优选Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries(主题语境：人与社会—历史、社会与文化)基础知识·全面回顾JICHUZHISHIQUANMIANHUIGU●Ⅰ单词分类巧记阅读词汇认读1．incomen．__收入__2．povertyn.__贫穷__3．expectancyn.__预期数额__4．vastadj.__巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的__核心词汇识记1．__measure__vt.测定；测量；评估2．__position__n．位置3．__figure__n．数字4．__exchange__n．交换5．__hunger__n.饥饿→__hungry__adj.饥饿的6．__development__n.发展→__develop__v.使发展；(使)成长→__developing__adj.发展中的→__developed__adj.发达的7．__educate__vt.教育；培养；训练→__education__n.教育8．__crowded__adj.拥挤的→__crowd__n.人群v.聚拢9．__similarity__n.类似；相似→__similar__adj.相似的→__similarly__adv.相似地；同样地10．__unfortunate__adj.不幸的；遗憾的→__fortunate__(反义词)adj.幸运的→__fortune__n.运气；命运-16-/16
优选11．__polluted__adj.受到污染的→__pollute__v.污染→__pollution__n.污染12．__entertainment__n.娱乐→__entertain__vt.使娱乐；款待 用所给词的适当形式填空1．Inordertogivehergood__education__，herparentssenthertoafamousschooltobe__educated__.(educate)2．Thetwopicturesare__similar__andit’seasytofindmany__similarities__betweenthem.__Similarly__，youcanalsofindsomedifferences.(similar)3．Itis__unfortunate__tobestuckintherain.Even__unfortunately__，wecouldn’tfindanyonetohelpus.Atlastwetriedour__fortune__tofindashortcut.__Fortunately__wearrivedhomebeforedark.Sowewerealso__fortunate__.(fortunate)4．Becauseoftheheavy__pollution__，manypeopleinthetownbecameillbecauseofthe__polluted__airtheybreathedin.(pollute)5．Owingtothegreat__hunger，__agreatnumberof__hungry__childrendied.(hungry)6．Withthe__development__ofeconomy，people’slivesarebecomingbetterandbetter.However，China，asa__developing__country，isdifferentfromAmerica，whichisa__developed__one.(develop)●Ⅱ短语互译速记1．达到；直到__upto__2．在……顶端__atthetopof__3．在……底部__atthebottomof__4．努力__makeefforts__5．采取措施__takemeasures__6．inparticular__尤其；特别__7．inthelasttenyears__在最近十年__-16-/16
优选8．beconnectedwith__与……有联系；与……有关__9．becloseto__接近；靠近__ 选用上述短语填空1．Ourcityhasbeendevelopedintoanindustrialone__inthelasttenyears__.2．Theman__wasconnectedwith__themurdersothepolicequestionedhim.3．Asastudent，wemust__makeefforts__tolearnmoreknowledge.4．Theprojectwillcreate__upto__100newjobsforthegraduates.5．Seeingthefamoussinger，thefansarecheering__atthetopof__theirvoices.6．Iwanttofindanapartmentwhich__iscloseto__mycompanysothatIneedn’tgetupsoearlyanymore.1．“收入”面面观(1)incomen．收入(2)payn．报酬(3)salaryn．(按月发的)薪水(4)wagen．(按小时、日、周计的)工资(5)pensionn．养老金；退休金2．“大”集合(1)vastadj.巨大的；庞大的(2)largeadj.巨大的；身材高大的(3)bigadj.大的(4)grandadj.盛大的(5)greatadj.巨大的3．条条大“路”(1)freewayn．高速公路-16-/16
优选(2)highwayn．公路(3)railwayn．铁路(4)expresswayn．高速公路(5)railroadn．铁路4．“名词＋-y变为形容词”高频词汇扫描(1)hunger→hungry饥饿的(2)anger→angry生气的(3)thirst→thirsty渴的(4)cloud→cloudy多云的(5)wealth→wealthy富裕的(6)health→healthy健康的5．“努力做某事”汇总(1)makeefforts/everyefforttodosth.(2)try/doone’sbesttodosth.(3)goallouttodosth.(4)doallthatsb.cantodosth.(5)dowhatsb.cantodosth.6．“在某人看来”的多种表达(1)inone’sopinion(2)inone’sview(3)fromone’spointofview(4)asfarassb.beconcerned(5)asforsb.●Ⅲ佳句精析精练1．Norwayisatthetopofthelist，whiletheUSisatnumber7.挪威高居榜首，然而美国名列第七。-16-/16
