专题25书面表达之概要写作序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述答题策略Part2真题感悟品读范文提分词汇亮点句型Part3专题强化真题自测自测模拟Part1题型总览【题型综述】概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要（注意：少于40或多于80词扣两分），而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。【答题策略】1.读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。注意一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。2.去次留精，提炼关键信息·明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。3.归纳要点合理表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。4.句式多样注意过渡在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。Part2真题感悟Passage1
【真题详解】【2019·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.Undoubtedly,students
shouldvisittheirlocalcolleges,whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast,theyshouldvisittheschoolandfigureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,registeringfortheonlinecollegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.【分析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。【详解】1.要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。2.抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply点明了本文主题；Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.在时间上提供了更多选择；iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。【点睛】范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句whichmaybeincludedinapplications.和whoareshortofmoneyandtime.动名词registeringonline作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。【提分词汇】1.undoubtedlyadv.确实地，毋庸置疑地2.applicationsn.申请3.figureout算出【亮点句型】1.It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.
在申请之前亲自参观一下自己心仪的大学是非常值得的。1.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,registeringfortheonlinecollegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.对于那些缺乏资金和时间的学生来说，报名参加网上高校招聘会是一个很好的选择，可以帮助他们更好地了解学校。Passage2【真题详解】【2019·上海卷】Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Wherearethebees?Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepergetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattinyflyinginsect.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknowreason,whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.【分析】本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。【提分词汇】1.provide...with....给...提供…【亮点句型】1.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknownreason,whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.然而，由于未知的原因，它们正在以惊人的速度消失，这对美国和经济将是灾难性的。
1.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.一些人认为是杀虫剂，而另一些人认为是由于运输。Part3专题强化Passage1【真题自测】【2020·上海卷】Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.It'sundeniable:Beingamongthefirsttotryoutanewpieceoftechnologyiscool.There'stheexcitementofdoingwhathasneverbeendonebefore-thefeelingthatyou'relivinginthefuture.Andwhenyou'rethesolememberofyoursocialcirclewiththelatesthotgadget,peoplestareinfascination.Theyaskyouquestions.Theyseeyouastheholderofpowerful,secretknowledge-foralittlewhile,untilthenextbigthingcomesalong.Peopletendtounderestimatethecostsofthistemporarycoolness,whichtheypayinmorewaysthanone.Don'tfallintotheearlyadoptertrap.Don'tjointhefirstwaveofconsumerswhoinvestinthelatestmedia-hypedhardware;instead,waitandsee.Toputitfrankly,earlyadoptionisabadinvestment.First,theearliestversionsofdevicesarenotonlyexpensive,theyarealsothemostexpensivethatthosedeviceswilleverbe.Companiesarepresumablyattemptingtorecoverthecostofproductionasfastastheycan,andtheyknowthatthereareserioustech-loverswhowillpayagreatdealtobefirst.Oncetherevenuesfromearlyadopters'purchasesaresafelyintheirhands,theycancutthepriceandshifttothenextmarketingphase:sellingtheproducttoeveryoneelse.ThisiswhythecostoftheoriginaliPhonedroppedaboutU.S.$200onlyeightmonthsafteritsrelease.Plus,electronicshardlyeverbecomemoreexpensivebecauseintensecompetitionintheindustryputsdownwardpressureonpricesovertime.Pricesofgadgetswillfallshortlyafterrelease,andtheywilllikelykeepfalling.ManynewTVmodelsdropsignificantlyinpriceaslittleastendaysafterhittingthemarket.Further,electronicsrapidlydepreciatebecausetheybecomeobsolete(废弃的)soquickly.Thismeansthatearlyadopterspaythemaximumpriceforanitemthatdoesnotholdontoitsvalue.Theresalepriceofacellphoneorlaptopcandropbyfiftypercentwithinjustafewmonths.Speakingofbecomingobsolete,thosewhoarefirsttoleapintoanewtechnologyrisk(三野志)wastingmoneyandtimeonsomethingthatwillnevercatchon.Anothergoodreasontoresisttheearly-adoption
