体裁：说明文题材：团队合作词数：362难度：难建议用时：10分钟Passage19（2019•北京）Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams．Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals．（1） Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople．Istheirmoneywellspent？（2） Theyfocusedonfootball，basketballandbaseball．Theresultsaremixed．Forfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel，theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline．Interestingly，thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball，whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance．Toexplaintinsphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions．（3） Inbaseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates．Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower．Ifabasketballstaris，forexample，tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal，hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate，affectingtheteam'sperformance．Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold，"ThereisnoIinTEAM．"（4） Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort．Justasinagameoftug﹣of﹣war（拔河比赛），wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce．（5） AnA﹣teammayrequireabalance﹣notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell．A．It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent．B．Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent．C．Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention．D．Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship．E．Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld．F．Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansmiplyhiringthebesttalent．
G．Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball．体裁：说明文题材：乐队文化词数：231难度：中建议用时：7分钟Passage20（2019•浙江）Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles．Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups，theymakeverydifferentmusic．（1） AtthattimetheBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusicfromLiverpool．AftertheyweregivenaninvitationtoappearliveonBBC，theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritainwithnationwidetours．Bymid﹣1963，theBeatleshadbeenextremelypopularinEngland．（2） Theyheldlargeconcertsandperformedatclubs．TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland．Theybeganasamodestlysuccessfulmusiciangroupandendedtheyearasshowbusinesslegends（传说）．JohnLennonandPaulMcCartneywerenamedcomposersoftheyear．（3） TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic．BeatlemaniahitNewYorkonFebruary7，1964．Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem．（4） Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudienceinthehistoryoftelevisionuptothattime．TheBeatlesweredescribedasaBritishinvasion（入侵）bylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime．TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll．ThankstotheBeatles，alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket．（5） A．TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964．B．Eventheirhairstylesbecamemajortrendsatthattime．C．Rockmusicdevelopedinthe1950sandtheearly1960s．D．However，theirsongschangedthelivesofgenerationstocome．E．ManyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstepsoftheBeatles．F．TheyappearedinthefilmsAHardDay'sNight（1964）andHelp！（1965）．G．TheyperformedtheirfirstconcertinAmericaatCBStelevision's53rdstreetstudio．体裁：说明文题材：社交礼仪词数：320难度：中建议用时：8分钟Passage21（2018•浙江）Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience．Ofcourse，youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood．
Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould．（1） Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty（房产）neat，clean，andingoodrepair．（2） Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape，youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea．Second，taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously．Whengoingforawalk，takealongasmallgarbagebag．（3） Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea．（4） Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown，offertocollectmailandnewspapers．Ifaneighborsuffersanillness，offertodothegroceryshopping．Letthemknowthatyouaretheretohelpinanywaythatisacceptable，whilestillrespectingtheprivaryofyourneighbor．（5） Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers，takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou，andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral，youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates．A．Ingeneral，keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone．B．Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways．C．Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior．D．Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping．E．Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar，pickitup．F．Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting．G．Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly．体裁：说明文题材：生气的原因词数：251难度：中建议用时：9分钟Passage22（2018•北京）WhyDoWeGetAngry？Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit，butthecausesofangerarevarious．Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior，andcorrectbadhabits．Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events，personalitytraits（特征），andourassessmentofsituations．（1） Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages．However，herearesomeexamples：beingcutoffintraffic，adeadline
approaching，experiencingphysicalpain，andmuchmore．（2） Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits．Eachperson，nomatterwhotheyare，haspsychologicalimbalances．Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry．（3） Also，sometimespre﹣angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition，butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred．（4） Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre﹣anger，orangeritself．Sometimesignoranceandnegative（消极的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger．（5） However，angercaneasilyturnviolent，anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence．Withthesemainreasonsinmind，wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings．A．Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell．B．Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger．C．Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait，andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit．D．Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry．E．Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre﹣angerstate，whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind．F．Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye．G．Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents，andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother．体裁：说明文题材：高效阅读词数：268难度：中建议用时：9分钟Passage23（2017•浙江）HowtoDoMan﹣on﹣the﹣StreetInterviewsTheman﹣on﹣the﹣streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthesport．（1） Butwiththesetips，yourfirst
man﹣on﹣the﹣streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy．●Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman﹣on﹣the﹣streetinterviewsforastory，thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit．Forexample，ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica，youmightask，"WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica？"（2） ●Hitthestreetswithconfidence．（3） Say，"Excuseme，IworkforXYZNews，andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic．"Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou．●Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera．Don'tgetdiscouraged．●（4） Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes．Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed，moveontothenextperson．Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview，youaregettingavarietyofanswers．Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer，youwon'tbeabletouseit．Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten．（5） ●Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair，don'tleaveworkwithoutthem．A．Limityourtime．B．Asyouapproachpeople，bepolite．C．Ifyoudon'townacamera，youcanbuyone．D．Fornewreporters，thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask．E．Togetgoodandusefulresults，askthemthesamequestion．F．Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed．G．Withaquestionlikethis，youwillgetmorethana"Yes"or"No"reply．体裁：说明文题材：技能培养词数：307难度：中建议用时：7分钟Passage24（2014•新课标I）Thejobsofthefuturehavenotbeeninvented, （1） Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds. 1.Curiosity Yourchildrenneedtobedeeply curious. （2） Askkids,“Whatingredients (配料) canweaddto
makethesepancakesevenbetternexttime”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime? 2.Creativity Truecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit. （3） Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.ExperimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheirCreativity. 3.InterpersonalSkills Understandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhatisgoing on inside our ownhead,butwhataboutothers?Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions. （4） “Whydoyouthinksheiscrying?”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface?”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?”4.Self-Expression （5） Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas ¡ª music,acting,drawing,building,photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother. A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou. B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation. C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways. D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist? E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill. F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories. G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill. 体裁：说明文题材：烹饪技巧词数：316难度：中建议用时：7分钟Passage25（2014•新课标Ⅱ）TipsforCookingonaTightScheduleFrommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime（1）.MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspentinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:1.Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?（2）.2.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?（3）.Ittakesaround
thesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforfuturemeal.1.（4）Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.__（5）_____Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.体裁：说明文题材：公众演说训练词数：273难度：中建议用时：7分钟Passage26（2013•新课标Ⅱ）PublicSpeakingTraining·Getacoach（1），sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthat'srightforyou.·FocusonpositivesAnytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeingtoldthatyouaren'tdoingwell.（2）,sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldn'tdo.·（3）Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit'sgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon'ts,walkaway!Yourbrainissofullofwhatyou'regoingtobetalkingabout.（4）.Asfaraswe'reconcerned,therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends.
·YouareaspecialpersonnotacloneMostimportantly,goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits.（5）.Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonality,nottrytoturnyouintosomeoneyou'renot.A.Youaren'tlikeanybodyelseB.YoualreadydolotsofthingswellC.TurnyourbackontoomanyrulesD.Checktherulesaboutdosanddon'tsE.Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistoughF.Theonethingyoudon'twantisforthemtofallasleepG.Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse
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