优选[精析] while在此用作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意思是“然而；但是”。2．However，inotherregionsoftheworld，e．g.EasternEuropean，waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.然而，在世界上的其他地区，比如东欧，饮用水大部分是安全的。[精析] 主语＋be＋adj.＋todo，用主动形式表被动含义。3．Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool，about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated.在发展中国家，虽然80%以上的儿童都能上小学，但仍有约1.15亿儿童不能接受教育。[精析] although引导让步状语从句。4．It’sanagreementbetweentownsorcitiesofsimilarsizeandage...这是规模和历史相似的城市和城镇之间的一份协定……[精析] “of＋某些名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征。[句式仿写]根据上述句式完成句子1．一些人赞同他的计划，而其他人反对。Somepeopleareforhisplan__whileothersareagainstit__.2．在很多人看来，尽管那家公司相对来说较小，人们却能够与之愉快合作。Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatcompany，thoughrelativelysmall，is__pleasanttodealwith__.3．虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。Heisunhappy，__althoughhehasalotofmoney__.4．汤姆和杰克年龄相同。TomandJackare__ofthesameage__.●Ⅳ单元语法过关连词语法填空-16-/16
优选1．UncleJimisashyman，__but__heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.[解析] 句意：吉姆叔叔是个害羞的人，但他不惧怕任何人或事。but此处为转折连词。2．There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery__while__anotherman，alsointelligent，fails.[解析] 句意：很难理解为什么一个人会做出一项重要的发现而另一个同样很聪明的人却没有。while并列连词，表示“然而”。3．__Although/Though__small，thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.[解析] 句意：尽管很小，这个公司在30多个国家里有大约1000个购买者。although/though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。分析句子知，本句是状语从句中的省略现象。4．Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings，__however__fullone’sscheduleisinlife.[解析] 句意：一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情，不管在生活中时间表安排得有多满。however引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，修饰后面的形容词full。5．Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimewithhissoneven__if/though__hewantsto.[解析] 句意：他很忙。即使他想跟儿子在一起，他也抽不出时间。evenif/though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。考点探究·素养演练KAODIANTANJIUSUYANGYANLIAN高频单词1．measurevt.测定；测量；评估vi.某物有……长(或宽、高等) n．尺寸；措施激活知识语法填空①Thenumberofthemislessthan1,000，soIhopeyoucantakesomeeffective-16-/16
优选measures__toprotect__(protect)them.②Thenewbridgeunderconstruction，__measuring__(measure)twiceaslongastheoldone，isduetobecompletednextmonth.归纳拓展(1)bemeasuredby/in...用……来衡量(2)make...toone’smeasure按某人的尺寸做……takemeasures(todosth.)采取措施(做某事)注意：(1)measure表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。(2)measure“某物有……长(宽、高等)”时，为不及物动词，其后接表示事物长(宽、高等)的名词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词的形式。能力提升根据汉语提示完成片断Muchtomysadness，Ihavetowearthecoatsmade①__tomyownmeasure__(按照自己的尺寸)becauseI’mgettingfatternowadays.AlthoughIknowbeautyshouldn’t②__bemeasuredby__(以……来衡量)agoodshape，it’stimeformeto③__takemeasurestoloseweight__(采取措施减肥)．2．positionn．位置；姿势；地位；职务；职位激活知识完成句子①Atpresentshe__holdsthepositionof__companymanager.她现任公司经理。翻译句子②Ifyouwereinmyposition，youwouldhavesympathyforthosepoorchildren.译：__如果你身在我的处境，你也会同情那些可怜的孩子。__归纳拓展ina(n)．..position处于……地位/位置in/outofposition在/不在恰当的位置-16-/16
优选beinapositiontodosth.(因有能力、金钱或权力而)能做某事holdthepositionof...担任……职位takeup(one’s)position就位提示：当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where.能力提升语法填空①WhenIknowallthefacts，I’llbeinaposition__toadvise__(advise)you.②Salesdirectorisaposition__where__communicationisjustasimportantassalesskills.3．figuren．数字；图形；人物；身材 vt.计算；认为；描绘激活知识观察句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义①(2020·天津高考)Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild，withhertinyfigure.(__身材__)②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IfiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustasclosetoitasIamtomydogs.(__认为__)③(2017·江苏高考)Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993.(__数字__)④Shewasfrightenedtoseeafigureinthedark.(__人影__)⑤Hewasoneofthegreatestfiguresinhistory.(__人物__)导图助记-16-/16
