的例子,前者担心转向罗马字母会使他们一部分文化消失,后者不得不设计出各种区分声音的方法,故答案为B项。6.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.YoungpeoplepreferEnglishtoInuitwhentextingmessages.B.ThenewwritingsystemiscreatedbyChristianmissionaries.C.Inthenorththeshifttothenewwritingsystemcanbeverysmooth.D.ThenewwritingsystemiswellacceptedandpromotedbyTheNunatsiaqNews.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Mostphonesandkeyboardsneedextrasoftwaretohandlesyllabics,soyoungInuittextandemailmainlyinEnglish大多数手机和键盘都需要额外的软件来处理因纽特语音节,因此因纽特年轻人主要使用英语来发短信和”可知A项正确;第三段“ItisawritingsystemcreatedbyInuitforInuit这是一套由因纽特人为因纽特人创造的书写系统”可知B项不正确;根据最后一段“TheNunatsiaqNews,anewspaperthatcirculatesintheeasternArctic,willcontinuetousesyllabicsinitsInuktuttext...Inthenorth,changecaneataglacial-17-/17
word文档pace《努纳特西亚新闻》是一份在北极东部地区发行的报纸,报纸将继续在因纽特语版本中使用音节符号……在北方,变化可以以极其缓慢的速度进行”可知C、D项不正确。C RicisaretiredCPA,whopreviouslyworkedinthenonprofitindustry.Hewasdiagnosedwithbladdercancerin2013.Hedecidedrightthenandthereonthecourseoftreatment.Hesays,“Ididn’twantasecondopinion,becauseIdidn’twanttowasteanytime!”Soonafter,hebeganacourseofchemotherapy,followedbysurgery. Formanycancersurvivors,theeffectsofacancerdiagnosisdon’tentirelydisappearaftertreatmentends.ThiswasthecasewithRic.Aftersurgery,hejoinedasupportgroup“outofdesperation”,hopingthatafellowsurvivorcouldgivehimadvice.However,nooneelseinthesupportgrouphadhadthesameprocedure,orknewwhattodotohelp. AhospitalsocialworkerreferredRictoaHealthcare’ssupportgroupforpeoplewiththesamesituationashimandhefeltfortableevenatthefirstgroupmeeting.Hewasalsoencouragedtogetasecondopinionandgetintouchwithadifferentdoctor.Andanothersurgeryendedupfixinghisproblem. Basedonhisexperience,Ricnowurgesotherpatientstoseekasecondopinion,andtospeakupiftheydisagreewiththeirhealthcareteam.“Doctorsarenotgods.They’repeople.Theymakemistakes.Listentoyourdoctor,butdon’tbeafraidtochallengethem.”-17-/17
word文档 Healsostronglybelievesintheimportanceofpeersupport.Hetellsotherpatients:“You’renotalone.Therearepeopleouttherewho’vebeenthroughthisbefore.Nomatterwhatyou’refacing,there’ssomeonewho’sbeenthroughitalready,andyouneedtoseekthosepeopleout.Sometimesfamilyunderstandbutsometimestheydon’t.Thebestsupportissomeonewhohasgonethroughit.” That’swhyfouryearslater,Ricstillattendsaweeklysupportgroup.Heseesitasawaytohelpothers,inthesamewaythatothersoncehelpedhim.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个癌症患者术后重新选择支持组,甚至重新选择医生的经历。7.WhatisRic’sattitudetowardsthetreatmentofhiscancer?A.Active. B.Satisfied.C.Hopeless.D.Negative.【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据前两段内容可知,Ric在被诊断为癌症后,立刻进行治疗,术后又主动参加支持组寻求帮助,这些都说明他对自己的癌症治疗是积极的。故选A。8.WhatisoneofRic’ssuggestionstopeoplelikehim?A.Believeinyourdoctor.B.Speakinaloudvoice.C.Don’tbeafraidofmistakes.D.Seekasecondopinionifneeded.【解析】选D。细节理解题。文章第四段和第五段都提到了Ric的建议,根据第四段中“Ricnowurgesotherpatientstoseekasecondopinion”可知,Ric建议病人征求别的医生的意见是他的建议之一。故选D。-17-/17
