动词时态1．英汉思维的对比差异1、他每天早晨学习英语。2、他目前正在学习英语。3、他学习英语已经三年了。4、他已经连续学习英语三个小时了，但是还没有结束.2.时态的定义3.时态的分类时态一般(含bedoing)进行(含havedone)完成(含havebeendoing)完成进行现在主动do/doesam/is/aream/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing被动am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehave/hasbeenbeingdone过去主动did/was/werewas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing“过去的过去”被动was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonehadbeenbeingdone将来主动willdowillbedoingwillhavedonewillhavebeendoing被动willbedonewillbebeingdonewillhavebeendonewillhavebeenbeingdone过去将来主动woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedonewouldhavebeendoing被动wouldbedonewouldbebeingdonewouldhavebeendonewouldhavebeenbeingdone
4.谓语动词和非谓语动词一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,应使用非谓语动词。He（call）Tombyhisfriends.Heismyfriend(call)Tom.Therewasagirl(sit)there.（hear）thenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.When I (get) home, I found mother cooking for me. When (get) home, I found mother cooking for me. Wang Mei puts her hand into her pocket, (take) out her red cell phone and pressesthe talk key.非谓语动词的基本形式：todo(表目的和将来)单个doing（主动进行）区别：bedoing单个done（被动完成）区别：bedone和havedone5.时态分类讲解5.1一般现在时【定义】经常发生的动作或状态【形式】主动:被动:【本质】现在；常规；不变。【用法】1)表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制）或名人名言；俗语。Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。2)表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek等表示频率的时间状语连用Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.3)表示主语的特征、性格、能力等MrSmithhatesfishandnevereatsany.
MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.4)一般现在时表示将来：表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态（列车时刻表；课时安排；生日；日历等）。常见瞬时动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,returnTheplanetakesoffat10:00a.m.Thepostofficeclosesat6pm.Thefilmstartsatseveno’clockthisevening.5)一般现在时表示将来：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句用。三个规则：主将从现；主情从现；主祈从现。Wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeetingifitrainstomorrow.Ican’tleaveunlessmybossagrees.WhenBillcomes,askhimtowaitforme.If you finish your homework, you can go home now.注意：if条件状语从句中可用shall或will表示意愿，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.[基础练习]1.--whatisPaullike?--He_____akind-heartedandwarm-heartedperson.A.wasB.hasalwaysbeenC.willalwaysD.is2.Lightmorequicklythansound.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.willtravel3.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight-4026offat7:00.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken.4.--Whenwillyoucometoseeme，Dad? --Iwillgotoseeyonwhenyouthetrainingcourse．A.willhavefinished B．willfinishC．arefinishing D．finish5.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers,______theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad6.--DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?--Terry?Never!Shetentsandfreshair.A.hashatedB.hatedC.willlateD.hates
7.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the"r"soundsattheendofthewords.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped8.I_______allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.A.willdoB.doC.amdoingD.haddone9.Honesty___________animportantroleinachild’sabilitytosucceedinschoolandlaterlife.A.playedB.playsC.hadplayedD.hasplayed5.2一般过去时【定义】表示过去发生的事【形式】主动:被动:【本质】表示的是过去短暂性，持续性，经常性动作。【用法】1)表示在过去某时间发生的动作或状态,常用yesterday，lastyear，in1995，theotherday，ago,inthepast,theotherday(=severaldaysago),justnow(刚才)等作时间状语。Itwasaterriblepieceofworkyouturnedinyesterday.Hecametoworkheretwoweeksago.2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。（强调持续性，经常性）WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know,think,expect，wish,wonder,hope等，表示＂本来认为＂。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我原以为你会有一些的。Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.我没想到会在这儿遇到你。Ithoughthehadheardthenews.我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。Sorry,Ididn’tseethesignoverthere.对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。[基础练习]1.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI_________thereseveralyearsago.A.aregoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen2．I______inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A．livedB．waslivingC．havelivedD．hadlived3.He_______footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.
