第十七章 语法填空
语法填空的考查范围：1.语境(上下文)；2.语法：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)，名词，代词，冠词，介词，固定搭配，情态动词，复合句，形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
一、动词(谓语/非谓语)给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态、语态、主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动还是被动，是否有先后关系。
MsChen___________________________________________________(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent.2.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_____________________(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.3.Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,_____________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.4.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.hastaught/hasbeenteaching/hadtaught/hadbeenteachingwastold/hadbeentoldwaschangedhadbroken
5.Thechild,NicoleHobson,______________(take)byhermothertoChildren'sMemorialHospitalabout11p.m．，Wednesdaytocheck…6.Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould___________(make)aradiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.7.AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat__________(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.8.Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldn'thavebeenthereifhe____________(watch)theweatherforecastthedaybefore.wasbeingtakenhavemadeencourageshadwatched
9.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson________(receive)thegift.10.Withtheproblem________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.11.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_________(complete)therest.12.There,________(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!13.___________(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%.receivingsolvedtocompleteplacedCompared
14.StormssweptalongNewMexico'sborderwithTexasonFriday,___________(destroy)homesandotherbuildingsandinjuring…15.Wemustpracticespeakingand________(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.16.…butitisnotenoughonly___________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.17.Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverything________(present)tohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.destroyingwritingtomemorizepresented
二、代词挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子不连贯。1.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax________．2.Thelittleboypulled________righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.3.…thedriverdid________tohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmorepassengers.myselfhisnothing
4.Ifyougiveyourchildren…thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard__________asunfitorunablepersons.5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of________wereself－fundedstudents…6.Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear________spoken.themselvesthemit
三、定语从句的关系词必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出关系词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。1.Theexam,________wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.2.ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore________Iworkedpart－timeandboughtheranexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.3.Itwasapoemaboutme,________includedthetime…whichwherewhich
4.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents________camebacktoChinaafterstudy.5.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,________issupportedbytheChinesegovernment.who/thatwhich
四、连词(从属连词/并列连词)A)引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what,who,which,when,where,whatever,whoever,whichever,whether；副词从句引导词where,wherever,when,if,how,unless,until,since…1.Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas________heisinterestedinandhowoldheis.2.Myfaceturnedredonhearing________mymothersaid.3.Shewouldpointout________theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.whatwhatwhat
4.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(儿科)says________childrenreallyneedforhealthdevelopmentismoregood,old－fashionedplaytime.5.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname________Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.6.________childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.7.Statisticsshowthat________Chinacarriedouttheopening－uppolicy,atotalofonemillionstudentshavegoneabroadforstudy.whatwhenUnlesssince
8.________wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.9.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisisprecisely________thedangerlies.Ifwhere
B)并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and,but,or,though,although,so…，挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与出题人思路相吻合。1.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositiveandpersevered________Ifinallyfoundthesolution.2.Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest________Imademyfinaldecision.3.Tom,an8－year－oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop________satatatable.untilandand
4.Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,________withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.but
五、表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语此功能与关联词相似。只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though,however,also,therefore,still,besides,inaddition,instead,or,otherwise,first,second,then,finally,inaword等等。1.This,________，didn'tbothermebecausemathhadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.2.Don'talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise________．howeverinstead
六、特殊句型(或固定短语)考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。属于从字词层面考查语法。1.Itwasnotlong________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetable.2.________wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn'teatMSG!3.SocarelesswasI________Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.4.“Asamatterof________，youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievement…”beforeItthatfact
5.WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobring________Nicole'slife…6.Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileaway________thehospital.backfrom
七、冠词1.ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw________firstquestion.2.ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore…andboughther________expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.3.Tom,________8－year－oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.4.HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand________goodmanyotherthings.theanana
5.Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadaheartoperationandthatshewashaving________heartfailure.6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso________comparativelycheapone.aa
八、介词或数词1.IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs，…，wereasurepath________success.2.Don'tbealwaysparticular________yourpresentworkandincome.3.ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong________constructivecriticism.4.Heshowedthepublicalimitededitionfour－wheeldrivecar,whichisespeciallymade________hispersonaltaste.toaboutwithto