temptationisthatthefirstversionofaproducttypicallyhasdefectsthatcostalotintimeandfrustration.Suchproblemsaresocommonwithnewtechnologythatearlyadoptersarebasicallyunpaidbetatestersandtroubleshooters.Unlessthissoundstoyoulikeafunwaytospendyourtime,don'tbeamongthefirstusers.Ifyouwaittolearnwhattheproblemsarewithanewelectronicgadget,youcanlookforwardtoasmootherexperience—orchoosealesstroublesomeproduct.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Don'tbethefirstusersofthelatestelectronicequipment.Firstly,theearliestversionsofdevicesarethemostexpensive.Secondly,theelectronicswillbeoutofdaterapidly.Thirdly,thefirstversionsofaproductarewithsomedefectsgenerally.Therefore,don'tbethefirsttotryoutthelatestelectronicproducts.【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了虽然成为购买最新的电子产品的第一批人是很酷的，但是考虑到价格昂贵、产品易过时且新品通常有缺陷等因素，购买最新的电子产品是一项糟糕的投资。【详解】1.要点摘录①Don'tjointhefirstwaveofconsumerswhoinvestinthelatestmedia-hypedhardware;instead,waitandsee.②First,theearliestversionsofdevicesarenotonlyexpensive,theyarealsothemostexpensivethatthosedeviceswilleverbe.③Speakingofbecomingobsolete,thosewhoarefirsttoleapintoanewtechnologyriskwastingmoneyandtimeonsomethingthatwillnevercatchon.④Anothergoodreasontoresisttheearly-adoptiontemptationisthatthefirstversionofaproducttypicallyhasdefectsthatcostalotintimeandfrustration.⑤Unlessthissoundstoyoulikeafunwaytospendyourtime,don'tbeamongthefirstusers.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Don'tbethefirstusersofthenewelectronicequipment．Thereasonsareasfollowing:Firstly,theearliestversionsofdevicesarenotonlyexpensive,butalsothemost
expensivethatthosedeviceswilleverbe.Secondly,electronicswillbeoutofdaterapidly.Thirdly,thefirstversionsofaproductarewithsomedefectsgenerally.Therefore,don'tbethefirsttotryoutthenewproducts.【点睛】[高分句型1]Secondly，electronicswillbeoutofdaterapidly．句子里，固定短语outofdate表示“过时”，表达比较高级。[高分句型2]Therefore,don'tbethefirsttotryoutthelatestelectronicproducts.运用了不定式作后置定语。Passage2【真题自测】【2019·浙江】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,
orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Parentstendtogotoextremeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.(要点一)Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbeequallydamaging.(要点二)Whengivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandconcentrateontheprocessinsteadoftheresult.(要点三)Similarly,theyoughttogivepraiseforhowmuchefforttheirkidshaveinvestedintheworkthey’reinvolvedin.(要点四)【分析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1.读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。2.组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。3.通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。Passage3【模拟自测】（2021·上海静安区·高三一模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SurveysindicatethatathirdofBritonsregularlyeatontheirown.OpenTable,anonlinerestaurantbookingapp,foundthatsolodininginNewYorkincreasedby80%duringthepast5years.AndinJapan,theworldcapitalofsolodining,atrendfor"lowinteractiondining11hastakenoff.Restaurantsareopening
whichfacilitatetheultimatesolodiningexperience:passingbowlsofnoodlesthroughblackcurtainsintoindividualbooths.Isthisaworryingtrend?Wethinkso.Researchisrevealingthenegativeimpactsofeatingalone,whichhasbeenfoundtobelinkedtoavarietyofmentalandphysicalhealthconditions,fromdepressionanddiabetestohighbloodpressure.Soit'scheeringthathundredsoffoodsharinginitiativeshavesprunguparoundtheworld.There'sLondon'sCasseroleClub,forexample,whosevolunteersshareportionsofhome-cookedfoodwithpeopleintheirareawhoaren'talwaysabletocookforthemselves,inwhichcasetheyputanendtofoodwaste.OrthereisSouthAfrica'sFoodJams,socialgatheringsinwhichparticipantsarepairedup,preferablywithstrangers,andgivenaportionofthemealtoprepare.Manyparticipantsinterviewedmentionedthattheirlonelinesswasgreatlyrelieved.Suchinitiativesofferlessonsofallkindstothosethinkingabouthowourfoodsystemsneedtochange.Theyalsosomewhatcompensatefortheundesirableoutcomessoleeatingbrings.Sowhydopeoplestopeatingtogether?Thereareavarietyofreasons.AuthorssuchasMichaelPollanarguethatitisduetothefactthatpeopleattachlessvaluetohome-basedlabor,includingcooking.Thewideningoftheworkforce,whichbroughtmanywomenoutofthekitchenandintotheworkplaceduringthe20thcentury,alsocontributed.Meanwhile,thegrowthininsecureandinconsistentworkingpatternsamongagrowingproportionofthepopulationalsodiscouragesmealseatencommunally.【答案】Thetrendofsolediningiscatchingoninmajorcountries.However,itdoesharmphysicallyandmentally.Fortunatelyfood-sharingprogramsmakeupforitsbadeffectsbyavoidingfoodwasteandcombatingloneliness.Eatingtogetherhasdeclinedbecauseofpeople’sundervaluingofcookingathome,morewomen’sentryintotheworkforceandweakeningworkrelationships.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。单人用餐的趋势正在主要国家流行起来。然而，它确实会伤害身体和精神。幸运的是，食物共享计划通过避免食物浪费和对抗孤独来弥补它的不良影响。由于人们低估了在家做饭的价值，更多的女性进入职场，以及工作关系的弱化，在一起吃饭的人数有所下降。【详解】1要点摘录①.SurveysindicatethatathirdofBritonsregularlyeatontheirown.OpenTable,anonlinerestaurantbookingapp,foundthatsolodininginNewYorkincreasedby80%duringthepast5years.②.Researchisrevealingthenegativeimpactsofeatingalone,whichhasbeenfoundtobelinkedtoavarietyof