优选图解助记能力提升语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenyouweretryingtofigure__out__whattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist，furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.②Everywomanwants__a__slimfigurethesedays，especiallyhereinthecities.4．exchangen．&vt.交换激活知识完成句子①Youcan__exchange__yourcurrency__for__dollarsinthehotel.你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。②WouldyoulikemyoldTV__inexchangefor__thiscamera?用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？导图助记提示：changesb./sth.forsb./sth.与exchange含义接近，不可相混，是“替换或代替某人/物”之意。exchangesth.withsb.指“两个人交换某物”。-16-/16
优选图解助记能力提升介词填空①Iexchangedseats__with__Bill.②Hegavemeanapple__in__exchangeforapieceofcake.常考短语5．makeefforts努力激活知识完成句子①Wemust__makeefforts__totranslateouridealintoreality.我们必须努力把理想变成现实。②Bearinmindthatyoushould__makeaneffort__tostudyEnglish.记住，你应该努力学习英语。归纳拓展make＋todosth.(尽一切)努力做某事sparenoeffort不遗余力withouteffort不费力地；容易地能力提升语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)QueenslandRailmakeseveryeffort__toensure__(ensure)trainsrunasscheduled.②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Theenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheefforts__made__(make)bytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.③(江苏高考)Moreefforts，asreported，__willbemade__(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.-16-/16
优选6．upto到……为止；达到；直到；高达(程度)；由……决定；忙于；胜任激活知识观察句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义①(2020·新全国卷Ⅰ)Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners whowilleachreceiveaT－shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight. (__达到__)②Uptonow，hehasfinishedthework.(__到……为止__)③Heisn’tuptotheposition.(__胜任__)④Whathaveyoubeenuptorecently？(__忙于__)⑤It’suptoyoutodecidewherewego.(__由……决定__)归纳拓展It’suptosb.todosth.由某人决定做某事。Itisuptoyou.由你来决定。uptodate最新的；时髦的能力提升完成句子①IbelieveIam__uptotheposition__(胜任这个职位)sinceI’mgoodatEnglishandcomputer.②Godgivesusthegiftoflife；it’s__uptousto__(取决于我们)giveourselvesthegiftoflivingwell.必备句型7．Norwayisatthetopofthelist，whiletheUSisatnumber7.挪威高居榜首，然而美国名列第七。激活知识观察句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义-16-/16
优选①(2020·天津高考)Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary？ (__一会儿__)②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks，thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts. (__尽管__)③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties，IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(__当……时候__)④(2019·北京高考)Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar，whileothershavetosharevehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.(__然而__)导图助记能力提升完成句子①Sheisfat，__whileherhusbandisthin__.她很胖而她的丈夫很瘦。②Hesat__forawhile__，thinkingaboutwhatJanicehadsaidtohim.他坐了一会儿，想着贾妮丝跟他说过的话。8．It’sanagreementbetweentownsorcitiesofsimilarsizeandage...这是规模和历史相似的城市和城镇之间的一份协定……激活知识翻译句子①Thetwochildrenareofthesameage，butareofdifferentheight.-16-/16
优选译：__这两个孩子年龄相同，但身高不同。__完成句子②Thebookhegavemeis__veryvaluable/ofgreatvalue__.他给我的这本书很有价值。归纳拓展1)beof＋抽象名词＝be＋该抽象名词的形容词beofgreat(much)＝bevery2)还有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，只能用“be＋of＋n.”结构。beofthesamesize/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type注意：“be＋of＋n.”结构的否定形式一般为“be＋of＋no＋n.”。能力提升句型转换①Thisquestionisveryimportant.→Thisquestionis__ofgreatimportance__.②ThisdictionaryisnothelpfultoEnglishbeginners.→Thisdictionaryis__ofnohelp__toEnglishbeginners.③Thispairofshoesisnotthesameinsize.→Thispairofshoesisnot__ofthesamesize__.课堂达标·巩固提升KETANGDABIAOGONGGUTISHENGⅠ.单句语法填空1．Insteadofsharinginformationthat’sfartoodifficulttounderstand，hefigures__out__whatyourproblemsareandfindsoutawaytofixthem.2．Parentsshouldpaymoreattentiontothemental__development__(develop)oftheirchildren.-16-/16