5.Fivewereincriticalcondition________headtrauma(外伤，损伤),saidLizCrouch,thecenter'schiefoperatingofficer.6.Thereisnoeasywaytosuccess________languagelearning.7.Itwashis________(nine)yearofschool.withinninth
九、词形变化或者词性变化给出单词的原形，通过句子分析缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy_____________(appreciate)Idecidedtogiveherapresent.2.____________(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.3.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit__________(patience)．appreciationUnfortunatelyimpatient
4.“Thirty－fivecents，”shesaid________(rude)．5.Idon'tknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto________(soft)theblow,butitworks.6.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto________________(understand)them.7.Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_____________(entertain)field.8.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_____________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.rudelysoftenmisunderstandentertainmentcontributions
经典例题给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，看缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·69)However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·66)Anditmusthavebeen________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers…3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·69)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___________(introduce)ofelectric－poweredenginesandliftscarefulfairlyintroduction
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·70)ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate)．6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·70)Itis________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.7.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·61)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop________(attract)．successfuleducationcertainlyattraction
8.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·63)Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.9.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·62)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof_____________(achieve)．10.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·66)Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.11.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·67)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks________(regular)．officiallyachievementgraduallyregularly
12.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·68)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfuciusinfluencedthe____________(develop)ofchopsticks.13.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ·69)AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.14.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ·63)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.developmentregularlyability
15.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·63)Heryearsofhardworkhave________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.16.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·70)It's__________(wonder)．17.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·63)Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange18.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·67)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal________(globe)fertilizerconsumption.finallywonderfulactuallyglobal
从上面例题可以看出词形变化是必考重点内容，为此我们特给同学们归纳下面常见词形变化。1.形容词与副词的转换(高频考点)quicklyrudelywidelyreallycarefullyfinallypolitelyhighlysuddenlygreatly
easilyangrilyhappilyheavilybusilyluckily
possiblyprobablyterriblynoblycomfortablyreliably
gentlyamplysimplytrulywhollybasicallyclassicallymagicallyoptimisticallyscientificallypublicly
2.名词与形容词的转换personalnationaltraditionalcentralpracticalculturalagriculturalarchitecturalphysicalmathematicalstatistical
westernsouthernnorthernsouthwesternhorribleterriblepowerfulpeacefulmercifulbeautiful
selfishchildishhumorousanxiousambitiouscurioussignificantdistantsilentdifferentconvenient
efficienturgenttimelymanlymotherlydailyresponsibilitypossibilityflexibility
sleepydirtynoisysunnykindnessillnesssadnesshappinesswarmthlengthwidthtruthgrowth
privacyadequacywisdomcrueltysafetytiresometroublesomehistoric(al)scientificbraveryshortage
presentationexplanationeducationexaminationpreparationpronunciationintroductiondescription3.动词与名词的转换
pollutioncontributionrevisionattractionprotectionsuggestiondiscussionexpressionpossessionimpressionintention
permissionextensionconclusiondivisionperformanceacquaintanceguidance
preferencereferencedifferencedependenceagreementannouncementencouragementdevelopment
approvalsurvivalrefusalpressuredeparturemixturediscovery
varietytendencyadviceapologyclassification
comfortablereasonableadmirableadmirableharmfulhopefulcarefuluseful4.动词与形容词的转换attractiveimpressivecreative
imaginarywidenlessenworsenenrichenableennoble
disagreedisappeardiscoverdislikeimpoliteimpatientinconvenient5.表示否定的前缀与后缀misleadmisdirectmistrust
unfairunfitunfortunateunusualendlessstainlesstastelessuselesspriceless
teacherstrangervillageremployerinventoreducatorvisitor6.表示人的后缀conductorintervieweepayeeabsentee
waitresshostessstewardessgoddessJapaneseChineseBurmeseVietnameseAmericanAustralianIndianKorean
historianlibrarianphysicianpoliticiannovelisttouristcyclistscientist
accountantconsultantapplicantservantbeggar
下面我们来看一篇短文语法填空。Eleven－year－oldAngelawasstrickenwithadiseaseinvolvinghernervoussystem.Thedoctorsdidnotholdoutmuchhopeofhereverrecovering1.________thisillness.Theypredictedshe'dspendtherestofherlifeinawheelchair.2.________Angelafirmlybelievedthatshewasdefinitelygoingtobewalkingagainsomeday.Thedoctorswerecharmedbyher3.______________(defeatable)spirit.Theytaughtheraboutimaginingseeingherself4.________(walk).Angelawouldworkashardaspossibleinphysicaltherapy(治疗),lyingtherefaithfullydoingherimagining,visualizingherselfmoving,moving,moving!fromButundefeatablewalking
Oneday,5.______________shewasstrainingallhermighttoimagineherlegsmovingagain,6.________seemedasthoughamiraclehappened:thebedmoved!Shescreamedout,“Look,whatI7.________(do)!Look!Look!Icandoit!Imoved!Imoved！”Ofcourse,8.________thisverymomenteveryoneelseinthehospitalwasscreaming,too.ItwastheSanFranciscoearthquake.Butdon'ttell9.________toAngela.Shewas10.___________(convince)thatshedidit.Andnowonlyafewyearslater,shewasbackinschoolonherowntwofeet.Nowalkingsticks,nowheelchair.aswhen/whileitamdoingatthat/itconvinced
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。第一篇【2018年全国卷Ⅰ】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)thannon－runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong__62__(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof__63__(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit__64__(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife__65__walking,cyclingorswimming.
Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66__showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall__67__(cause)．Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto__68__(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways__69__(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive__70__atry.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________longertoseedyingisthanthat/whichcausesstrengthenenergeticit/running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。61.医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级。62.你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处用不定式作目的状语。63.你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，通过跑步但仍然会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。
64.医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。65.跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的moreeffective可知此处填than。66.此处astudy是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。67.一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据修饰词all可知用复数形式。68.通过锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。
69.跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it's可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。70.我们都应该试试跑步。此处giveitatry意为：试试。此处it可以指running。
第二篇【2018年全国卷Ⅱ】DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011，thecountry__61__(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover__62__past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.
Atasteformeatis__63__(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice__64__(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater__65__riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased__66__(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal__67__(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment__68__(start)asoil－testingprogram__69__givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__70__(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________hasgrowntheactuallytoimprovethanpollutionglobalstartedthat/whichfeeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界的认可。61.since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填hasgrown。62.句意：玉米产量在过去25年里激增了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。63.句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
64.句意：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填toimprove。65.句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。66.句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。hasdecreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。67.句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizerconsumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68.句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。69.根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。70.句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了Chinais，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
【点睛】学会分析句子成分。TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil－testingprogramwhich/thatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，thegovernment是主语，asoil－testingprogram是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。
第三篇【2018年全国卷Ⅲ】I'mnotsure__61__ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface－to－facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat__62__topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400－poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe__63__(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid__64__(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel__65__(challenge)．
MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma__66__(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching__67__thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind__68__(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal__69__(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:“I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder！”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme__70__(stay)andwatch.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________whichtheloudestlookingchallengedscientistforthemmeanttostay
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。61.句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”。62.此处为固定短语atthetopof，此处表示“以最大的肺活量喊叫”。63.根据后面的ofall可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。64.动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。65.根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
66.根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist意为“科学家”。67.searchfor是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。68.此处做find的宾语，所以用宾格them。69.分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。70.固定短语allowsbtodo意为“允许某人做某事”，应该用tostay。
第四篇【2017年全国卷Ⅰ】Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)__61__amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside__62__(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.
Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired__63__(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt__64__(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As__65__result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even__66__(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood__67__(be)fulloffatandsalt;by__68__(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.
Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be__69__(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，__70__isnotgoodforthehealth.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________aseffectstoprocessareremovedaworseiseatingcarefulwhich
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述饮食要均衡，不要走极端，食盐和脂肪虽然不是好东西，但它们是饮食的重要部分。61.as句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以……身份”，故填as。62.effects分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“sideeffect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。63.toprocess句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，requiresb.todosth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb.berequiredtodosth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填toprocess。
64.areremoved句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填areremoved。65.a固定短语asaresult表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。66.worse修饰比较级，表示“更糟糕的是”，用evenwrose。67.主语是fastfood，谓语用第三人称单数。68.介词by后加动名词作宾语。
69.be动词后加表语形容词，becarefulnottodosth.意为“小心不要做某事”。70.先行词为toomuchofboth，在从句中作主语，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句。
第五篇【2017年全国卷Ⅱ】In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand__62__work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，__63__(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover__64__top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.
Steamengines__65__(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen__66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25，000peoplewereusing__67__everyday.Later,engineers__68__(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe__69__(introduce)ofelectric－poweredenginesandlifts.
ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost__70__(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite－paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________crowdsfromlayingthewereusedfairlyitmanagedintroductionsuccessful
【解析】本文介绍了伦敦地铁的发展过程和速度，伦敦地铁从1863年开始到1990年以后发展得很成功。61.crowds句意：它运营距离不到七千米，让人们避开了上下班道路上的人群。crowd“人群”用复数。62.from考查介词。句意：让人们在上下班路上避开了可怕的人群。toandfromwork意为“上下班”。63.laying考查动名词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在顶部建造一个坚固的房顶。和digging并列用动名词。
64.the考查冠词。句意：然后在顶部建造一个坚固的房顶，特指地铁顶部。用定冠词the。65.wereused考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：蒸汽机被用来拉车厢，这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的。主语和use是被动关系，且文章是一般过去时，主语是复数。66.fairly考查副词。用副词修饰unpleasant。67.it考查代词。句意：每天有超过2.5万人使用它。用it指代therailway。
68.managed考查动词一般过去时。engineers和manage是主动关系，且文章是一般过去时。69.introduction考查名词。句意：只有采用电动发动机和升机，这种发展才有可能。定冠词the后接名词。70.successful考查形容词。themostsuccessful意为最“成功的”。
第六篇【2017年全国卷Ⅲ】Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh－facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtochallengeofhernewA－levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends，16－year－oldSarahisnotspendinghalf－term__61__(rest)．Instead,sheisearning￡6500adayas__62__modelinNewYork.
Sarah__63__(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter44，wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull－time.ButSarah，__64__hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswants__65__(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher__66__(educate)．Shehasturneddownseveral__67__(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull－timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree__68__engineeringorarchitecture.
Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school__69__(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis__70__(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.”
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________restingawastold/hasbeentoldwhotoimproveeducationinvitationsincomescertainly
【解析】本文介绍了16岁的Sarah集美貌和智慧于一身，她具备超模的条件，但是她希望继续完成学业。61.resting固定短语spendtimedoingsth.意为“花费时间做某事”。62.amodel是可数名词，前面没有定冠词，此处指“职业类别”，故填a。63.wastold/hasbeentoldSarah和tell是动宾关系，而且tell这个动作已经发生或是发生在过去，用现在完成式或一般过去时。65.toprovewanttodosth.意为“想要做某事”。
66.education形容词性物主代词后面应接名词。67.invitationsseveral修饰可数名词复数形式。68.inin表示“在某方面”，获得某项学位用“getadegreein…”表示。69.comes根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，故用一般现在时。70.certainly修饰动词应用副词形式。
第七篇【2016年全国卷Ⅰ】Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop__61__(attract)．Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot－for－profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I__62__(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600－acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63__(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.
Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback__64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s，__65__IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66__(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__67__(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120－pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.
Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby__68__(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle－fed,__70__otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________attrationwasallowedofficallytowhenpermittedintroducingitsdaysthe
【解析】本文描述了作者作为一名熊猫爱心大使，在成都的一个非盈利性的熊猫养护基地护理大熊猫的故事。61.attraction本题考查attract的名词形式，熊猫是它最具吸引力的地方。62.wasallowedbeallowedtodosth意为“被允许做某事”。63.offically副词修饰动词，officially意为“官方的，正式的”。64.togobackto意为“追溯到”。65.whenwhen引导的时间状语从句。
66.permitted动词的过去分词作后置定语，意为“permitted被允许”。67.introducing动名词作宾语，introduce的动名词形式为introducing。68.its此处指代的是双胞胎中的一个，故填its。69.daysfew意为“少的”，后接名词复数形式，故填days。70.the此处是固定结构“one…theother…”，意为“一个……另一个……”，故填the。
第八篇【2016年全国卷Ⅱ】Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof__61__(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof__62__(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__63__(be)oftenacceptable.
Mostofusaremorefocused__64__ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive__65__possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.
Recent__66__(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks__67__(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor__68__while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely__69__(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,__70__(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________greaterachievementisonasstudiesregularlyatobringmake
【解析】本文是说明文，主要讲述了释放工作压力的方法。61.greater由于and之后的less使用的是比较级，所以and之前的great也用比较级形式greater。62.achievementarealsenseof意为“一种真正的……”，后接名词。63.is此处是动名词语，且整篇文章是一般现在时，故填is。64.onbefocuson意为“专注于”，故填on。65.asas…aspossible意为“尽可能……干某事”，故填as。
66.studies此处study意为“研究”，后面的谓语动词show用了原形，故填studies。67.regularly用副词修饰动词短语takeshortbreaks。68.aforawhile意为“一会儿”，故填a。69.tobringbelesslikelytodo意为“不太可能干某事”，故填tobring。70.make动词短语makesure放在句首构成祈使句，故填make。
第九篇【2019年全国卷Ⅰ】ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence__61__theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen__62__(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000—25，000polarbearsworldwide.