mentalandphysicalhealthconditions,fromdepressionanddiabetestohighbloodpressure.③.There'sLondon'sCasseroleClub,forexample,whosevolunteersshareportionsofhome-cookedfoodwithpeopleintheirareawhoaren'talwaysabletocookforthemselves,inwhichcasetheyputanendtofoodwaste.④.Thewideningoftheworkforce,whichbroughtmanywomenoutofthekitchenandintotheworkplaceduringthe20thcentury,alsocontributed.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Thetrendofsolediningiscatchingoninmajorcountries.However,itdoesharmphysicallyandmentally.Fortunatelyfood-sharingprogramsmakeupforitsbadeffectsbyavoidingfoodwasteandcombatingloneliness.Becauseofpeople’sundervaluingofcookingathome,morewomen’sentryintotheworkforceandweakeningworkrelationships,theyoftenchoosetoeatalone.【点睛】[高分句型1]However,itdoesharmphysicallyandmentally.(使用however对前文内容表达转折，physically和mentally副词作状语修饰动作doesharm。)[高分句型2]Fortunatelyfood-sharingprogramsmakeupforitsbadeffectsbyavoidingfoodwasteandcombatingloneliness.(运用介词by+doing作方式状语，表达比较高级。)[高分句型3]Eatingtogetherhasdeclinedbecauseofpeople’sundervaluingofcookingathome,morewomen’sentryintotheworkforceandweakeningworkrelationships.(使用动名词eating作主语，becauseof后接名词短语和动名词作并列宾语，充分使用了非谓语动词里的高级表达。)Passage4【模拟自测】（2020·浙江宁波市·高三月考）概要写作Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings,suchasdust，plants,animalsorcertainfoods.Symptomsvarydependingontheallergy.Commoncoldsymptomssuchaslowfever,sneezing,andasorethroatmayallindicateallergies.Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.Typesofallergieshavegreatlyincreasesincethemid-20thcentury，leadingsomeexpertstosuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.Often，anallergicreactionwilldevelopinchildhoodsbutsincemanyreactionsarelikelytoworsenwithrepeatedexposure,symptomscanstarttoappearatanyage.However，somepeoplemayovercomechildhoodallergieswithagegrowing.
Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess，particularlyifanallergicreactioncouldthreatenthevictim'slife.Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Inskintesting,atinyamountofanallergen(过敏原)isshotintoamarkedplaceofskintoseeiftheskinreactsnegatively.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest，althoughthistakesmoretimeandmaybelessaccuratethanskintesting.Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.Insomemildcases，suchassneezingcausedbyanimalexposure，patientsaretoldtoavoidexposurewhenpossible.Avoidingthefoodisalsokeywithmanyfoodallergies,particularlythosethatcancausesevereresponses.Whenavoidingisimpossible,somedoctorsmayrecommendshots.Thisintendstobuilduptoleranceintheimmunesystembyexposingthepatienttoincreasingsmallamountsoftheallergenovertime.【答案】Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Besides，mostallergieswilldevelopwithrepeatedexposure,butsomemaybeovercome.Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Moreover，incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportant,differenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍过敏。过敏可能表现出各种症状。过敏的测试过程是很困难的，只有避免接触过敏原才能避免过敏。【详解】1要点摘录①Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings.②Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.③Someexpertssuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.④Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.⑤Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess.⑥Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest.⑦Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.
2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行简写；第2、3、4三个要点进行重组；将第5、6两个要点进行整合；将第7个要点进行重写。3.遣词造句Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportantdifferenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【点睛】[高分句型1]Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句，把要点3、4进行了重组，while表示对比，对第二个要点进行了阐述。[高分句型2]Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.运用了不定式做目的状语，引出第5个要点，同时其后使用了and的并列句，对第6个要点进行了压缩。
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