A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed4.TJudyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe________inRomelastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet5.Theplayhadalreadybeenonforquitesometimewhenwe_________attheNewTheatre.A.havearrivedB.arrivedC.hadarrivedD.arrive6.—Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.—Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking7.—BobhasgonetoCalifornia.—Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldleave8.Ifyoudon'tlikethedrinkyou______justleaveitandtryadifferentone.A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered9.Excuseme.IIwasblockingyourway.A.didn’trealizeB.don’trealizeC.haven’trealizedD.wasn’trealizing10.Thiscoastalarea___________anationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names11.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitonthemarketin1973.A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes5.3一般将来时【定义】一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。【形式】主动:被动:【时间标志词】tomorrow,soon，nextyear/week/month,inafewdays,inthefuture，someday(未来某天)【用法】1)shall/will+动词原形。①计划性：强调一次性临时决定②预测性：将来某个时刻的状态以及趋向性，表示将来的状态Iwillsendheraglasshand-madecraftasherbirthdaygift.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.——Maryhasbeenillforaweek.——Oh，Ididn'tknow.Iwillgoandseeher.2)begoingto+动词原形。①计划性：表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，强调事先计划。②预测性：
有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。Wearegoingtohaveameetingtodiscussthematterthisevening.今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Lookattheblackcloudsoverthere.Ithinkitisgoingtorainsoon.ThereisgoingtobeanEnglisheveningthisweek.本周要举行一个英语晚会。3)beto+动词原形。①计划性：强调安排好要发生的动作②上级对下级的规定义务：该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should,must,oughtto,haveto)，表示一种命令、规劝性语气。ThePremieristovisitAmericanextweek.Youaretofollowtherulesofschool.4)beaboutto+动词原形。表示“即将、正要”时，可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事。Don’tleave.LiLeiisabouttocome.不要走了，李蕾就要来了。Bequiet.Theconcertisabouttostart.安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。5)be+现在分词doing。表示按照计划和打算要发生的事。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等。Goahead,andI’mcoming.走前面一点吧，我就来。Thedogisdying.那条狗要死了。Hurryup.Theshopisclosing.快点，商店就要关门了。6) 一般现在时表示将来。可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。Thenexttrainleavesat3o'clockthisafternoon.Thebusgoesbackatfourthirty.[基础练习]1.--Annisinhospital.--Oh,really?I______know.I___goandvisither.(2009年江苏卷)A.didn’t;amgoingtoB.don’t;wouldC.don’t;willD.didn't;will2.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane________.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff3.—Areyoustillbusy?—Yes,I_________mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish4.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty________,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.
A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld5.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_______.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade5.4现在进行时【定义】现在正在进行的动作。【形式】主动:被动:【用法】1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，通常和时间状语now,atthemoment,atpresent,rightnow(现在，此刻)或者和look,listen，hurryup正在发生的事连用。Ourfriendsarewaitingforusoutsidenow.Look!Heisplayingbasketball.Thekidsareplayinginthegardenrightnow.2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。（动作在说话时不一定正在进行）通常和时间状语thesedays,thisweek,thismonth,thisterm,lately,recently注：也常与现在完成时连用。Wearelookingforahousethesedays.——WhyareyousobusyMike?——Iamwritinganovelthesedays.3)某些短暂性动词，如come,go,start,open,close,arrive,return,begin,leave,stay,leave,fly,drive等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.HeisleavingforBeijingnextweek.4)表示重复的动作有着极大的感情色彩，表示不满或者满意。：与频度副词（always,continually,constantly,forever,allthetime）连用。Heisalwayscomplainingaboutthehouse.他总是抱怨这间房子。Sheiscontinuallyfindingfaultwithme.她总是对我吹毛求疵。5)同yearbyyear连用，表示随着时间逐渐变化，表达越来越的含义。Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodanditisgettingevenbetter.注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：
