重难点077选5【命题趋势】阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。【满分技巧】【解题步骤1】在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。【巧学妙记】（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。答题技巧细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)1.词汇的衔接包括：
（1)词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。（2)同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。(3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these或those指代前句的复数名词。2.逻辑关系的衔接过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A,并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),...；First,then/next,...；Inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranotherthing,...；then/next,finally/last等。B,递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。C,解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等D,因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果）,asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等E,转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等F,概况归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。3.篇章结构类题解题技巧根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略{1)如果问题在段首通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则
，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。（2)如果问题在段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。备考策略：•注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。•注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。•注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。•将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。【解题步骤2】（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。【总结】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的，看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们学会了吗?最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩!【热点话题】七选五热衷的话题有：学生生活，运动健康，社会现象【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2020年高三综合能力测试）话题：自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情难度：★★建议用时：6分七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewell-knownsaying,talkingtoyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness,___16___Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isavaluabletoolforthought.Farfrombeingmentallyill,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivities,regulateouremotionsandevencreateadescriptionofourexperience.___17___Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtoregulateouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.___18___Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthattheprivatespeechcanimproveourperformanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesintocategories.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesinthesecondperson,as“you”ratherthan“I”.___19___Ifyouwantproof,turnonthesportschannel.You’recertaintoseeanathleteortwocheeringthemselvesupwithabitterphraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.
Conductadialoguewithourselves.___20___Theprivatespeechseemstobeaparticularlygoodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Theto-and-frobetweendifferentpointsofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupinexpectedplacesjustlikearegulardialoguecan,andmightturnouttobeoneofthekeyslohumancreativity.A.Whatisprivatespeech?B.Butthereisnoneedforembarrassment.C.Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeech.D.Askquestionsoftheselfandprovideanswers.E.Wedoalotofprivatespeechwhenweareyoung.F.Aswegrowolder,wemaketheprivatespeechbecomethewayofblinking,G.Althoughtheprivatespeechiseffective,weneverentirelyputawaytheout-loudspeech.B（2020高三质量检测）话题：主要介绍了四种控制愤怒的建议难度：★★建议用时：6分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyouanangrybird?Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.____16____Herearesomeothersimpletrickstochillandthinkbeforeyouact.UnderstandyourangerThinklikeadetectiveandtrackdowncluesaboutthekindsofsituations,people,andeventsthatsetoffyouranger.____17____Evenifyoucan’tgetawayfromthem,atleastyou’llhavemoretimetoprepareforthemsotheydon’taffectyousonegatively.Youcanalsothinkofthesituationasanopportunitytopracticenotgettingmad.GoforawalkWhenyougetreallyangry,walkawayfromthesource.A5-minutewalkoutsideoranothercalmingactivitylikeyogaarebothgreatstrategiesfordealingwithanger.Ifyourangerarisesfromthetrafficjamyou’restuckin,turnuptheradioandsingatthetopofyourlungs.____18____Writeletters____19____Soifyou’retryingtocalmdownfast,grabyourjournalandwriteitallout.Youcansimplywriteyourownfeelingsortrywritingalettertothepersonwhoupsetsyou.Youneverhavetosenditandjustwritingitwillhelpyoufeelbetter.Talkaboutyouranger