word文档9.Whocangiveapatientthemostsuitablesupport?A.Thefamilymembers.B.Peopleofthesameage.C.Thosewhoexperiencedthesameillness.D.Thosewhoareexpertatcuringdiseases.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thebestsupportissomeonewhohasgonethroughit.”可知,能够给病人最大支持的是得过同样病的人。故选C。10.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthistext?A.Differentopinionsofdoctors.B.Theexperienceofacancerpatient.C.Differentsupportgroups.D.Mentalproblemsofcancerpatients.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文分享了一位癌症患者术后重新选择支持组,甚至重新选择医生的经历。故选B。【知识拓展】词汇串记non-构成的单词nonprofit adj.非营利的;不以营利为目的的non-existencen.不存在non-essentialadj.非必需的,不重要的non-electricaladj.非电的non-standardadj.不标准的,不规X的non-smokingadj.无烟的,不允许吸烟的-17-/17
word文档non-stopadj.直达的;中途不停的Ⅱ.阅读填句HowtoteachyourkidsthevalueofmoneyForthemanyparentswhowanttoteachtheirkidseconomic(经济的)ideasandpreparethemfortheirfinancialfutures,whereisthestartingpoint? 1 Here’stheiradvice: Makesuremoneyisn’t“invisible(看不见的)”toyourkids.ChrisWhitlow,CEOofEdukate,describedmoneyas“acontactsport(接触性运动).”“It’slikeifyouweretoreadaboutfootballandthentrytoplayfootball,”Whitlowsaid.“ 2 ” That’swhyit’simportantforfamiliestospeakopenlyaboutfinancestogettheirkidsbetterpreparedfortheirfinancialfuture. 3 Onewaytoteachkidsaboutmoneyistosimplyletthemhaveit,andcashisagreatstart.GwenTulin,founderofBrainArtsProductions,suggestedthatparentstakeafewminutestogetcashfromanATMandpickonestoretousethatmoneyinfrontoftheirkids.Don’tbeafraidoffinanciallanguage.TanyaVanCourtstartedGoalsetter,asavingandgivingplatform(平台)forkids.Shewonderswhymanyparentsarefrightenedtoevenstartaconversationaboutmoneywiththeirkids. 4 Tohelpotherfamiliesdothesame,GoalsetteroffersanUrbanFinancialDictionarythatexplainsfinanciallanguages. -17-/17
word文档 5 Goalsetteroffersthreedifferentwaysforkidstosettheirfinancialgoals:savingforthefuture,savingforthings,andsharingwithothers.“Wedon’tjustwantlessonsaboutusingyourmoneyforyourself.”VanCourtsaid,“butalsogivingbacktootherpeopleinneed.”A.Don’tgiveyourkidstoomuchmoney.B.Letyourchildrenhavesomemoneytoworkwith.C.Readingaboutitismoreimportantthanplayingit.D.Readingaboutitandplayingitaretwodifferentthings.E.Shemadesuretointroducefinancialbasicstoherownchildren.F.Don’tforgettoexplainthatmoneycanbeapowerfultooltohelpothers.G.Weaskedsomeexpertstointroducethebestwaystoteachkidsthevalueofmoney.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,就父母怎样对孩子进行金钱价值观教育提出了几点建议。1.【解析】选G。该句承上启下。下文中的关键词是“their”,指“专家们的”,对于第一段提到的问题,我们去征求了专家的建议。故选G。2.【解析】选D。前面说到ChrisWhitlow把金钱描述为“接触性运动”,然后以先阅读有关足球的文章然后去尝试踢足球来类比,说明reading和playing两者是不同的,都是必要的。故D项“阅读和玩是两回事”切题。3.【解析】选B。根据下文“教孩子们理财的一个方法就是让他们拥有它,而现金是一个很好的开始”。所以本段主要的建议是“让你的孩子有钱去花”,故选B。-17-/17