①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。②表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belongto等。③表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。④表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。[基础练习]1.Thechurchtowerwhich____willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored2．Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_________atthegarage.A．willberepairedB．isrepairedC．isbeingrepairedD．hasbeenrepaired3.—What’sthatnoise?——Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested4.——Haveyougotanyjoboffers?——No.I_____A.waitedB.hadbeenwaitingC.havewaitedD.amwaiting5.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday.A.rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining6.——Ihearyou____inapub.what’sitlike?——Well,it’sveryhardworkandI’malwaystired,butIdon’tmind.A.areworkingB.willworkC.wereworkingD.willbeworking7.I'llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI.A.wasdoingB.amdoingC.havedoneD.hadbeendoing8.----Joan,what______inyourhand?-----Look!It’sabirthdaygiftformygrandma.A.hadyouheldB.areyouholdingC.doyouholdD.willyouhold9.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt10.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting____atthecultureshowofthe2018ShanghaiWorldExpo.A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited11.IntheHimalayas,largetrackshavebeendiscovered,which___________theWildManA.belongingtoB.belongtoC.arebelongingtoD.tobelongto
5.5过去进行时【定义】过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。【形式】主动:被动:【用法】1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用atabouttenlastnight,justnow等另外then,atthattime不表示具体时间，需要根据语境是将来还是过去。Iwashavingabathwhenthephonerang.Shewaswritingletters.Ididn’twanttodisturbher.2)表示过去一段时间内一直在做的事，即过去的时间段。yesterdayafternoon,alldayyesterday,lastyear.可以与一般过去时连用。但是表达过去一段时间一直在做的事情就与过去进行时连用。Johnwasworkingalldayyesterday.3)过去进行时经常和always，constantly，forever，continually等频度副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪。Hewasalwaysplayingtricksonme.Hewasconstantlychanginghismind.Shewasforevercomplaining.4)表示过去将来时间里按计划或安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。FourofthemwerecomingforSundaylunch.Herdaughterwasgoingtoasummercampthefollowingday.5）在when和while引导的时间状语从句，when从句一般接一般过去时，也可接过去进行时。While一般只跟过去进行时(延续性动词)。Shewasstillcleaningthehousewhenherhusbandcamebackfromwork.Whileyouwerewritingletter,Iwasreadingabook.6)表示婉转语气，用以提出请求，只限于want,hope,wonder等动词
Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.[基础练习]1.—Isthereanythingwrong.Bob?Youlooksad.—Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking2.—Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?—No,sir.I________anewspaper.A.readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreading3.—Itwasreallyverykindofyoutogivemealifthome.—Oh,don’tmentionit.I_____pastyourhouseanyway.A.wascomingB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.havecome4.—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,I_________myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do5.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,Wherepeople_________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.A.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesold5.6将来进行时【定义】将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。【形式】主动:被动:【用法】1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。then,atthattime，at10:00tomorrowmorning,thistimenextweek.WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?Whenhecomestomyhousetomorrow,Iwillbewritingthereport.2)表示将来一段时间内一直在做的事，即将来的时间段。ShewillbeworkingonherdesignduringMay.3)表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人
为安排要做的事。TomorrowIwillbeflyingtoBombay.明天我将飞往孟买。Afteryoutakethemedicine,youwillbefeelingmuchbetter.吃完药后，你会感觉好很多。[基础练习]1.Daniel'sfamilytheirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.A.areenjoyingB.aretoenjoyC.willenjoyD.willbeenjoying2.——Guesswhat,we’vegotourvisasforashort—termvisittotheUKthissummer.——Howmice!You_____adifferentculturethen.(2010年福建卷)A.willbeexperiencingB.haveexperiencedC.havebeenexperiencingD.willhaveexperienced3．Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you______freshwatermeloninthefall.A．eatB．wouldeatC．haveeatenD．willbeeating4.—Ringmeatsixtomorrowmorning,willyou?—Whythatearly?I______.A.willbesleepingB.havesleptC.havebeensleepingD.willsleep5.—Couldyoumeetmeattheairport?—I’dliketo,butI’mafraidIaveryimportantmeetingwhenyoureturn.A.willhaveattendedB.wasattendingC.amattendingD.willbeattending6.Iwon’tbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecauseI_______aclassthen.A.musthaveB.willbeteachingC.teachD.willhavetaught
5.7现在完成时【定义】满足两个条件：动作发生在过去或存在于过去的状态；动作的结果和现在有影响。【形式】主动:被动:【用法】1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个结果或影响，常与yetalready，just，before，lately等时间状语连用。—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃过午饭了吗？—Yes,Ihave.Ihavejusthadit.是的，我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了。）Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经寄过这些照片了。（这些照片已不在我这里了。）Ihaven’tseenyoubefore?Ihaveneverseensuchakindmanbefore.(before用于句末。)Hehasjustcome.(just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后。)Haveyoueverbeentothefarm?时间状语有：already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为＂已经＂，用在否定句中表示＂还＂，常放在句末。ever意为＂曾经＂，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。句型为:Have/Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词?“…曾经……过吗?”用于询问某人过去的经历。never意为＂从来都没有＂，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。before意为＂以前＂，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。2）过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词）。I’veknownLiLeiforthreeyears.Theyhavelivedheresince1996.ShehastaughtussinceIcametothisschool.时间状语有：