优选3．Inmyopinion，thefilmlastnightisnotjustan__entertainment__(entertain)．It’safilmwithamessage.4．Hissuperhybridricehashelpedmanypeoplegetridof__hunger__(hungry)．5．Intheearlymorningallofusstoodat__the__topofthemountaintotheeastofthecity，watchingaburningsunrising.6．Thiscompanyhaslaunchedseveraltypesofcarsthisyear，andone__in__particularappealstotheyoung.7．Thenewsupermarketwasoncecloseto__closing__(close)down.Butsincetheundergroundwasopened，businesshasbeenpickingup.8．Wemustmakeeveryeffort__toturn__(turn)ourdreamsintoreality.9．Whatisknowntoallisthateffective__measures__(measure)shouldbetakentodealwiththeproblemoftheover-exploitationofourresources.10．Thismachineisveryeasy__tooperate__(operate)．Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.Ⅱ.单句改错1．TherearesuchmanychildreninAfricawhodon’thaveenoughtoeat.__such→so__2．Ilikeswimmingwhenmybrotherenjoyscooking.__when→while__3．Readingisagoodhabit.Sticktoitandyou’llmakeagreatprogress.__去掉第二个a__4．We’llmakegreaterefforttocompletetheprojectbeforetheNewYear’scoming.__effort→efforts或greater前面加a__5．Westudyinaclassroom，measured30feetlongand20feetwide.-16-/16
优选__measured→measuring__6．Makesurethatallthechildrenhaveeducationuptheageof11.__up后加to__7．Inrecentyears，hehadbeentotheUKtwice.__had→has__8．AlthoughIbelieveit，butIwillnotactnow.__去掉but__9．Hewasoneoftheleadingfigureofthiscentury.__figure→figures__10．Themeetingheattendedisofgreatimportant.__important→importance__Ⅲ.教材衔接高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。OneofthemostimportantsectionsoftheHumanDevelopmentReportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex.TheIndex__1.measures__(measure)acountry’sachievementsinthreeways：lifeexpectancy，educationandincome.Theindexhassome__2.surprises__(surprise)．Norwayisatthetopofthelist，__3.while__theUSisatnumber7.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries.Chinais__4.in__themiddleofthelist.Itisoneoftheexamplesofsuccessful__5.development__(develop)．Chinaincreasedlifeexpectancy__6.by__13years.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutof__7.poverty__(poor)．However，agreatmanypeopleindevelopingcountriesare__8.hungry__(hunger)．OverhalfoftheseareinSouthAsiaorAfrica.Indevelopingcountriesabout115millionchildrenarenotbeing__9.educated__(educate)，andmorethan1billionpeopledonothavesafewatertodrink，sothereportsuggeststhatweshouldmakegreater__10.efforts__(effort)inthefuture.-16-/16
优选Ⅳ.话题延伸写作写作素材(关于贫困家庭)1．如今，这个城市多达10%的人生活在贫穷中。2．他们强烈渴望过上更好的生活。3．政府正积极采取措施来帮助他们。4．为了确保所有孩子都接受教育，政府需要发展教育。5．随着经济的发展，所有人将过上幸福的生活。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用takemeasurestodo，withthedevelopmentof等结构。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考范文__Nowadays，upto10%ofthepopulationinthiscityliveinpoverty.Theyhaveastronghungerforabetterlife.Thegovernmentisactivelytakingmeasurestohelpthem.Tomakesurethatallthechildrenareeducated，thegovernmentneedtodevelopeducation.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy，allthepeoplewillliveahappylife.__-16-/16
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