word文档4.【解析】选E。下文介绍了“为了帮助其他家庭也做同样的事”,由此推断,此处内容为她对自己孩子的做法:她给自己的孩子介绍了一些基本的理财知识,故E项切题。5.【解析】选F。文章最后两句中VanCourt说到“我们不想只有关于怎样为自己花钱的经验,我们还想回馈那些需要帮助的人”与此处相呼应:要给孩子解释钱可以成为帮助他人的强大工具。故F项切题。Ⅲ.完形填空 Bodyconfidencemeanshavingalightofcontentmentthatnoonecanturnoffandbeingokaywithwhoyouarepletely.Ihavethat—andIknowthatI’mperfectlyme.Iwasbornwitha(n) 1 forearmandthreefingersonmyright 2 .OncewhenIwasyounger,Igotmy 3 doneatthesalon,butpeopletherereacted 4 tome,soIneverwentback.Recently,mymompaintedmynailsforme,andI 5 apictureofmymanicure(美甲)onFacebook.Ididn’tthinkitwouldgetthatmuchpositiveattention,butit 6 ,andI’mreallyhappyaboutit. Doingnewthings 7 myconfidence.Iwanttobea 8 ,andIstartedaYouTubechannelto 9 myfortzone.WhenIwasgrowingup,itwouldhavebeen 10 toseesomebodylikemeonTV,toletmeknowthatit’sokaythatIamthewaythatIam.NowI 11 goodmentsfromotherpeople 12 howIsingandjustgetpositivefeeling.Recently,Iwenttoagroupevent 13 byLuckyFin,whichisdevotedtobodydifferences,anditfelt 14 tomeetotherpeoplelikeme.Iwassoinspiredbyeveryone, 15 RebekahMarine.She’samodelandspeaker,andshewasbornwithoutaforearm.She 16 methatwhenshewas-17-/17
word文档young,itwas 17 forherandittookherawhiletoaccept 18 .ItmademecrybecauseIcould 19 .She’sreallyinspirational,andthat’s 20 Iwanttobetoo. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者天生前臂短,右手只有三根手指,把修指甲的照片发到Facebook上后,得到许多正面的关注,自己感到很高兴。作者也勇于尝试新事物,参加了LuckyFin组织的团体活动,认识了RebekahMarine,了解了她的经历,作者也想拥有她那样能够鼓舞人心的品质。1.A.normal B.artificial C.shortened D.strong【解析】选C。normal正常的;artificial人造的;shortened缩短的;strong强壮的。结合后文可知,作者先天有残疾,小臂生来就短。故选C。2.A.handB.footC.bodyD.ankle【解析】选A。根据上文threefingers以及后文作者做指甲可知,作者右手有三根手指。故选A。3.A.nailsB.hairsC.eyebrowsD.fingers【解析】选A。根据后文doneatthesalon及paintedmynails可知,讨论的话题为“美甲”,在美甲沙龙做过美甲,此处为词汇复现。故选A。4.A.kindlyB.negativelyC.angrilyD.politely【解析】选B。kindly亲切地;negatively消极地;angrily愤怒地;politely礼貌地。根据后文soIneverwentback可知,美甲沙龙里的人对作者的反应并不好,所以作者没有再回去。故选B。5.A.drewB.removedC.downloadedD.posted-17-/17
word文档【解析】选D。根据后文apictureofmymanicureonFacebook可知,是在Facebook上发了一X我修指甲的照片。故选D。6.A.existedB.fadedC.didD.disappeared【解析】选C。作者没想到自己的照片会得到那么多关注,但是这X照片确实得到关注了。此处强调上文动词get,肯定应用did。故选C。7.A.buildsB.damagesC.affectsD.limits【解析】选A。根据后文myconfidence可知,尝试新事物可以建立作者的信心。故选A。8.A.photographerB.singerC.painterD.reporter【解析】选B。根据后文howIsing可知作者想要成为一名歌手。故选B。9.A.tryoutB.slideintoC.getoutofD.putupwith【解析】选C。tryout试验;slideinto滑入;getoutof摆脱,逃避;putupwith忍受。结合后文myfortzone可知,作者想要成为歌手,因此在YouTube开设频道,是为了摆脱自己的舒适区。故选C。10.A.strangeB.niceC.funnyD.tough【解析】选B。根据后文可知,作者觉得如果能在电视上看到像自己这样的人,就可以认识到自己这样也很好。故选B。11.A.ignoreB.rejectC.deleteD.hear【解析】选D。根据后文goodmentsfromotherpeople可知作者听到了别人好的评价。故选D。12.A.inB.onC.atD.by【解析】选B。menton“对……评价”为固定搭配。故选B。13.A.celebratedB.designedC.attendedD.organized-17-/17