for+时间段fortwoyearssince+时间：点since2008sincethensincehecameheresofar目前；迄今为止uptonow=tillnow=bynow到现在为止；直到现在allthetime总是；一直recently/lately最近thesedays近几天during/overthelast(past)fewyears在过去的几年中inthelast/pastdays/months/years在过去的几个天/月/年中3）非延续性动词在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的这类动词有：begin,leave,go,borrow,come,return,born,die,buy,arrive.Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.4）现在完成时的常用固定句型That/This/Itisthefirst(second,third...)time...(that)...句型中，从句要用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.＂That/This/Itisthe+形容词最高级+名词+（that）从句＂中，that从句要用现在完成时。ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好看的电影。在＂Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...＂中，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。Ithasbeen/It’s5yearssincewelastmet.自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。It’s/Ithasbeen3monthssincethemandied.那人死去3个月了。一段时间+完成时结构+since引导的时间状语从句TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.我来这儿已经两年了。误区:并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（我现在已不在这里工作）Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.（现在我仍在这里工作）[基础练习]1.Weournewneighborsyet,sowedon'tknowtheirnames.
A.don'tmeetB.won'tmeetC.haven'tmetD.hadn'tmet2.Thisisthefirsttimeweafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.AseeBhadseenCsawDhaveseen3.Althoughmedicalscience____________controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A．achievedB．hasachievedC．willachieveD．hadachieved4．Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_______bynow.A．hascompletedB．havecompletedC．havebeencompletedD．hasbeencompleted5.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have…ShownB.Do…ShowC.Had…shownD.Did…Show6.Hisfirstnovel______goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceived7.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances______inthepastyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered8.Uptonow,theprogram________thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.SavesC.hadsavedD.hassaved9.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmsallovertheword.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced10.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_________safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive5.8过去完成时【形式】主动:被动:【用法】
1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词语或一个时间状语从句，也可以用表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：①by+过去的时间点Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.②bytheendof+过去的时间点WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.③before+过去的时间点TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.3）动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希打算或意图等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。4）固定句型中:hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)...Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。[基础练习]1.Iwasgivingatalktoatargetgroupofpeople,thesametalkItohalfadozenothergroups.A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven2.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______.A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached3.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson________fromcollege.A.graduatedB.hasgraduatedC.hadbeenD.hadgraduated4.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe________eachotherforyears.
A.knewB.haveknownC.hadknownD.know5.ExperimentsofthiskindinboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted6.—Canyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—NO,I____thebook,soIalreadyknewthestoryA.wasreadingB.hadreadC.amreadingD.haveread7.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey__forme.A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing5.9将来完成时【形式】主动:被动:【用法】1）开始于将来之前（可能是现在，过去和将来）的动作持续到将来,可能还会持续下去。IwillhavelearnedEnglishforatleast7yearsbytheendofnextyear.Theoldmanwillhaveworkedinthisfactoryfor50yearswhenheretiresnextmonth.同理：现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在，可能还要持续下去。HahaslearnedEnglishforatleast7yearsuptonow.2）将来之前发生的某一动作对将来的影响和结果(将来的某一时间点之前会完成的动作)。Wewillhavefinishedourexambytheendofnextweek...Hewillhavegonetoschoolby9o’clockinthemorning.将来Iwillhavefinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocktomorrow.同理：现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在的影响和结果。..Wehavefinishedourexam.过去现在HehasgonetoBeijing.Ihaveeaten.同理：过去完成时，过去的过去，过去之前的动作对过去的影响和结果...过去nineo’clockyesterday现在Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clockyesterday.