Modernmethods__63__trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensive__64__(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut__65__(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa__66__(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby__67__(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare__68__(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of__69__nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__70__(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________greaterachievementisonasstudiesregularlyatobringmake
第十篇【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】A90－year－oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for__61__(be)Britain'soldestfull－timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,__62__sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave__63__(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.
Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene__64__(declare)shehadnoplans__65__(retire)fromher36－year－oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI__66__(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,__67__becauseIwantto.”
GranddaughterGayleParks，31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness－saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall__68__(say)shewasshort－listed，wethoughtitwas__69__joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's__70__(wonder)．”
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________beingwhichfinallydeclaredtoretirehavemadebutsayingawonderful
【解析】本文主要讲述了一位老妇人被提名为“年度女性”并颁发奖项。61.being根据空格前介词for可知，后面接的动词须以动名词形式出现，故填being。62.which此句为非限制性定语从句，用which来引导，指代“petshop”，故填which。63.finally空格处应为副词词性，修饰动词，故填finally。64.declared因事情发生在过去，且从句动词用“had”，可知主句时态也为一般过去时，故填declared。
65.toretire该句用不定式作状语表目的，havenoplanstodosth表示“没有做某事的计划”，故填toretire。66.havemade根据时间状语“overtheyears”(多年以来)，可知该句应用现在完成时态，故填havemade。67.but此处句意为“我工作不是因为我必须做，而是因为我想做”，此处应为转折关系，故填but。68.saying动词ing形式与主句主语构成主动关系，故填saying。69.ajoke是可数名词，前面需要填不定冠词a或an，joke不是以元音音素开头，故填a。
70.wonderful此处应为形容词作表语，表示“极好的，精彩的”，故填wonderful。
第十一篇【2019年全国卷Ⅲ】Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining__61__hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake__62__(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.
Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack__63__dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__64__hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand__65__(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.
Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting__66__(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany__67__(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere__68__(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek－longstay,we__69__(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,__70__(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________sotogetofwhorecommendedcompetitiontraditionalhugelywereinvitedlistening
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去夏威夷的珍珠岛游玩时的情形，我们受到了热烈的欢迎，并游览了有趣的地方。61.so句意：下了如此大的雨以至于我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”。62.togetIttakestimetodosth意为“花时间做某事”。63.ofapackof意为“几个，几只”。64.who该句里有一个定语从句，先行词为master，定语从句缺少主语，故填who/that。
65.recommendand连接的是并列谓语，前句使用了shared过去式，故recommend也用过去式。66.competitionaninteresting意为“一个有趣的”，后加名词，故填competition。67.traditional名词stories应用形容词进行修饰，故填traditional。68.hugely用副词修饰形容词popular，故填hugely。69.wereinvited主语we与动词invite之间为被动关系，故填wereinvited。70.listening主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词表主动。
第十二篇【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e－4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess__61__(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole－Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis__62__(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__63__itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.
Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__64__(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso__65__thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e－4__66__(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole－Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit__67__(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon__68__(construct)．”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow__69__iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether__70__(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________touchedextremelywhereinterestthantofindmeansisconstructedmuchits
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。中国成了第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器“嫦娥四号”发射的意义。61.句意：无人月球探测器“嫦娥四号”——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语lastweek可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。62.句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
63.句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是aspot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。64.句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，(sth.)beofinteresttosb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。65.句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级moreso可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66.句意：中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填tofind。67.句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家CarlePieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“Thisreallyexcitesscientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68.句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语themoon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语themoon是单数，故填isconstructed。69.句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。70.句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
第十三篇【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】DeoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa__61__(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__62__(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth__63__(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry.
Oranges:Orangetreesaremore__64__decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__65__(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.__66__(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated__67__health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy__68__(care)forandmakegreatpresents.
BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The__69__(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink－coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare__70__firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.
61.___________62.___________63.___________64.___________65.___________66.___________67.___________68.___________69.___________70.___________cedebrationcarriescomingthandecoratedcertainlywithtocasebeautifulthe
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。61.句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。62.句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63.句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。64.句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；morethan意为“不仅仅，不只是”。故填than。65.句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们被人们用红纸包装并且内含祝福好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orangetrees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66.句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。67.句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。beassociatedwith意为“与……相联系”。故填with。68.句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be＋形容词＋todo”结构。故填tocare。
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69.句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，可以做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。70.句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
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