word文档【解析】选D。句意:最近,我参加了一个由LuckyFin组织的团体活动。根据上文agroupevent可知是指由LuckyFin组织的团体活动。故选D。14.A.greatB.upsetC.embarrassedD.depressed【解析】选A。根据后文Iwassoinspiredbyeveryone可知,作者觉得能认识跟自己一样有身体残疾的人感觉很好。故选A。15.A.actuallyB.obviouslyC.possiblyD.especially【解析】选D。后文特别提到了RebekahMarine的经历,可知RebekahMarine特别让作者感到受鼓舞。此处使用especially可表示强调。故选D。16.A.warnedB.toldC.remindedD.promised【解析】选B。她告诉我,小时候她过得不容易,很难接受自己,花了一段时间才做到。RebekahMarine向作者讲述自己的经历。故选B。17.A.hardB.easyC.valuableD.unusual【解析】选A。RebekahMarine生来就没有前臂,根据常识推断,小时候肯定过得很艰难。故选A。18.A.itselfB.themselvesC.herselfD.ourselves【解析】选C。结合上文ittookherawhiletoaccept可知RebekahMarine生来就没有前臂,因此她花了一段时间才能接受自己。故选C。19.A.rememberB.standC.relateD.dream【解析】选C。作者也和RebekahMarine有一样的身体残疾问题,因此能认同理解她的感受。relate“认同理解”,故选C。20.A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something【解析】选D。RebekahMarine很能鼓舞人心,这也是作者想要拥有的某种品质。故选D。-17-/17
word文档Ⅳ.语法填空Manyofusbelievethathavingchildrenisthekey1._________happinessandaperfectfamilylife.2._________(natural),thisidealisticimageistrueforsome,butresearcherssaythatinreality,childrenmakeushappiestwhenthey3._______(grow)upandlefthome.ResearchersinGermanylookedatdatafromasurveyof55,000over50-year-olds4.(live)inEurope.Mostparentswerehappierwithlifeaftertheirchildrenhadlefthome5._________(start)makingtheirownwayinlife.Researcherssaythiscouldbesobecauseraisingchildrencreatesfinancialworry,stress,tirednessandanxiety. TheresearcherChristophBeckerconcludedthatabigreasonforparentsbeinghappiestwhentheirchildrenleavehomeis6._________thechildrenprovidemoresupporttotheirparents.Hesaidparentswhosechildrennolongerlivewiththemsufferfrom7._________(few)symptomsofdepressionandhaveamorepositiveoutlookonlife.MrBeckersaid,“Children’srolesascaregivers,providersoffinancialsupportorsimplyas8.meansofsocialcontactmightoutweighthenegative9._________(respect)ofparenthood.”Headdedthatmaintainingfamilyrelationshipsmayputoff10._________(lonely)inagingparents. 【文章大意】文章讲述了一项新的研究表明,父母在育儿方面最大的幸福感可能来自孩子长大离家之后。1.【解析】to。考查介词。thekeyto……的关键,故填to。2.【解析】Naturally。考查副词。修饰整句话用副词“自然地”,故填Naturally。-17-/17
word文档3.【解析】havegrown。考查动词。when引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语动词,根据前面的make可知,此处表示现在的客观情况,所以用和现在有关的时态。然后根据空后面的left可知,此处用现在完成时,left前面省略了have。故填havegrown。4.【解析】living。考查非谓语动词。50-year-olds与live是主动关系,使用现在分词作后置定语,故填living。5.【解析】tostart。考查非谓语动词。todo作目的状语,故填tostart。6.【解析】that。考查连词。引导表语从句,从句中不缺成分,但是不能省略,故填that。7.【解析】fewer。考查比较级。根据more可知使用比较级,更少的抑郁症状,故填fewer。8.【解析】a。考查冠词。表示泛指,一种社交手段,故填a。9.【解析】respects。考查名词。消极的方面,不仅仅一处,使用名词复数,故填respects。10.【解析】loneliness。考查名词。可能会推迟年迈父母的孤独感,名词作宾语,故填loneliness。【知识拓展】熟词生义MrBeckersaid,“Children’srolesascaregivers,providersoffinancialsupportorsimplyasameansofsocialcontactmightoutweighthenegativerespectsofparenthood.”respectn.熟义:尊敬;生义:方面(文中含义)-17-/17