[基础练习]1.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics____by2006.A.hasbeencompleted B.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompleted D.willhavecompleted2.—Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he______enoughforausedoneA.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved3.Onthenextbirthday．Ann_________marriedfortwentyyears．A．isB．hasbeenC．willbeD．willhavebeen4.BythetimeJanegetshome,herauntforLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left5.BynextFriday，I_______mygiftfrommyuncle.A.willbereceivingB.willhavebeenreceivingC.willhavereceivedD.willreceive6.Jasonwillbetiredwhenhegetshomebecausehe_______foroveranhour.A.willbeplayingfootballB.willhavebeenplayingC.hasplayedD.willplay5.10现在完成进行时【形式】主动:【用法】1)表示持续性：表从过去持续到现在还在进行而且还要持续下去。可与段时间连用也可不用段时间。Monicahasbeenshoppingforthewholeafternoon,butshestillhavemanythingstobuy.Ihavebeenworkinginthiscompany.我一直在这家公司工作。（现在还在）2）表示动作持续到现在为止不再持续或表示不久前刚刚结束。
Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeenlookingforyoufor2hours.Yourfriendisoutofbreath.Youasked,“Haveyoubeenrunning?”Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehehasbeenplayinginthemud.现在完成进行时现在完成时与一段时间连用(区别不大)表从过去持续到现在还在进行而且还要持续下去。（强调持续性）Shehasbeenshoppingfor2hours,butshestillhasmanythingstobuy.翻译：我在这家公司工作3年了。Ihavebeenworkinginthiscompanyfor3years.表从过去持续到现在，有可能持续下去。Shehasshoppedfor2hours.翻译：我在这家公司工作3年了。Ihaveworkedinthiscompanyfor3years.不与一段时间连用表一段时间的持续。Ihavebeenworkinginthiscompany.我一直在这家公司工作。（现在还在）例如：Ihavebeensleeping.（一直在睡，还在睡。）表过去发生的动作（过去做完了）对现在的影响和结果。Ihaveworkedinthiscompany.我在这家公司工作过。（现在不在，表示过去的经历。）例如：Ihaveslept.(睡过了，不困了)不与一段时间连用Sorryaboutthemess—Ihavebeenpaintingthehouse.(我一直在刷，没有结束，所以屋子很乱。)Ihavepaintedthehousegreen(我把房子刷成绿色了，动作已经做完了，对现在的影响是房子不是白色的了，成了绿色了。)表动作结束1.动作持续到现在为止不再持续。Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeenlookingforyoufor2hours.2.表示不久前刚刚结束。1)Yourfriendisoutofbreath.Youasked,“Haveyoubeenrunning?”2)Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehehasbeenplayinginthemud.1.和现完进行区别不大。Wherehaveyoubeen?I’velookedforyoufor2hours.2.现完不用于这种情况。1)Ihaverun.2)Ihaveplayedinthemud.[基础练习]1.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________Englishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying
2.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently．—Well，itisn’tsurprising,Ourfriendsandrelativesaroundallthetime.A．arecomingB．hadcomeC．werecomingD．havebeencoming3.I‘mtiredout.IallafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping4.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing5.Tominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.havebeenworkingD.hadbeenworking6.—why,Jack,youlooksotired!—Well,I_____thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepaintedD.havebeenpainting7.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseIalotlately.A.havebeencoughingB.hadcoughedC.coughedD.cough5.11过去完成进行时【形式】主动:【用法】1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.WhenIfirstmetJane，shehadbeenworkinginthatschoolfor10years.[基础练习]1.Thecrazyfanspatientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaiting B.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaited D.wouldwait2.They____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe______itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A．hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB．hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworkedD．haveworked;arestillworking
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