It’snotjustwritingthathelpsrelieveanger.____20____Thetrickisnottounloadyourangeronthepersonmakingyouupsetbuttoreleaseyourpressurebytalkingwithaneutral(中立的)friend,familymember,orspecialist.Aneutralobservercanbringreasonablejudgmenttothesituation.Youcaneventrytalkingoutloudtoyourselfaboutit.Nowthatyou’velearnedhowtokeepyourangerincheck,trysomeoftheselittlechangesthatwillmakeyouahappierperson.A.Expressingitorallycanalsobeincrediblycalming.B.Onceyou’reawareofthem,trytoavoidthemifpossible.C.Writingoutyourfeelingsreallydoeshelpyoufeelbetter.D.Theideaistocreateamentalorphysicalescapefromthesituation.E.Losingyourtempermakesyoulooklikethebadguytoeveryoneelse.F.Deepbreathingisjustoneofthewaysyoucaninstantlyturnabadmoodaround.G.Exercisecanhelppeoplelowertheirlevelsofangerandothernegativeemotions.C（2020高三期末英语冲刺仿真模拟训练）话题：如何停止消极的自我对话难度：★★建议用时：6分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverhadtimesquestioningyourselfandfeelingdiscouraged?Ifyouansweryes,whatyou’veexperiencedisnegativeselftalk.___16___.Yousaytoyourselfuntruethingslike,“I’mnotgoodenough.I’madisappointment.”Thesefalsebeliefsstopusinourtracks.So,howdoyoustopthenegativeselftalk?•___17___Knowyou’respecial.Youare“OneofaKind”！Thereisnootherpersonthatthinksexactlylikeyou.Whenyoubegintosincerelybelievehowspecialyouare,it’seasiertofightthenegativeselftalk.•ChangeyourassociationsYournegativeselftalkcomesfromyourenvironment.Youdidn’tjustaccidentallywakeuponedaythinkingofbadthingsaboutyourself.Itmaybebecausesomeone,somewhereinyourlifehastoldyounegativethingsaboutyouandwhetheryouacceptitornot,youbelievethem.However,ifyousurroundyourselfwiththerightpeople,theywillbuildyouup,inspireyouandmakeyoufeelbetter.___18___.•ChangeyourdialogueReadandsayallthewonderfulthingsaboutyourselfatleast5timesperday.Lookatyourselfinthemirrorand
say,“Iamamazing！”___19___，andyou’llbelieveyouareawesomeprettysoon.Ofcourse,thereareotherthingstostopnegativeselftalk.___20___，butifyouaredeterminedtothinkpositivelyineverysituation,thatwillbringapositivechangeinyourlife.A.ThinkthesamewayB.ChangeisnoteasyC.ChangeyourpositionD.ItbeginsinyourbrainE.ChangeyourstateofmindF.You’llseekouttherightpeopletohelpchangeyourthoughtsG.You’llstarttobelievethegreatthingstheytellyoulittlebylittleD（2020届高三模拟测试）话题：介绍了一些可以克服同伴压力的方法难度：★★建议用时：6分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peoplewhoareatyourage,likeyourclassmates,arecalledpeers(同龄人).Whentheytrytoinfluencehowyouactortogetyoutodosomething,it'scalledpeerpressure.___16___Somekidsgiveintopeerpressurebecausetheywanttobeliked,tofitinorbecausetheyworrythatotherkidsmightmakefunofthemiftheydon'tgoalongwiththegroup.___17___Theideathateveryone'sdoingitcaninfluencesomekidstoleavetheirbetterjudgmentortheircommonsensebehind.___18___Butyoucandoit.Payingattentiontoyourownfeelingsandbeliefsaboutwhatisrightandwrongcanhelpyouknowtherightthingtodo.Itcanreallyhelptohaveatleastoneotherpeerorfriendwhoiswillingtosay''no''too.___19___It'sgreattohavefriendswithvaluessimilartoyours.Ifyouchoosefriendswhodon'tusedrugs,smokecigarettesorlietotheirparents,thenyouprobablywon'tdothesethingseither,evenifotherkidsdo.Evenifyou'refacedwithpeerpressurewhileyou'realone,therearestillthingsyoucando.Youcansimplystayawayfrompeerswhopressureyoutodothingsyouknowiswrong.___20___Betteryet,findotherfriendsandclassmates.A.Justbelieveinyourself.B.Youcantellthem''no''andwalkaway.C.Peerpressureisnotalwaysabadthing.
D.Thismakesitmucheasiertoovercomepeerpressure.E.It'ssomethingeveryonehastodealwith-evenadults.F.Itishardtobetheonlyonewhosays''no''topeerpressure.G.Othersgoalongbecausetheyarecurioustotrysomethingnew.E（南阳市一中2020春期高三第十二次考试英语试题）话题：警示人们要按照年龄和体质不同而适量服用维生素D难度：★★建议用时：6分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。VitaminDisnecessaryforbone-building,immunefunction,bloodsugarcontrol,positivemoodandmore.___16___TheloweryourvitaminDlevelis,thehigheryourriskofdeathfromallycausewillbe.However,it’snotagreatideatojusttakeasupplement(补品)offthedrugstoreshelfandstarttakingit.SincemanyofushaveaninadequateamountvitaminD,alsoknownasthe“sunshinevitamin”,doctorswilloftengiveushighlevelsofDsupplements,withdosesrangingfrom2,000to10,000IU(InternationalUnits)perday,upto50,000IUperweekandsometimesevenmore.___17___Verybigdoses(剂量)ofvitaminDcancauseabuild-upofcalcium(钙)intheblood,whichleadstopoorappetite,weakness,weightlossorotherdiseases.Here’sthebiggerissue:___18___Abuild-upofstoredvitaminDcartcauseavoidableproblems,leadingtoproblemssuchaskidneystones.___19___TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRecommendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.BecausethefatcellstakevitaminDup,makingitlessavailableforusebytilebody,___20___Thoughyou’llgetabitofvitaminDfromfoods—includingfattyfish,beefliver,cheese,milkandsoon—theamountsaresosmallthatthere’slittleneedtoworrythatthey’llputyouoverthedailydose.A.Itcanhelppreventmanydiseases.B.Wecanactuallyreducetheriskofdeath.C.peoplewhoarefatmayalsoneedmorevitaminD.anyextraintakeofvitaminDcangetstoredinthebody.E.Butlikeallgoodthings,it’spossibletogettoomuchofit.F.Theaveragedailyrecommendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.G.VitaminDshouldbesupplementedcarefullydespiteitsimportance.
G（2020高三二测模拟考试）话题：介绍正确养育子女的方法难度：★★建议用时：6分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Helicopterparentingreferstoastyleofparentswhoareoverfocusedontheirchildren.___16___Forexample,itcanincreasefeelingsofloveandacceptance.However,helicopterparentingmaybeharmfultochildren’sdevelopmentinthefollowingways.Decreasedconfidenceandselfesteem(自尊)．Themessagetheparents’overinvolvementsendstokidsis“myparentsdon’ttrustmetodothisonmyown”．___17___Increasedanxiety.AstudyfromtheUniversityofMaryWashingtonhasshownthatoverparentingisassociatedwithhigherlevelsofchildanxietyanddepression.Undevelopedproblemsolvingskills.Ifparentsarealwaystheretocleanupachild’smessorpreventtheprobleminthefirstplace,howdoesthechildeverlearntodealwithloss,disappointment,orfailure？___18___Strengthenedsenseofentitlement(权利)．Childrenwhohavealwayshadtheirsocial,academic,andathleticlivesadjustedbytheirparentstobestfittheirneedscanbecomeaccustomedtoalwayshavingtheirwayandthustheydevelopasenseofentitlement.___19___Parentswhoalwaystieshoes,clearplates,andpacklunches,evenafterchildrenareabletodothetasks,preventtheirchildrenfrommasteringtheselifeskillsthemselves.So,parentsshouldletchildrenstruggle,allowthemtobedisappointed,andwhenfailureoccurs,helpthemtoworkthroughit.___20___Remember:takingonestepbackfromsolvingchildren’sproblemswillhelpbuildtheindependent,andselfconfidentkids.A.Weakenedlifeskills.B.Damagedlifeexperiences.C.Andthisdistrustleadstoalackofconfidence.D.Helicopterparentinghasmanybenefitsforchildren.E.Parentsshouldalsoletchildrendotaskstheyarephysicallyandmentallyabletodo.F.Makingyour3yearold’sbedsoundsreasonable,whilemakingyour13yearold’sbeddoesn’t.G.Studiesfoundhelicopterparentingcanmakechildrenfeellessableindealingwiththestressesoflifeontheirown.
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